California] 

gional 

cility 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


'  Classical  Scries. 


THE 


SATIRES  OF  JUVENAL 


EDITED    BY 

THOMAS  B.  LINDSAY,  PH.D. 


BOSTON  UNIVERSITY 


NEW  YORK  •:•  CINCINNATI  •:•  CHICAGO 
AMERICAN    BOOK    COMPANY 


COPYRIGHT.  1890,  BY 
AMERICAN   BOOK  COMPANY, 

w.  p.    6 


1*10 


PREFACE. 


THE  text  of  this  edition  agrees  in  the  main  with 
that  of  Biicheler's  edition  of  Jahn.  A  list  of  passages 
where  I  have  thought  best  to  make  use  of  other  read- 
ings or  other  orthography  will  be  found  at  the  end  of 
the  volume ;  differences  in  punctuation  are  marked  only 
where  the  meaning  is  materially  affected.  I  have  com- 
pared most  of  the  important  editions,  and  used  Ilosiutf 
Apparatus  Oriticus  ad  luvenalem  (1888),  and  Beer's 
Spicilegium  luvenalianum  (1885),  as  well  as  such  spe- 
cial articles  as  were  at  my  command. 

Thirteen  of  the  sixteen  satires  usually  attributed  to 
Juvenal  are  here  given.  Those  omitted  are  the  second, 
the  sixth,  and  the  ninth.  These  are  rarely  read  in  col- 
y  %e  classes.  Where  si  ngle  lines  or  longer  passages  have 
been  omitted,  the  fact  is  indicated  by  the  numbering. 

The  notes  are  the  result  of  several  years'  experience, 
careful  study,  and  a  comparison  of  the  views  of  the 
best  editors,  especially  Ruperti,  Heinrich,  Jahn,  Mac- 
leane,  Mayor,  Weidrier,  and  Biicheler.  I  have  also 


1181002 


iv  PREFACE. 

had  the  benefit  of  my  own  MS.  copy  of  Bibbeck's 
lectures  on  Juvenal. 

No  index,  except  the  index  of  proper  names,  is 
given,  because  an  incomplete  one  seems  of  little  value, 
and  the  complete  index  in  Jahn's  edition  of  1851  is 
easily  accessible  to  scholars. 

I  wish  to  express  my  thanks  to  several  friends  and 
former  pupils  for  valuable  aid  in  connection  with  both 
the  MS.  and  the  proof-sheets. 

T.  B.  LINDSAY. 

BOSTON  UNIVERSITY,  May,  1890. 


CONTENTS. 


PAOE 

PREFACE .    iii 

LIST  or  ILLUSTRATIONS vi 

INTRODUCTION ..ix 

DATES  OF  ROMAN  EMPERORS xiv 

DATES  OF  ROMAN  WRITERS       .........    xv 

DESIGNATIONS  OF  AISS xvi 

SATIRE 

I. — THE  STATE  OF  THE  TIMES    .        .......     1 

III. — THE  DISADVANTAGES  OF  LIFE  AT  ROME 7 

IV. — THE  DEGRADATION  or  THE  SENATE      ......  19 

V. — CLIENT  AND  PATRON 24 

VII. — THE  TRIALS  OF  LITERATURE         .......  31 

VIII. — FALSE  PRIDE  OF  ANCESTRY  ........  40 

X. — THE  VANITY  OF  HUMAN  WISHES 50 

XI. — LUXURY  AND  POVERTY 62 

XII. — THE  RETURN  OF  CATULLUS  .        .        .                ....  69 

XIII. — THE  POWER  OF  CONSCIENCE 75 

XIV. — RESPECT  FOR  YOUTH 84 

XV.— AN  EGYPTIAN  BATTLE 96 

XVI.— MILITARY  LIFE 103 

NOTES 107 

LIST  OF  DIFFERENCES  FROM  BUCHELER'S  TEXT 212 

INDEX  OF  PROPER  NAMES •       •        .  214 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  OBJECTS  ILLUSTRATED  ......  228 


LIST   OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

-luvenal Frontispiece 

Appian  Way 1 

Nereids  and  Tritons 6 

Campagna 7 

Orpheus 17 

Domitian  (full  page) 18 

Domitian  (coin) 19 

Triumphal  arch  (coin  of  Augustus)         ....'..    23 

Triclinium 24 

Table  delicacies ,.30 

Roman  reading         .        .      . 31 

Atrium 40 

Ancilia 49 

Circus 50 

Auriga  (full  page) 54 

Chariot  with  the  body  of  Antilochos .    61 

Reading  from  Homer 62 

Greeks  feasting 68 

Ba.*-relief :  rowers  in  an  Attic  trireme    .......    69 

Greek  vessel 73 

Jupiter  Olympius  (full  page) 74 

Jupiter  Ammon  (coin) .        .        .75 

Medusa 83 

Emperor  Claudius .....84 

Sacrificial  scene 95 

View  on  the  Nile 96 

Nile  as  river-god      .« 102 

Ruins  of  Roman  camp 103 

Tomb  of  Scipio 105 


LIST  OF   ILLUSTRATIONS.  Vlj 

no.  PAOE 

1.  Roman  reading 110 

2.  Lcctica 112 

3.  Stylus 113 

4.  Writing  tablets 114 

5.  Bronze  jugs 115 

6.  Toga  with  sinus 116 

7.  Taberna 117 

8.  Torus 118 

9.  Tomb  of  Caecilia  Metella 119 

10.  Restoration  of  tombs  on  the  Appian  Way 120 

11.  Raeda.     ' 122 

12.  Sambuca 124 

13.  Tympanum 124 

14.  Funambulus 125 

15.  Abolla .126 

16.  Pinnirapus 127 

17.  Retiarius,  secutor,  and  lanista 127 

18.  Theatre  at  Aspendos 128 

19.  Abacus 129 

20.  Oil-flask  and  strigils .        .131 

21.  Vomer 133 

22.  Figure  with  the  rota 136 

23.  Triclinium .        .138 

24.  Dinner-scene,  showing  the  culcitiie  .        .        .        .        .        .        .  138 

25.  Loaves  of  bread  fouml  at  Pompeii    .        ...        .        .        .  140 

26.  Artoptae  (bread -molds) •      .        .        .        .140 

27.  Table  delicacies,  from  Pompeiian  frescoes 140 

28.  Mouth  of  the  Cloaca  Maxima 141 

29.  Culina 142 

30.  Boy  wearing  the  bulla 143 

31.  Writing  materials 145 

32.  Figure  bearing  the  thyrsus 146 

33.  Actors  wearing  the  cothurnus 146 

34.  Ancestor-mask  (cera) 152 

35.  Plan  of  the  house  of  Pansa 152 

36.  Atrium 158 

37.  Hermes 154 

38.  Roman  mill 155 

39.  Phokion  wearing  the  chlamys 156 

40.  View  of  the  Parthenon 157 

41.  Figure  bearing  the  scutum 158 

42.  Various  forms  of  the  cithara     ........  160 

43.  Mimus  .  160 


viii  LIST  OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 

FIG.  PAGB 

44.  Gladiator's  armor 161 

45.  Galerus 161 

46.  Dolabra 162 

47.  Diadema 162 

48.  Plan  of  the  Forum  Koinanum 165 

49.  Rostra  (?) 168 

50.  Tropaeum 169 

51.  Currus,  showing  the  temo .        .        . 169 

52.  Trireme,  showing  the  three  banks  of  oars  .        t  169 

53.  Position  of  the  rowers  in  a  trireme .  169 

54.  Ship,  showing  the  aplustre 170 

55.  Bridge  of  boats 171 

56.  Theatre  of  Herod  at  Athens 172 

57.  Sacrificial  scene,  showing  the  tuba    .......  173 

58.  Rogus 173 

59.  Funeral  urn 173 

60.  Couch,  showing  the  fulcrum      ........  178 

61.  Horse  adorned  with  phalerae 179 

62.  Figure  bearing  the  clipeus 179 

63.  Orbis 179 

64.  Orbis 180 

65.  Artificial  harbor  at  Ostia    « 184 

66.  Pharos 185 

67.  Inner  harbor  at  Ostia 185 

68.  Sacrifice  of  Iphigcnia 186 

69.  Nassa 187 

10.  Pyxis 188 

71.  Vulcan's  workshop 189 

72.  Figure  hurling  the  framea 190 

73.  Isis  with  the  sistrum 191 

74.  Pygmies  and  cranes 192 

75.  Flagellum 193 

76.  Dice-box  (fritillus) 195 

77.  Cucurbita 196 

78.  Plan  of  the  so-called  villa  suburbana  of  DSomedes  .        .        .        .197 

79.  Roman  standards 200 

80.  Circus  Maximus  at  Rome 201 

81.  Tibicen 205 

82.  Phaselus 207 

83.  Egyptian  phaselus 207 

84.  Plan  of  Roman  camp 209 

85.  Ruins  of  Roman  camp 210 

86.  Soldier  wearing  the  baltcus 211 

(Cf.  alphabetical  list  o/t  j.-mje  223.) 


INTRODUCTION. 


WE  know  very  little  of  the  life  of  Juvenal.  He  rarely 
speaks  of  himself,  and  is  seldom  mentioned  by  other 
Latin  writers.  The  sources  of  our  information  are — 

1.  Thirteen  versions  of  a  Life  of  Juvenal  which  have 
come  down  to  us  from  an  unknown  source,  in  connection 
with  various  MSS.  of  his  works.     No  one  of  these  is  ac- 
curate or  trustworthy.     Seven  are  given  at  the  end  of 
Jahn's  edition. 

2.  Scattered   references  in  his  own  writings  serving 
to  fix  dates  and  places.     Many  of  these  references,  how- 
ever, occur  in  passages  the  authenticity  of  which  is  dis- 
puted. 

3.  The  following  inscription,  discovered  at  Aquinum  : 

C[ere]ri  sacrum  [D.  Iu]nius  luvenalis 
trib.  coh[ortis  I]  Dalmatarum,  II  vir  quin- 
q[uennalis]  flamen  divi  Vespasiani 
vovit  dedicav[it  q]ue  sua  pec[unia] 

4.  Passages   in    Martial    (VII,  24;   91;   XII,  18),  in 
Sidonius  Apollinaris  (Carm.  IX,  270),  in  Johannes  Malala 


X  INTRODUCTION. 

(Chron.  X,  p.  341,  Chilm.),  and  in  Rutilius  Namatianus 
(I,  603). 

From  these  sources  we  gather  the  following  probable 
account : 

DECIMUS  IUNIUS  IUVENALIS,  the  son  or  foster-son  of 
a  rich  freedman,  was  born  at  Aquinum,  about  54  A.  D.  He 
attended  school,  probably  at  Rome,  studied  rhetoric  and 
practiced  declamation,  without,  however,  any  view  to  either 
teaching  or  law,  as  a  profession.  He  wrote  some  satirical 
verses  on  the  actor  Paris,  the  favorite  of  Domitian,  possi- 
bly the  lines  (87-96)  which  were  afterward  inserted  in  the 
seventh  satire.  From  Martial's  statements,  as  well  as  from 
his  own  works,  we  conclude  that  he  lived  for  some  time  in 
Rome.  He  served  in  the  army  as  tribunus  cohortis,  and 
was  at  one  time  banished,  probably  to  Egypt.  He  lived 
to  the  age  of  eighty. 

Satire  was  a  distinctively  Roman  literary  produc- 
tion. The  name  was  given  by  Ennius  (239  B.  c.)  to  a 
collection  of  poems  in  various  metres,  dealing  with  vari- 
ous subjects.  Lucilius  (ca  148  B.  c.)  gave  to  satire  the 
character  that  it  afterward  retained  ;  a  rambling  account 
of  matters  and  things,  half  philosophy,  half  ridicule. 
Horace  (65  B.  c.)  polished  and  refined  this  form  of  com- 
position, and  gave  it  more  of  the  genial  spirit  of  the 
later  essay.  Following  Horace  came  Persius  (34  A.  D.), 
whose  style  is  rough  and  at  times  obscure,  and  whose 
treatment  is  more  directly  philosophical  than  that  of  his 
predecessors. 


INTRODUCTION.  xj 

Sixteen  satires  have  come  down  to  us  as  the  writings 
of  Juvenal ;  the  genuineness  of  several,  and  of  parts  of 
others,  has  been  questioned,  particularly  by  Otto  Ribbeck 
in  his  Der  echte  und  der  unechte  Juvenal,  Berlin,  1865. 
Most  editors,  while  admitting  Ribbeck's  clear  insight  and 
critical  ability,  and  conceding  that  each  of  the  two  sections 
into  which  he  divides  the  works  attributed  to  Juvenal  has 
marked  characteristics,  hesitate  to  adopt  the  theory  as  a 
whole,  and  the  text  stands  in  the  main  as  given  in  the 
MSS.  The  division  into  five  books  seems  to  have  been 
an  arbitrary  arrangement  made  by  the  early  commenta- 
tors. 

The  MSS.  of  Juvenal  are  divided  into  two  classes.  To 
the  first  class  belongs  the  Montepessulanus  125,  or  Pithoea- 
nus  (-P.),  &  MS.  of  the  ninth  century,  which  contains  cor- 
rections made  by  a  later  hand  (p.).  Here  belonged  too 
the  now  lost  MS.  used  by  G.  Valla  in  his  edition  of  I486, 
and  another  lost  MS.  formerly  in  the  monastery  of  St. 
Gall,  the  scholia  of  which  are  still  accessible.  The  second 
class  contains  a  large  number  of  later  and  less  trust- 
worthy MSS.,  among  which  must  be  reckoned  the  cor- 
rections in  P. 

The  classification  of  the  scholia  follows  that  of 
the  MSS. 

Horace  lived  when  the  Roman  state,  emerging  from 
the  horrors  of  civil  war,  seemed  about  to  enter  upon  :i 
new  life  under  the  wise  leadership  of  Augustus ;  his  satire, 
sympathizing  with  the  time,  strikes  only  at  those  lesser 


xii  INTRODUCTION. 

follies  that  might  be  reached  by  a  laugh.  In  fact,  the 
satires  of  Horace  have  very  little  of  the  bitter  irony  and 
the  scathing  criticism  which  we  connect  with  the  word 
satire,  but  contain  a  pleasant,  rather  loquacious,  discussion 
of  matters  of  general  interest,  with  side  blows  at  an  un- 
happy miser,  a  foolish  scribbler,  a  conceited  dandy,  or  a 
rich  glutton ;  a  general  contempt  for  the  folly  of  men  that 
refuse  to  enjoy  their  present  happiness  in  their  impatient 
struggles  for  something  more.  In  fact,  Horace  treats  vice 
as  folly,  not  so  much  a  thing  to  be  harshly  censured  as  one 
to  be  sharply  ridiculed. 

Juvenal  lived  about  a  century  later,  when  the  seeds  of 
moral  degradation,  sown  long  ago,  had  produced  their 
fruit,  when  the  glory  of  the  empire  had  faded  into  a 
despotic,  self-glorifying  rule,  when  the  practically  un- 
limited power  which,  in  the  hands  of  Augustus,  had  been 
bounded  by  his  own  self-respect  and  the  self-respect  of 
the  nation,  had  crossed  or  leveled  all  such  bounds,  and 
was  used  for  the  gratification  of  the  worst  passions  of  its 
possessors.  Rome  was  full  of  adventurers  from  all  lands, 
anxious  to  acquire  wealth  and  power  by  any  arts;  the  spirit 
of  earnest  devotion  to  the  state  and  to  personal  duty,  which 
had  marked  the  earlier  Romans,  had  given  place  to  self- 
seeking  ;  pride  had  become  vanity,  frugality  had  become 
avarice ;  the  curse  that  attends  unearned  wealth  had  fallen 
upon  the  great  city.  It  was  to  reprove  the  sins  of  such 
an  age  that  Juvenal  wrote.  Here  was  no  time  for  pretty 
philosophic  generalities ;  here  was  no  time  to  compose 


INTRODUCTION.  xiii 

poems  on  the  beauty  of  content,  lying  beside  some  gently 
murmuring  stream,  or,  crowned  with  roses,  sipping  Faler- 
nian  wine  amid  a  company  of  pleasant  friends ;  here  was 
no  time  to  laugh  at  vice,  to  say  what  foolish  fellows  bad 
men  were.  No ;  here  was  a  time  for  fierce  invective,  for 
denunciation  like  that  of  the  Hebrew  prophets ;  here  was 
a  time  to  cry  out  that  sin  was  the  death  of  all  that  was 
good  and  fair  in  family  and  state.  Here  was  room  for 
contempt  indeed,  but  a  contempt  too  deep  and  bitter  for 
a  laugh.  And  Juvenal  has  this  contempt,  a  contempt 
tinged  with  despair,  for  he  loved  Rome,  the  ideal  Rome, 
the  Rome  of  the  republic,  when  patriotism  ruled  in  the 
Forum  and  family  affection  in  the  home ;  and  it  was  a 
sense  of  this  terrible  change,  the  sure  sign  of  approaching 
dissolution,  that  gave  to  the  lash  of  Juvenal  its  severest 
sting.  "Facit  indignatio  versum" 


DATES   OF  THE   ROMAN  EMPERORS. 


Augustus  . 
Tiberius     . 
Caligula     . 
Claudius    . 
Nero  . 
Galba 
Otho. 

Vitellius    .        . 
Vespasian  . 
Titus. 
Domitian  . 
Nerva        . 
Trajan 
Hadrian    . 
Antoninus  Pins 
Marcus  Aurelius 


.  27  B.  C.-14  A.  D. 

14-37  A.  D. 

37-41  A.  D. 

41-54  A.  D. 

54-68  A.  D. 

68-69  A.  D. 

69  A.  D. 

69  A.  D. 

69-79  A.  D. 

79-81  A.  D. 

81-96  A.  D. 

96-98  A.  D. 

98-117  A.  D. 

.       117-138  A.  D. 

.       138-161  A.  D. 

161-180  A.  D. 


DATES   OF   ROMAN  WRITERS. 


Plautus  . 

Ennius   . 

Terence  . 

Lucilius  . 

Varro 

Cicero     . 

Lucretius 

Catullus 

Vergil     . 

Horace   . 

Livy 

Ovid 

Persius    . 

Petronius 

Quintilian 

Martial    . 

Tacitus  . 

Juvenal  . 

Statius    . 

Pliny  the  Younger. 

Suetonius 

Apuleius          .         . 


254-184  B.  c. 

239-169  B.  c. 

185-159  B.  c. 

148-103  B.  c. 

116-28  B.  c. 

106-43  B.  c. 

98-55  B.  c. 

.      87(?)-54B.  c. 

70-19  B.  c. 

65-8  B.  c. 

.   59  B.  G.-17  A.  D. 

.    43  B.  C.-17  A.  D. 

34-62  A.  D. 

(?)-66A.  D. 

35-95  A.  D. 

43-103  A.  D. 

54-118  A.  D. 

54(?)-134  (?)  A.  D. 

61-98  A.  D. 
62-113  A.  D. 
75-160  A.  D. 

114-(?)  A.  D. 


P,  codex  Montepcssulanus  125  olim  Pithoeanus. 
J9,  codicis  Pithoeani  manus  emendatrix. 
S,  scholiorum  lectio  aut  ex  scholiis  ducta. 
o>,  codices  reliqui  omnes  aut  multi. 
s,  codicum  reliquoruin  pars. 


The  Appian  Way. 
\ 

SATURA  I. 

SEMPER  ego  auditor  tantum  ?  nuraquarane  reponam, 
Vexatus  totiens  rauci  Theseide  Cordi  ? 
Inpune  ergo  mihi  recitaverit  ille  togatas, 
Hie  elegos  ?  inpune  diem  consumpserit  ingens 
Telephus  aut  summi  plena  iam  margine  libri  5 

Scriptus  et  in  tergo  necdum  finitus  Orestes  ? 
Nota  magis  nulli  domus  est  sua,  quam  mihi  lucus 
Martis  et  Aeoliis  vicinum  rupibus  antrum 
Vulcani.     Quid  agant  venti,  quas  torqueat  umbras 
Aeacus,  unde  alius  furtivae  devehat  aurum  10 

Pelliculae,  quantus  iaculetur  Monychus  ornos, 
Frontonis  platani  convulsaque  marmora  clamant 

2.  Cordi  PS,  Codri  pt». 


2  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Semper  et  adsiduo  ruptae  lectore  columnae. 

Expectes  eadem  a  summo  minimoque  poeta. 

Et  nos  ergo  manum  ferulae  subduximus,  et  nos  15 

Consilium  dedimus  Sullae,  privatus  ut  altum 

Dormiret.     Stulta  est  dementia,  cum  tot  ubique 

Vatibus  occurras,  periturae  parcere  chartae. 

Cur  tamen  hoc  potius  libeat  decurrere  campo, 

Per  quern  magnus  equos  Auruncae  flexit  alumnus,          20 

Si  vacat  ac  placidi  rationem  admittitis,  edam.  21 

Patricios  omnis  opibus  cum  provocet  unus,  w 

Quo  tondente  gravis  iuveni  mihi  barba  sonabat ;  25 

Cum  pars  Niliacae  plebis,  cum  verna  Canopi 

Crispinus,  Tyrias  umero  revocante  lacernas, 

Ventilet  aestivum  digitis  sudantibus  aurum, 

Nee  sufferre  queat  maioris  pondera  gemmae : 

Difficile  est  saturam  non  scribere.     Nam  quis  iniquae    30 

Tarn  patiens  urbis,  tarn  ferreus,  ut  teneat  se, 

Causidici  nova  cum  veniat  lectica  Mathonis 

Plena  ipso,  post  hunc  magni  delator  amici 

Et  cito  rapturus  de  nobilitate  comesa 

Quod  superest,  quern  Massa  timet,  quern  munere  palpat  35 

Cams  et  a  trepido  Thymele  summissa  Latino  ?  35 

Quid  referam,  quanta  siccum  iecur  ardeat  ira,  45 

Cum  populum  gregibus  comitum  premit  hie  spoliator 

Pupilli  prostantis,  et  hie  damnatus  inani 

Indicio — quid  enim  salvis  infamia  nummis? 

Exul  ab  octava  Marius  bibit  et  fruitur  dis 

Iratis ;  at  tu  victrix  provincia  ploras !  50 

Haec  ego  non  credam  Venusina  digna  lucerna? 

Haec  ego  non  agitem  ?  sed  quid  magis  ?  Heracleas, 

Aut  Diomedeas,  aut  mugitum  labyrinth! 

46.  premat  j.    47.  at  pu>. 


SATURA  1.  3 

Et  mare  percussum  puero  fabrumque  volantem,  54 

Cum  fas  esse  putet  curam  sperare  cohortis,  ts 

Qui  bona  donavit  praesepibus  et  caret  omni 

Maiorum  ceusu,  dum  pervolat  axe  citato  60 

Flaminiam  puer  Automedon?  nam  lora  tenebat 

Ipse,  lacernatae  cum  se  iactaret  amicae. 

Nonne  Ijbet  medio  ceras  implere  ciipaces 

X  IT 

Quadruyip,  cum  iam  sexta  cervice  feratur, 

Hinc  atque  inde)  patens  ac  nuda  paene  cathedra  65 

Et  multum  referens  de  Maecenate  supino, 

Signator  falso,  qui  se  lautum  atque  beatum 

Exiguis  tabulis  et  gemma  fecerit  uda  ? 

Occurrit  matrona  potens,  quae  molle  Calenum 

Porrectura  viro  miscet  sitienlte  rubetam,  70 

. 
Instituitque  rudes  nielior  Lucusta  propinquas 

Per  famam  et  populum  nigros  efferre  maritos. 
Aude  aliquid  brevibus  Gyaris  et  carcere  dignum, 
Si  vis  esse  aliquid.     Propiiaa  luudatur  et  alget, 
Criminibus  debent  hortos,  praetoria,  mensas,  75 

Argentum  vetiis  et  stantem  extra  pocula  caprum.  7« 

Si  natura  negat,  facit  indignatio  versum,  7» 

Qualemoumque  potest,  quales  ego  vel  Cluvienus.  80 

Ex  quo  Deucalion  nimbis  tollentibus  aequor 
Navigio  rnontem  ascendit  sortesque  poposcit, 
Paulatimque  anima  caluerunt  mollia  saxa,  ss 

Quidquid  agunt  homines,  votum,  timor,  ira,  voluptas,     85 
Gaudia,  discursus,  nostri  farrago  libelli  est. 
Et  quando  uberior  vitiorum  copia?  quando 
Maior  avaritiae  patuit  sinus  ?  alea  quando 
Hos  animos?  neque  enim  loculis  comitantibus  itur 

67.  signato  falso  ffadmg.     68.  fecerit  »SW,  fecerat  P.     69.  occurrat 
Heinrich.     70.  rubeta  P.     74.  aliquis  i.     86.  timor  add.  p. 


4  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Ad  casum  tabulae,  posita  srd  luditur  area.  90 

Proelia  quanta  illic  disprnsatnre  videbis 
Armigero!  siinplexne  furor  sestertia  centum 
Perdere  et  liorrenti  tunicam  non  reddere  servo  ? 
Quis  totidem  erexit  villas,  quis  fercula  septem 
Secreto  cenavit  avus  ?  nunc  sportula  primo  95 

Limine  parva  sedet,  turbae  rapienda  togatae. 
Ille  tamen  faciem  pr^iuSj  inspicit  et  trepidat,  ne 
Suppositus  venias  ac  fajso  nomine  poscas. 
Agnitus  accipies ;  iubet  a  praecone  vocari 
Ipsos  Troiugenas — nam  vexant  limen  et  ipsi  100 

Nobiscum — "  Da  praetori,  da  deinde  tribune ! " 
Sed  libertinus  .prior  est :  "  Prior,"  inquit,  "  ego  adsum  ; 
Cur  timeam  dubitemve  locum  defendere,  quamvis 
Natus  ad  Euphraten,  molles  quod  in  aure  fenestrae 
Arguerint,  licet  ipse  negem  ?  sed  quinque  tabernae       105 
Quadringenta  parant ;  quid  confert  purpura  maior 
Optandum,  si  Laurenti  custodit  in  agro 
Conductas  Corvinus  oves,  ego  possideo  plus 
Pallante  et  Licinis  ?  " — Expectent  ergo  tribuni, 
Vincant  divitiae,  sacro  ne  cedat  honori,  110 

•  Nuper  in  hanc  urbem  pedibus  qui  venerat  albis, 
Quandoquidem  inter  nos  sanctissima  divitiarum 
Maiestas,  etsi  funesta  Pecunia  templo 
Nondum  habitat,  nullas  nummorum  ereximus  aras, 
Ut  colitur  Pax  atque  Fides,  Victoria,  Virtus,  115 

Quaeque  salutato  crepitat  Concordia  nido. 

Sed  cum  summits  honor  finite  computet  anno 
Sportula  quid  referat,  quantum  rationibus  addat, 
Quid  facient  comites,  quibus  hinc  toga,  calceus  hinc  est 
Et  panis  f  umusque  domi  ?  Densissima  centum  120 

106.  purpura  Sp<*,  purpurae  P.     114.  habitas  p. 


SATUKA  L  5 

Quadrantes  lectica  petit,  sequiturque  maritum   " 

Languida  vel  praegnans  et  circumducitur  uxor. 

Hie  petit  absenti,  nota  iam  callidus  arte, 

Ostendens  vacuam  et  clausam  pro  coniuge  sellam. 

"  Galla  mea  est,"  inquit,  "  citius  dimitte ;  moraris  ?       125 

Prefer,  Galla,  caput!  noli  vexare,  quiescet."  ~ 

Ipse  dies  pulchro  distinguitur  ordine  rerum : 

Sportula,  deinde  forum  iurisque  peritus  Apollo 

Atque  triumphales,  inter  quas  ausus  habere 

Nescio  quis  titulos  Aegyptius  atque  Arabarches.  130 

Vestibulis  abeunt  veteres  lassique  clientes  132 

Votaque  deponunt,  quamquam  longissima  cenae 

Spes  homini ;  caulis  miseris  atque  ignis  emendus. 

Optima  silvarum  interea  pelagique  vorabit  135 

Rex  horum,  vacuisque  toris  tantum  ipse  iacebit. 

Nam  de  tot  pulchris  et  latis  orbibus  et  tam 

Antiquis  una  comedunt  patrinionia  mensa. 

Nullus  iam  parasitus  erit.     Sed  quis  ferat  istas 

Luxuriae  sordes  ?  quanta  est  gula,  quae  sibi  totos          140 

Ponit  apros,  animal  propter  convivia  natum  ! 

Poena  tamen  praesens,  cum  tu  deponis  amictus 

Turgidus  et  crudum  pavonem  in  balnea  portas. 

Hinc  subitae  mortes  atque  intestata  senectus ; 

Et  nova,  nee  tristis,  per  cunctas  fabula  cenas ;  145 

Ducitur  iratis  plaudendum  funus  amicis. 

Nil  erit  ulterius  quod  nostris  moribus  addat 
Posteritas ;  eadem  facient  cupientque  minores. 
Omne  in  praecipiti  vitium  stetit ;  utere  velis, 
Totos  pande  sinus !     Dices  hie  forsitan  :  "  Unde  150 

Ingenium  par  materiae?  unde  ilia  priorum 

126.  quiescet  F,  quiescit  pw.     143.  crudum  p,  crudus  P.     144.  in- 
festata  Madviy.     150.  dices  P,  dicas/>o>. 


6  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Scribendi  quodcumque  unimo  flagrante  liberet 

Simplicitas,  '  cuius  nou  audeo  dicere  nomen  ? 

Quid  refert,  dictis  ignoscat  Mucius  an  non?' 

Pone  Tigellinum :  taeda  lucebis  in  ilia,  155 

Qua  stantes  ardent,  qui  fixo  pectore  fumant, 

Et  latum  media  sulcum  deducis  harena." 

Qui  dedit  ergo  tribus  patruis  aconita,  vehatur 

Pensilibus  plumis  atque  illinc  despiciet  nos  ? 

"  Cum  veniet  contra,  digito  compesce  labellum  :  160 

Accusator  erit  qui  verbum  dixerit :  '  hie  est.' 

Securus  licet  Aenean  Rutulumque  ferocem 

Committas,  nulli  gravis  est  percussus  Achilles 

Aut  multum  quaesitus  Hylas  urnamque  secutus; 

Ense  velut  stricto  quotiens  Lucilius  ardens  165 

Iniremuit,  rubet  auditor,  cui  frigida  mens  est 

Criminibus,  tacita  sudant  praecordia  culpa. 

Inde  irae  et  lacrimae.     Tecum_prius  ergo  voluta 

Haec  animo  ante  tubas ;  galeatum  sero  duelli 

Paenitet."    Experiar  quid'concedatur  in  illos,  170 

Quorum  Flaminia  tegitur  cinis  atque  Latina. 

166.  pectore  P,  gutture  pv.  157.  deducis  pu>,  deducit  P.  169. 
despiciaet  P,  despiciat  j.  161.  versum  P,  verum  pte.  169.  animo  ante 
tubas  codd.  Prise.,  animante  tuba  p,  anime  ante  tubas  Valla.  171. 
legitur  P. 


The  Campagna. 


SATURA  III. 


QUAMVIS  digressu  veteris  confusus  amici, 

Laudo  tamen,  vacuis  quod  sedem  figere  Cumis 

Destinet  atque 

lanua  Baiarum 

Secessiis.     Ego  vel  Prochytarn  praepono  Suburae ;  5 

Nam  quid  tarn  miserum,  tarn  solum  vidimus,  ut  non 


unum  civem  clonare  Sihyllac. 

i  est  et'gratum  litus  amoi-ni 
& 


Deterius  credas  horrere  incendia,  lapsus 
Tectorum  adsiduos  ac  mille  pericula  saevae 
Urbis  et  Augusto  recitantes  mouse  poctas? 
Sed  dum  tota  domus  raeda  compouitur  una, 
Substitit  ad  veteres  arcus  madidmnque  Capenam. 
Hie,  ubi  nocturnae  Numa  consntuebat  amicae, 
Nuno  sacri  fontis  nemus  et  delubra  locantur 
ludaeis,  ((iiorum  eophiuus  facnuiii(|uc  snpollex; 
Omnis  enim  populo  mcrccdom  ^u-ndcrc.  iussa  est 
Arbor,  et  eiectis  mondicat  silva  Caincnis ; 
In  vallem  Egeriae  descendimus  ct  spcluncas 
Dissimiles  veris :  quanto  praeaentius  esset 


10 


15 


8  D.  IUN.  1UVENALIS 

i 

Numen  aquis,  viridi  si  margine  cluderet  undas 
Herba  nee  in'genuum  violarent  marmora  tofum !  20 

Hie  tune  Umbricius  :  "  Quando  artibus,"  inquit,  "hohestis 
Nullus  in  urbe  locus,  nulla  emolumenta  laborum, 
Res  hodie  minor  est,  here  quam  fuit,  atque  eadem  eras 
Deteret  exiguis  uliquid  ;  proponimus  illuc 
Ire,  fatigatas  ubi  Daedalus  exuit  alas.  25 

Dum  nova'canities,  dum  prima  et  recta  senectus, 
Dum  superest  Lachesi  quod  torqueat,  et  pedibus  me 
Porto  meis,  nullo  dextram  subeunte  bacillo ; 

IfTi 

Cedamus  patria:  vivant  Artonus  istic 

Et  Catulus ;  maneant,  qui  nigrum  in  Candida  vertunt,  30 

Quis  facile  est  aedem  conducere,  flumina,  portus, 

Siccandam  eluviem,  portandum  ad  busta  cadaver, 

Et  praebere  caput  domina  venale  sub  hasta. 

Quondam  hi  cornicines  et  municipalis  harenae 

Perpetui  comites  notaeque  per  oppida  buccae  35 

Munera  iiunc  edunt,  et  versso  pollice  vulgus 

Quern  iubet  occidunt  populariter ;  inde  reversi 

Conducunt  foricas  ;  et  cur  non  omnia?  cum  sint, 

Quales  ex  humili  magna  ad  fastigia  rerum 

Extollit,  quotiens  voluit  Fortuna  iocari.  40 

Quid  Romae  faciam  ?  mentiri  nescio ;"  librum, 

Si  mains  est,  nequeo  laudare  et  poscere ;  motus 

Astrorum  ignore ;  f  unus  promittere  patris 

Nee  volo  nee  possum ;  ranarum  viscera  numquam 

Inspexi ;  45 

me  nemo  ministro 

Fur  erit,  atque  ideo  nulli  comes  exeo,  tamquam 
Mancus  et  exstinctae,  corpus  non  utile,  dextrae. 

19.  aque  pa>.    37.  quern  p<a,  qum  P,  cum  j.    48  exstinctae — dextrae 
Pa,  exstincta — dcxtra  Eremita. 


SATURA  III.  9 

Quis  nunc  diligitur,  nisi  conscius,  et  cui  fervens 

Aestuat  occultis  'animus  semperque  tacendis?  50 

Nil  tibi  se  debere  putat,  nil  cohferet  umquara, 

Participem  qui  te  secreti  fecit  honesti ; 

Carus  erit  Verri,  rnii  Verrem  tempore  quo  vult 

Accusare  potest.   (Tanti  tibi  non  sit  opaci 

Omnis  harena  Tagi  quodque  in  mare  volvitur  aurum,     55 

Ut  somno  careas  ponendaque  praemia  sumas 

Tristis  et  a  magno  semper  timearis  amico. 

Quae  nunc  divitibus  gens  acceptissima  nostris, 
Et  quos  pfaecipue  fugiam,  properabo  fateri, 
Nee  pudor  opstabit.     Non  possum  ferre,  Quirites,  60 

Graecam  urbem  ;  quamvis  quota  portio  faecis  Acbaei ! 
lam  pridem  Syrus  in  Tiberim  defluxit  Orontes, 
Et  linguam  et  mores  et  cum  tibioine  chordas 
Obliquas  nee  non  gentilia  tympana  secum 
Vexit.  65 

Rusticus  ille  tuus  sumit  trechedipna,  Quirine,  e? 

Et  ceromatico  fort  niceteria  collo  ! 
Hie  alta  Sicyone,  ast  hio  Amydone  relicta, 
Hie  Andro,  ille  Samo,  hie  Trallibus  aut  Alabandis,        70 
Escjuilias  dictumque  petunt  a  vimine  collem, 
Viscera  magharum  domuum  dominique  futuri. 
Ingenium  velox,  audacia  perdita,  serum 
Promptus  et  Isaeo  Wrentior.     Kdc  quid  ilium 
Esse  putes.     Quemvis  hominem  secum  uttulit  ad  nos:   75 
Grammaticus,  rhetor,  geometres,  pictor,  aliptes, 
Augur,  Bcnoenopates,  medicus,  magus:  omnia  novit 
Graeculus  esuriciis;  in  caelum  miscris,  ibit, 
In  summa,  non  Maurus  erat  neque  Sarmata  nee  Thrax, 
Qui  sumpsit  pinnas,  mediis  sed  natus  Athenis.  80 

78.  miseris  Aroviensis,  iusscris  pa,  —  scris  P. 


10  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Horum  ego  non  fugiam  cdnrhvlia?  me  prior  ille 
Signabit  I'ultusque  toro  meliore  recumBet, 
Advectus  Romam  quo  pruna  et  cottona  vento? 
Usque  adeo  nihil  est,  quod  nostra  infantia  caelum 

T.  1 

Hausit  Aventini,  baca  nutrita  Sabma  ?  85 

Quid  quod  adulandi  gens  prudentissima  laudat 

Sermonein  indocti,  faciem  deformis  amici, 

Et  longum  invalidi  collum  cervicibus  aequat 

Herculis  Antaeum  procul  a  tellure  teuentis?  89 

Haec  eadem  licet  et  nobis  laud  are ;  sed  illis  w 

Creditur. 

Nee  tamen  Antiochus  nee  erit  mirabilis  illic  «s 

Aut  Stratocles  aut  cum  molli  Demetrius  Haemo : 

Natio  comoeda  est.     Rides,  maiore  cachinno  <~~  100 

Concutitur ;  flet,  si  lacrimas  conspexit  amici, 

Nrc  dolet;  ignieuluin  brumae  si  tempore  poscas, 

Accipit  endromidem ;  si  dixeris,  "  Aestuo,"  sudat. 

Non  simius  ergo  pares :  melior,  qui  semper  et  omni 

Nocte  dieque  potest  aliena  sumere  vultum  105 

A  facie,  iactare  manus,  laudare  paratus.  ioe 

Scire  volunt  secreta  domus  atque  hide  timeri.  us 

Et  quoniam  coepit  Graecorum  mentio,  transi 

Gymnasia  atque  audi  f acinus  maioris  abollae :  115 

Stoicus  occidit  Baream  delator,  amicum 

Discipulumque  senex  ripa  nutritus  in  ilia, 

Ad  quam  Gorgonei  delapsa  est  pinna  caballi. 

Non  est  Romano  cuiquam  locus  hie,  ubi  regnat 

Protogenes  aliquis  vel  Diphilus  aut  Hermarchus,          120 

Qui  gentis  vitio  numquam  partitur  amicum, 

Solus  habet ;  nam  cum  facilem  stillavit  in  aurem 

Exiguum  de  naturae  patriaeque  veneno, 

104.  damnarnt  -Iahn,  omni  Pv,  oranis  Weidner.     113.  delebat  Pinzger. 


SATURA  III.  11 

Limine  summoveor,  perierunt  tempora  longi 

Servitii ;  nusquam  minor  est  iactura  olientis.  125 

Quod  porro  officium,  ne  nobis  bland iar,  aut  quod 
Pauperis  hie  meritum,  si  curet  nocte  togatus 
Currere,  cum  praetor  lictorem  impellat  et  ire 
Praecipitem  iubeat,  dudum  vigilantibus  orbis, 
Ne  prior  Albinam  et  Modiam  collega  salutet?  130 

Da  testem  Romae  tarn  sanctum,  quam  fuit  hospes          137 
Numinis  Idaei,  procedat  vel  Numa  vel  qui 
Servavit  trepidam  flagranti  ex  aede  Minervam  : 
Protinus  ad  censum  ;  de  moribus  ultima  fiet  140 

Quaestio  :  '  Quot  pascit  servos  ?  quot  possidet  agri 
lugera  ?  quam  multa  magnaque  paropside  cenat?' 
Quantum  quisque  sua  nummorum  servat  in  area, 
Tan  turn  habet  et  fidei ;  iures  licet  et  Samothracum 
Et  nostrorum  aras,  contemhere  fulmina  pauper  145 

Creditur  atque  deos,  dis  ignoscentibus  ipsis. 
Quid  quod  materiam  praebet  causasque  iocorum 
Omnibus  hie  idem,  si  foeda  et  scissa  lacerna, 
Si  toga  sordidula  est  et  rupta  calceus  alter 
Pelle  patet,  vel  si  consuto  vulnere  crassum  150 

Atque  recens  linum  ostendit  non  una  cicatrix  ? 
Nil  habet  infelix  paupertas  durius  in  se, 
Quam  quod  ridicules  homines  facit.     '  Exeat,'  inquit, 
'  Si  pudor  est,  et  de  pulvino  surgat  equestri, 
Cuius  res  legi  non  sufficit ;  155 

Hie  plaudat  nitidi  praeconis  filius  inter  IB? 

Pinnirapi  cultos  iuvenes  iuvenesque  lanistae.' 
Sic  libitum  vano,  qui  nos  distinxit,  Othoni. 
Quis  gener  hie  placuit  censu  minor  atque  puellae          100 

130.  ne  JDW,  nee  P.     141.  agri  p«,  agros  P.     142.  iugera  om.  P. 
add.  pw. 


12  D.  IUN.  1UVENALIS 

Sarcinulis  inpar  ?  quis  pauper  scribitur  heres  ? 
Quando  in  consilio  est  aedilibus  ?  agmine  facto 
Debuerant  olim  tenues  migrasse  Quirites. 
Haud  facile  emergunt,  quorum  virtutibus  obstat 
Res  angusta  domi ;  sed  Romae  durior  illis  165 

Conatus  :  magno  hospitium  miserabile,  magno 
Servorum  ventres,  et  frugi  cenula  magno. 
Fictilibus  cenare  pudet,  quod  turpe  negabis 
Translatus  subito  ad  Marsos  mensamque  Sabellam 
Contentusque  illic  Veneto  duroque  cucullo.  170 

Pars  magna  Italiae  est,  si  verum  admittimus,  in  qua 
Nemo  togam  sumit,  nisi  mortuus.     Ipsa  dierum 
Festorum  herboso  colitur  si  quando  theatre 
Maiestas,  tandemque  redit  ad  pulpita  notum 
Exodium,  cum  personae  pallentis  hiatum  175 

In  gremio  matris  formidat  rusticus  infans : 
Aequales  habitus  illic  similesque  videbis 
Orchestram  et  populum ;  clari  velamen  honoris 
Sufficiunt  tunicae  summis  aedilibus  albae. 
Hie  ultra  vires  habitus  nitor ;  hie  aliquid  plus  180 

Quam  satis  est  interdum  aliena  sumitur  area. 
Commune  id  vitium  est ;  hie  vivimus  ambitiosa 
Paupertate  onmes ;  quid  te  moror  ?  omnia  Romae 
Cum  pretio.     Quid  das,  ut  Cossum  aliquando  salutes  ? 
Ut  te  respiciat  clauso  Veiento  labello  ?  185 

Ille  metit  barbam,  crinem  hie  deponit  amati : 
Plena  domus  libis  venalibus ;  accipe  et  istud 
Fermentum  tibi  habe :  praestare  tributa  clientes 
Cogimur  et  cultis  augere  peculia  servis. 
Quis  timet  aut  timuit  gelida  Praeneste  ruinam,         190 

164.  emergunt  />«,'  mergunt  P.     168.  negabis    Valerius,  necabis  Pt 
negavit  «.     186.  deponit,  amati  Franckt.     187.  libis  j,  libris  P. 


SATURA  III.  13 

Aut  positis  nemorosa  inter  iuga  Volsiniis,  aut 

Simplicibus  Gabiis,  aut  proni  Tiburis  arce? 

Nos  urbem  colimus  tenui  tibicine  fultam 

Magna  parte  sui ;  nam  sic  labentibus  obstat 

Vilicus  et,  veteris  rimae  cum  texit  hiatum,  195 

Secures  pendente  iubet  dormire  ruina.     ' 

Vivendum  est  illic,  ubi  nulla  incendia,  nulli 

Nocte  metus.     lam  poscit  aquam,  iam  frivola  transfert 

Ucalegon,  tabulata  tibi  iam  tertia  fumant : 

Tu  nescis ;  nam  si  gradibus  trepidatur  ab  imis,  200 

Ultimus  ardebit,  quern  tegula  sola  tuetur 

A  pluvia,  molles  ubi  reddunt  ova  columbae. 

Lectus  erat  Codro  Procula  minor,  urceoli  sex, 

Ornamentum  abaci,  nee  non  et  parvulus  infra 

Cantharus  et  recubans  sub  eodem  marmore  Chiro,        205 

lamque  vetus  Graecos  servabat  cista  libellos, 

Et  divina  opici  rodebant  carmina  mures. 

Nil  habuit  Codrus ;  quis  enim  negat  ?  et  tamen  illud 

Perdidit  infelix  totum  nihil :  ultimus  autem 

Aerumnae  est  cumulus,  quod  nudtim  et  frusta  rogantem  210 

Nemo  cibo,  nemo  hospitio  tectoque  iuvabit. 

Si  magna  Asturici  cecidit  domus,  horrida  mater, 

Pullati  proceres,  differt  vadimonia  praetor ; 

Tune  gemimus  casus  urbis,  tune  odimus  ignem. 

Ardet  adhuc,  et  iam  acourrit  qui  marmora  donet,          215 

Conferat  impensas :  hie  nuda  et  Candida  signa, 

Hie  aliquid  praeclarum  Euphranoris  et  Polycliti, 

Phaecasiatorum  vetera  ornamenta  deorum, 

Hie  libros  dabit  et  forulos  mediamque  Minervam, 

Hie  modium  argenti ;  meliora  ac  plura  reponit  220 


203.  Codro— sex  om.  P.  add.  p.     210.  frusta  j,  frustra  PS.     218. 
Phaecasiatorum  Roth,  haec  Asianorum  PS,  fecasianorum  pet. 


14  D.  1UN.  1UVENALIS 

Persicus  orborum  lautissimus  et  merito  iam 

Suspectus,  tamquam  ipse  suas  incenderit  aedes. 

Si  potes  avelli  circensibus,  optima  Sorae 

Aut  Fabrateriae  domus  aut  Frusinone  paratur, 

Quanti  nunc  tenebras  unum  conducis  in  annum.  225 

Hortulus  hie  puteusque  brevis  uec  reste  movendus 

In  tenuis  plantas  facili  diffunditur  haustu. 

Vive  bidentis  amans  et  culti  vilicus  horti, 

Unde  epulum  possis  centum  dare  Pythagoreis. 

Est  aliquid,  quocumque  loco,  quocumque  recessu,          230 

Unius  sese  dominum  fecisse  lacertae. 

Plurimus  hie  aeger  moritur  vigilando ;  sed  ipsum 
Languorem  peperit  cibus  inperfectus  et  haerens 
Ardenti  stomacho ;  nam  quae  meritoria  somnum 
Admittunt  ?  magnis  opibus  dormitur  in  urbe.  235 

Inde  caput  morbi.     Raedarum  transitus  arto 
Vicorum  inflexu  et  stantis  convicia  mandrae 
Eripient  somnum  Druso  vitulisque  marinis. 
Si  vocat  officium,  turba  cedente  vehetur 
Dives  et  ingenti  curret  super  ora  Liburno,  240 

Atque  obiter  leget  aut  scribet  vel  dormiet  intus ; 
Namque  facit  somnum  clausa  lectica  fenestra. 
Ante  tamen  veniet :  nobis  properantibus  obstat 
Unda  prior,  magno  populus  premit  agrnine  lumbos, 
Qui  sequitur ;  ferit  hie  cubito,  ferit  assere  duro  245 

Alter,  at  hie  tignum  capiti  incutit,  ille  metretam. 
Pinguia  crura  Into,  planta  mox  undique  magna 
Calcor,  et  in  digito  clavus  mihi  militis  haeret.    < 
Nonne  vides,  quanto  celebretur  sportula  f umo  ? 
Centum  convivae,  sequitur  sua  quemque  culina.  250 

Corbulo  vix  ferret  tot  vasa  ingentia,  tot  res 

227.  diffunditur  «,  defunditur  P.     240.  liburno  Pu,  Hburna  S. 


SATURA  III.  15 

Inpositas  capiti,  quas  recto  vertice  portat 
Servulus  infelix  et  cursu  ventilat  ignem. 
Scinduntur  tunicae  sartae  modo ;  longa  coruscat 
Serraco  veniente  abies,  atque  altera  pinum  255 

Plaustra  vehunt ;  nutant  alte  populoque  minantur. 
Nam  si  procubuit,  qui  saxa  Ligustica  portat 
Axis,  et  eversum  f  udit  super  agmina  montem, 
Quid  superest  e  corporibus  ?  quis  membra,  quis  ossa 
Invenit  ?  obtritum  vulgi  perit  orime  cadaver  260 

More  animae.     Domus  interea  secura  patellas 
lam  lavat  et  bucca  foculum  excitat  et  sonat  unctis 
Striglibus  et  pleno  componit  lintea  guto  ! 
Haec  inter  pueros  varie  properantur,  at  ille 
lam  sedet  in  ripa  taetrumque  novicius  horret  265 

Forth  mea,  nee  sperat  caenosi  gurgitis  alnum 
Infelix,  nee  habet  quern  porrigat  ore  trientem. 
Respice  nunc  alia  ac  diversa  pericula  noctis  : 
Quod  spatium  tectis  sublimibus,  unde  cerebrum 
Testa  ferit,  quotiens  rimosa  et  curta  fenestris  270 

Vasa  cadant,  quanto  percussum  pondere  signent 
Et  laedant  silicem.     Possis  ignavus  haberi 
Et  subiti  casus  inprovidus,  ad  cenam  si 
Intestatus  eas ;  adeo  tot  fata,  quot  ilia 
Nocte  patent  vigiles  te  praetereunte  fenestrae.  275 

Ergo  optes  votumque  feras  miserabile  tecum, 
Ut  sint  contentae  patulas  defundere  pelves. 
Ebrius  ac  petulans,  qui  nullum  forte  cecidit, 
Dat  poenas,  noctem  patitnr  lugentis  amicum 
Pelidae,  cubat  in  faciem,  mox  deinde  supinus.  280 

Ergo  non  aliter  poterit  dormire?     Quibusdam 
Somnum  rixa  facit :  sed  quamvis  inprobus  annis 

259    e  P,  de  />«.     281.  ddebai  ffeinecke. 

U 


16  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Atque  mero  fervens  cavet  hunc,  quern  coccina  laena 

Vitari  iubet  et  comitum  longissimus  ordo, 

Multum  praeterea  flammarum  et  aheuea  larapas;          285 

Me,  quern  lima  solet  deducere  vel  breve  lumen 

Candelae,  cuius  dispense  et  tempero  filum, 

Contemnit.     Miserae  cognosce  prooemia  rixae, 

Si  rixa  est,  ubi  tu  pulsas,  ego  vapulo  tantum. 

Stat  contra  starique  iubet :  parere  necesse  est ;  290 

Nam  quid  agas,  cum  te  furiosus  cogat  et  idem 

Fortior  ?    '  Unde  venis  ? '  exclamat ;  '  cuius  aceto, 

Cuius  conche  tumes  ?  quis  tecum  sectile  porrum 

Sutor  et  elixi  vervecis  labra  comedit  ? 

Nil  mihi  respondes  ?  aut  die  aut  accipe  calcem !  295 

Ede  ubi  consistas ;  in  qua  te  quaero  proseucha  ? ' 

Dicere  si  temptes  aliquid  tacitusve  recedas, 

Tantundem  est :  feriunt  pariter,  vadimonia  deinde 

Irati  faciunt ;  libertas  pauperis  haec  est : 

Pulsatus  rogat  et  pugnis  concisus  adorat,  300 

Ut  liceat  paucis  cum  dentibus  inde  reverti.    ^Ssf 

Nee  tamen  haec  tantum  metuas;  nam  qui  spoliet  te 

Non  derit,  clausis  domibus  postquam  omnis  ubique 

Fixa  catenatae  siluit  compago  tabernae. 

Interdum  et  ferro  subitus  grassator  agit  rem :  305 

Armato  quotiens  tutae  custode  tenentur 

Et  Pomptina  palus  et  Gallinaria  pinus, 

Sic  inde  hue  omnes  tamquam  ad  vivaria  currunt. 

Qua  fornace  graves,  qua  non  incude  catenae  ? 

Maximus  in  vinclis  ferri  modus,  ut  timeas  ne  310 

Vomer  deficiat,  ne  marrae  et  sarcula  desint. 

Felices  proavorum  atavos,  felicia  dicas 

Saecula,  quae  quondam  sub  regibus  atque  tribunis 

296  ante  295  posuit  Pinzger.     804.  catenaestluit  turn  ta  super  a  P. 


SATURA  III. 


17 


Viderunt  uno  contentam  carcere  Romam. 

His  alias  poteram  et  pluris  subnectere  causas :  315 

Sed  iumenta  vocant,  et  sol  inclinat ;  eundum  est. 
Nam  mihi  commota  iandudum  mulio  virga 
Adnuit :  ergo  vale  nostri  memor,  et  quotiens  te 
Roma  tuo  refici  properantem  reddet  Aquino, 
Me  quoque  ad  Helvinam  Cererem  vestramque  Dianam  320 
Converte  a  Cumis :  saturarum  ego,  ni  pudet  illas, 
Auditor  gelidos  veniam  caligatus  in  agros." 

322.  auditor  P,  adiutor  pu>. 


Domitiati. 


Coin  of  Domitian. 


SATTJRA  IV. 

CUM  iam  semianimum  laceraret  Flavius  orbem  37 

Ultimus,  et  calvo  serviret  Roma  Neroni, 
Incidit  Adriaci  spatium  admirabile  rhombi 
Ante  domum  Veneris,  .quam  Dorica  sustinet  Ancon,      40 
Implevitque  sinus ;  nee  enim  minor  haeserat  illis, 
Quos  operit  glacies  Maeotica  ruptaque  tandem 
Solibus  effundit  torrentis  ad  ostia  Ponti, 
Desidia  tardos  et  longo  frigore  pingues. 
Destinat  hoc  monstrum  cumbae  linique  magister  45 

Pontifici  summo.     Quis  enim  proponere  talem 
Aut  emere  auderet,  cum  plena  et  litora  multo 
Delatore  forent?  dispersi  protinus  algae 
Inquisitores  agerent  cum  remige  nudo, 
Non  dubitaturi  fugitivum  dicere  piscem  50 

Depastumque  diu  vivaria  Caesaris,  inde 
Elapsum  veterem  ad  dominum  debere  reverti. 
Si  quid  Palfurio,  si  credimus  Armillato, 
Q.uidquid  conspicuum  pulchrumque  est  aequore  toto, 
Res  fisci  est,  ubicumque  natat :  donabitur  ergo  55 

41.  implevitque  <S)>«,  implevit  P.     43.  torrentis  &,  torpentis  PS. 


20  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Ne  pereat.     lam  letifero  cedente  pruinis 

Autumno,  iam  quartanam  sperantibus  aegris, 

Stridebat  deformis  hiems  praedamque  recentem 

Servabat :  tamen  hie  properat,  velut  urgueat  Auster. 

Utque  lacus  suberant,  ubi  quamquam  diruta  servat         60 

Ignem  Troianum  et  Vestam  colit  Alba  minorem, 

Obstitit  intrant!  miratrix  turba  parumper ; 

Ut  cessit,  facili  patuerunt  cardine  valvae ; 

Exclusi  spectant  admissa  obsonia  patres. 

Itur  ad  Atriden ;  turn  Picens  :  "  Accipe,"  dixit, "          .  65 

"  Privatis  maiora  f ocis ;  genialis  agatur 

Iste  dies ;  propera  stomach  um  laxare  saginae, 

Et  tua  servatum  consume  in  saecula  rhombum  ; 

Ipse  capi  voluit." — Quid  apertius  ?  et  tamen  illi 

Surgebant  cristae ;  nihil  est  quod  credere  de  se  70 

Non  possit,  cum  laudatur,  dis  aequa  potestas. 

Sed  derat  pisci  patinae  mensura.     Vocantur 

Ergo  in  consilium  proceres,  quos  oderat  ille ; 

In  quorum  facie  miserae  magnaeque  sedebat 

Pallor  amicitiae.     Primus,  clamante  Liburno  75 

"  Currite,  iam  sedit !  "  rapta  properabat  abolla 

Pegasus,  attonitae  positus  modo  vilicus  urbi — 

Anne  aliud  tune  praefecti  ? — quorum  optimus  atque 

Interpres  legum  sanctissimus  omnia,  quamquam 

Temporibus  diris,  tractanda  putabat  inermi  80 

lustitia.     Venit  et  Crispi  iucunda  senectus, 

Cuius  erant  mores  qualis  facundia ;  mite 

Ingenium ;  maria  ac  terras  populosque  regent! 

Quis  comes  utilior,  si  clade  et  peste  sub  ilia 

Saevitiam  damnare  et  honestum  adferre  liceret  85 

67.  saginae  lahn,  saginam  P,  saginis  Spw,  sagittis  S,  sagina  Buechder. 
78.  delebat  Heinrich.     83.  terras  pu,  terra  P,  terram  lahn. 


SATURA  IV.  21 

Consilium?  sed  quid  violentius  aure  tyranni, 

Cum  quo  de  pluviis  aut  aestibus  aut  nimboso 

Vere  locuturi  fatum  pendebat  amici  ? 

Ille  igitur  numquam  direxit  bracchia  contra 

Torrentem,  nee  civis  erat  qui  libera  posset  90 

Verba  animi  proferre  et  vitara  inpendere  vero. 

Sic  multas  hiemes  atque  octogensima  vidit 

Solstitia,  his  armis  ilia  quoque  tutus  in  aula. 

Proximus  eiusdem  properabat  Acilius  aevi 

Cum  iuvene  indigno  quern  mors  tarn  saeva  maneret        95 

Et  domini  gladiis  tarn  festinata ;  sed  olim 

Prodigio  par  est  in  nobilitate  senectus : 

Unde  fit,  ut  malim  fraterculus  esse  Gigantis ! 

Profuit  ergo  nihil  misero,  quod  cornminus  ursos 

Figebat  Numidas  Albana  nudus  harena  100 

Venator ;  quis  enim  iam  non  intellegat  artes 

Patricias?  quis  priscum  illud  miratur  acumen, 

Brute,  tuum  ?  Facile  est  barbato  inponere  regi. 

Nee  melior  vultu,  quamvis  ignobilis,  ibat 

Rubrius,  offensae  veteris  reus  atque  tacendae.  105 

Montani  quoque  venter  adest  abdomine  tardus,  107 

Et  matutino  sudans  Crispinus  amomo, 

Quantum  vix  redolent  duo  f unera ;  saevior  illo 

Pompeius  tenui  iugulos  aperire  susurro,  110 

Et  qui  vulturibus  servabat  viscera  Dacis 

Fuscus,  marmorea  meditatus  proelia  villa, 

Et  cum  mortifero  prudens  Veiento  Catullo,  113 

Grande  et  conspicuum  nostro  quoque  tempore  monstrum ; 

Caecus  adulator  dir usque  a  ponte  satelles,  [115 

Dignus  Aricinos  qui  mendicaret  ad  axes 

Blandaque  devexae  iactaret  basia  raedae. 

97.  in  jiw,  cum  Pithoeus.     116.  dignus  qui  Haupt. 


22  D.   IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Nemo  magis  rhombum  stupuit :  nam  plurima  dixit 

In  laevum  conversus ;  at  illi  dextra  iacebat  .    120 

Belua.     Sic  pugnas  Cilicis  laudabat  et  ictus 

Et  pegma  et  pueros  inde  ad  velaria  raptos. 

Non  cedit  Veiento,  sed  ut  fanaticus  oestro 

Percnssus,  Beliona,  tuo  divinat  et,  "  Ingens 

Omen  habes,"  inquit,  "  magni  clarique  triumphi :          125 

Regem  aliquem  capies,  aut  de  temone  Britanno 

Excidet  Arviragus :  peregrina  est  belua ;  cernis 

Erectas  in  terga  sudes  ?  "f- Hoc  def uit  uuum 

Fabricio,  patriam  ut  rhombi  memoraret  et  annos. — 

"  Quidnam  igitur  censes?  conciditur  ?  " — "  Absit  ab  illo  130 

Dedecus  hoc,"  Montanus  ait ;  "  testa  alta  paretur, 

Quae  tenui  muro  spatiosum  colligat  orbem. 

Debetur  magnus  patinae  subitusque  Prometheus ; 

Argillam  atque  rotam  citius  properate !  sed  ex  hoc 

Tempore  iam,  Caesar,  figuli  tua  castra  sequantur." —    135 

Vicit  digna  viro  sententia  :  noverat  ille 

Luxuriam  imperil  veterem  noctesque  Neronis 

Iam  medias  aliamque  famem,  cum  pulmo  Falerno 

Arderet.     Nulli  maior  fuit  usus  edendi 

Tempestate  mea :  Circeis  nata  forent  an  140 

Lucrinum  ad  saxum  Rutupinove  edita  fundo 

Ostrea,  callebat  primo  deprendere  morsu ; 

Et  semel  aspecti  litus  dicebat  echini. 

Snrgitur,  et  misso  proceres  exire  iubentur 

Consilio,  quos  Albanam  dux  magnus  in  arcem  145 

Traxerat  attonitos  et  festinare  coactos, 

Tamquam  de  Chattis  aliquid  torvisque  Sycambris 

Dicturus,  tamquam  ex  diversis  partibus  orbis 

Anxia  praecipiti  venisset  epistula  pinna. 

148.  ex  Weidner,  ec  Ribbeck,  et  P,  a  j,  om.  w. 


SATURA  IV. 

Atque  utinam  his  potius  nugis  tota  ilia  dedisset 
Tempora  saevitiae,  chiras  quibus  abstulit  urbi 
Inlustresque  animaj  iiipune  et  vindice  nullo  ! 
Sed  periit,  postquam  cerdonibus  esse  timendus 
Coeperat :  hoc  nocuit  Lamiarum  caede  madenti. 


150 


ffiaEffiaft  <fo^y^£W3£W% 


The  Triclinium. 


SATUEA  V. 

Si  te  propositi  nondum  pudet  atque  eadem  est  mens, 

Ut  bona  summa  putes  aliena  vivere  quadra ; 

Si  potes  ilia  pati,  quae  nee  Sarmentus  iniquas 

Caesaris  ad  mensas,  nee  vilis  Gabba  tulisset : 

Quamvis  iurato  metuam  tibi  credere  testi.  5 

Ventre  nihil  novi  f rugalius ;  hoc  tamen  ipsum 

Defecisse  puta,  quod  inani  sufficit  alvo : 

Nulla  crepido  vacat  ?  nusquam  pons  et  tegetis  pars 

Dimidia  brevior  ?  tantine  iniuria  cenae  ? 

Tarn  ieiuna  fames  cum  possit  honestius  illic  10 

Et  tremere  et  sordes  f  arris  mordere  camni  ? 

Primo  fige  loco,  quod  tu  discumbere  iussus 
Mercedem  solidam  veterum  capis  officiorum. 
Fructus  amicitiae  magnae  cibus ;  inputat  hunc  rex 
Et  quamvis  rarum  tamen  inputat.     Ergo  duos  post        15 
Si  libuit  menses  neglectum  adhibere  clientem, 
Tertia  ne  vacuo  cessaret  culcita  lecto : 
"  Una  simus,"  ait     Votorum  summa  !  quid  ultra 


10.  possit  PS,  possis  a>.     17.  ne  p<i>,  nee  P. 


SATU11A   V.  25 

Quaeris?  Habet  Trebius,  propter  quod  rumpere  somnum 

Dfboat  et  ligulas  dimittere,  sollicitus  ne  20 

Tota  salutatrix  iam  turba  peregcrit  orbem 

Sideribus  dubiis  aut  illo  tempore,  quo  se 

Frigida  circumagunt  pigri  serraca  Bootae. 

Qualis  cena  tamen  ?  Vinum,  quod  sucida  nolit 

Lana  pati ;  de  conviva  Corybanta  videbis.  25 

lurgia  proludunt ;  sed  mox  et  pocula  torques 

Saucius  et  rubra  deterges  vulnera  mappa, 

Inter  vos  quotiens  libertorumque  cohortem 

Pugna  Saguntina  fervet  commissa  lagona. 

Ipse  capillato  diffusum  consule  potat  30 

Calcatamque  tenet  bellis  socialibus  uvam, 

Cardiaco  numquam  cyathum  missurus  amico ; 

Cras  bibet  Albanis  aliquid  de  montibus  aut  de 

Setinis,  cuius  patriam  titulumque  senectus 

Delevit  multa  veteris  fuligine  testae,  35 

Quale  coronati  Thrasea  Helvidiusque  bibebant 

Brutorum  et  Cassi  natalibus.     Ipse  capaces 

Heliadum  crustas  et  inaequales  berullo 

Virro  tenet  phialas :  tibi  non  committitur  aurum ; 

Vel,  si  quando  datur,  custos  adfixus  ibidem  40 

Qui  numeret  gemmas,  ungues  observet  acutos. 

"  Da  veniam :  praeclara  illic  laudatur  iaspis." 

Nam  Virro,  ut  multi,  gemmas  ad  pocula  transfert 

A  digitis,  quas  in  vaginae  fronte  solebat 

Ponere  zelotypo  iuvenis  praelatus  larbae :  45 

Tu  Beneventani  sutoris  nomen  habentem 

Siccabis  calicem  nasorum  quattuor  ac  iam 

Quassatum  et  rupto  poscentem  sulpura  vitro. 

88.  berullo  PS,  bcrillos  pu.     39.  phialas  JM,  phiala  /'.     42.  illic  o>, 
illi  P.    43.  ut  pv,  et  P. 


26  1).  I  UN.  1UVENAL1S 

Si  stomachus  domini  fervet  vinoque  ciboque, 

Frigidior  Geticis  petitur  decocta  pruinis :  50 

Non  eadem  vobis  poni  modo  vina  querebar? 

Vos  aliam  potatis  aquam.     Tibi  pocula  cursor 

Gaetulus  dabit  aut  nigri  manus  ossea  Mauri, 

Et  cui  per  mediam  nolis  occurrere  noctem, 

Clivosae  veheris  dum  per  monumenta  Latinae :  55 

Flos  Asiae  ante  ipsum,  pretio  maiore  paratus, 

Quam  fuit  et  Tulli  census  pugnacis  et  Anci 

Et,  ne  te  teneam,  Romanorum  omnia  regum 

Frivola.     Quod  cum  ita  sit,  tu  Gaetulum  Ganymedem 

Respice,  cum  sities.     Nescit  tot  milibus  emptus  60 

Pauperibus  miscere  puer :  sed  forma,  sed  aetas 

Digna  supercilio.     Quando  ad  te  pervenit  Jlle? 

Quando  rogatus  adest  calidae  gelidaeque  minister  ? 

Quippe  indignatur  veteri  parere  clienti, 

Quodque  aliquid  poscas,  et  quod  se  stante  recumbas.       65 

Maxima  quaeque  domus  servis  est  plena  superbis. 

Ecce  alius  quanto  porrexit  murmure  panem 

Vix  fractum,  solidae  iam  mucida  frusta  farinae, 

Quae  genuinum  agitent,  non  admittentia  morsurn : 

Sed  tener  et  niveus  mollique  siligine  fictus  70 

Servatur  domino.     Dextram  cohibere  memento; 

Salva  sit  artoptae  reverentia !  finge  tamen  te 

Inprobulum,  superest  illic  qui  ponere  cogat: 

"  Vis  tu  consuetis,  audax  conviva,  canistris 

Impleri  panisque  tui  novisse  colorem  ?  "-  75 

"  Scilicet  hoc  fuerat,  propter  quod  saepe  relicta 

Coniuge  per  montem  adversum  gelidasque  cucurri 

Esquilias,  fremeret  saeva  cum  grandine  vernus 

luppiter  et  multo  stillaret  paenula  nimbo  !  "- 

51.  delebat  Pinzger.     66.  delebat  Heinrich.     7U.  fictus  P,  factus  «. 


SATURA   V.  27 

Aspice,  quam  longo  distinguat  pectorc  lancem,  80 

Quae  fertur  domino  squilla,  et  quibus  undique  saepta 
Asparagis,  qua  despiciat  con vi  via  cauda, 
Dum  venit  excelsi  manibus  sublata  ministri : 
Sed  tibi  dimidio  constrictus  cammarus  ovo 
Ponitur,  exigua  feralis  cena  patella.  85 

Ipse  Venafrano  piscem  perfundit :  at  hie,  qui 
Pallidus  adfertur  misero  tibi  caulis,  olebit 
Lanternam ;  illud  enira  vestris  datur  alveolis,  quod 
Canna  Micipsarum  prora  subvexit  acuta ;' 
Propter  quod  Romae  cum  Boccare  nemo  lavatur,  90  • 

Quod  tutos  etiam  facit  a  serpentibus  atris. 
Mullus  erit  domini,  quern  misit  Corsica,  vel  quern 
Tauromenitanae  rupes,  quando  omne  peractum  est 
Et  iam  defecit  nostrum  mare,  dum  gula  saevit, 
Retibus  adsiduis  penitus  scrutante  macello  95 

Proxima,  nee  patimur  Tyrrhenum  crescere  piscem. 
Instruit  ergo  focum  provincia :  sumitur  illinc 
Quod  captator  emat  Laenas,  Aurelia  vendat. 
Virroni  muraena  datur,  quae  maxima  venit 
Gurgite  de  Siculo  ;  nam  dum  se  continet  Auster,          100 
Dum  sedet  et  siccat  madidas  in  carcere  pinnas, 
Contemnunt  mediam  temeraria  lina  Charybdim  : 
Vos  anguilla  manet  longae  cognata  colubrae, 
Aut  glacie  aspersus  maculis  Tiberinus,  et  ipse 
Vernula  riparum,  pinguis  torrente  cloaca  105 

Et  solitus  mediae  cryptam  penetrare  Suburae. 
Ipsi  pauca  velim,  facilem  si  praebeat  aurem : 
"  Nemo  petit,  modicis  quae  mittebantur  amicis 
A  Seneca,  quae  Piso  bonus,  quae  Gotta  solebat 

80.  distinguat   l\  distendat  u.     91.  om.  Ps,  damnaral  lah*.     105. 
torpente  Rutgers. 


28  !>•  1UN.  IUVENALIS 

Largiri ;  namque  et  titulis  et  fascibus  oliin  110 

Maior  habebatur  donandi  gloria :  solum 
Poscimus,  ut  cenes  civiliter ;  hoc  fac  et  esto, 
Esto,  ut  nunc  multi,  dives  tibi,  pauper  amicis ! " 
Anseris  ante  ipsum  magni  iecur,  anseribus  par 
Altilis  et  flavi  dignus  ferro  Meleagri  115 

Fumat  aper;  post  hunc  tradentur  tubera,  si  ver 
Tune  erit  et  facient  optata  tonitrua  cenas 
Maiores.     "  Tibi  habe  frumentum,"  Alledius  inquit, 
"  0  Libye ;  disiunge  boves,  dum  tubera  mittas  ! " 
Structorem  interea,  ne  qua  indignatio  desit,  120 

Saltantem  spectes  et  chironomunta  volanti 
Cultello,  donee  peragat  dictata  magistri 
Omnia;  nee  minimo  sane  discrimine  refert, 
Quo  gestu  lepores  et  quo  gallina  secetur. 
Duceris  planta,  velut  ictus  ab  Hercule  Cacus,  125 

Et  ponere  foris,  si  quid  temptaveris  umquam 
Hiscere,  tamquam  habeas  tria  nomina.     Q.uando  propinat 
Virro  tibi  sumitve  tuis  contacta  labellis 
Pocula?  quis  vestrum  temerarius  usque  adeo,  quis 
Perditus,  ut  dicat  regi :  "  bibe  "  ?     Plurima  sunt,  quae  130 
Non  audent  homines  pertusa  dicere  laena ; 
Quadringenta  tibi  si  quis  deus  aut  similis  dis 
Et  melior  fatis  donaret  homuncio,  quantus 
Ex  nihilo,  quantus  fieres  Virronis  amicus ! 
"  Da  Trebio  !  pone  ad  Trebium  !  vis,  frater,  ab  ipsis     135 
Ilibus  ?  "—0  nummi,  vobis  hunc  praestat  honorem, 
Vos  estis  f ratres !     Dominus  tamen  et  domini  rex 
Si  vis  tu  fieri,  nullus  tibi  parvolus  aula 
Luserit  Aeneas  nee  filia  dulcior  illo : 

112.  faciet    P.      116.   furaat   pta,    spumat    P.      138.   tu  u,  tuuc 
P. 


SATURA   V.  29 

lucundum  et  carum  sterilis  facit  uxor  amicum.  140 

Sed  tua  nunc  Mycale  pariat  licet  et  pueros  tres 

In  gremium  patris  f  undat  semel :  ipse  loquaci 

Gaudebit  nido,  viridem  thoraca  iubebit 

Adferri  minimasque  nuces  assemque  rogatum, 

Ad  mensam  quotiens  parasitus  venerit  infans. —  145 

Vilibus  ancipites  fungi  ponentur  amicis, 

Boletus  domino ;  sed  quales  Claudius  edit 

Ante  ilium  uxoris,  post  quern  nil  amplius  edit. 

Virro  sibi  et  reliquis  Virronibus  ilia  iubebit 

Poma  dari,  quorum  solo  pascaris  odore ;  150 

Qualia  perpetuus  Phaeacum  autumnus  habebat, 

Credere  quae  possis  subrepta  sororibus  Af ris : 

Tu  scabie  frueris  mali,  quod  in  aggere  rodit, 

Qui  tegitur  parma  et  galea  metuensque  flagelli 

Discit  ab  hirsuta  iaculum  torquere  capella.  155 

Forsitan  inpensae  Virronem  parcere  credas? 

Hoc  agit  ut  doleas ;  nam  quae  comoedia,  mimus 

Quis  melior  plorante  gula  ?  ergo  omnia  fiunt, 

Si  nescis,  ut  per  lacrimas  effundere  bilem 

Cogaris  pressoque  diu  stridere  molari.  160 

Tu  tibi  liber  homo  et  regis  conviva  videris : 

Captum  te  nidore  suae  putat  ille  culinae 

Nee  male  coniectat ;  quis  enim  tarn  nudus,  ut  ilium 

Bis  ferat,  Etruscum  puero  si  contigit  aurum 

Vel  nodus  tantum  et  signum  de  paupere  loro  ?  165 

Spes  bene  cenandi  vos  decipit.     "  Ecce  dabit  iam 

Semesum  leporem  atque  aliqui^  ie  clunibus  apri, 

Ad  nos  iam  veniet  minor  altilis."     Inde  parato 

140.  delebat  lahn.  141.  Mygale  P,  Migale  8.  142.  semel  P,  siraul 
pw.  146.  ponentur  pw,  potentur  PS.  148.  post  quern  pv,  post- 
quam  P. 


30 


D.  IUN.  IUVEXALIS 


Intactoque  omnes  et  stricto  pune  iacetis. 

Ille  sapit,  qui  te  sic  utitur.     Omnia  ferre  170 

Si  potes,  et  debes.     Pulsandum  vertice  raso 

Praebebis  quandoque  caput  nee  dura  timebis 

Flagra  pati,  his  epulis  et  tali  dignus  amico ! 

169.  iacetis  P. 


A  Roman  Readiiig. 


SATURA  VII. 

Ex  spes  et  ratio  studiorum  in  Caesarc  tantum : 
Solus  enim  tristes  hac  tempestate  Carnenas 
Respexit,  cum  iam  celebres  notique  poetae 
Balneolum  Gabiis,  Romae  conducere  furnos 
Temptarent,  nee  foeduin  alii  nee  turpe  putarent 
Praecones  fieri ;  cum  desertis  Aganippes 
Vallibus  esuriens  migraret  in  atria  Clio. 
Nam  si  Pieria  quad  runs  tibi  nullus  in  umbra 
Ostendatur,  ames  nomen  victumque  Machaerae 
Et  vendas  potius,  commissa  quod  auctio  vendit 
Stantibus,  oenophorum,  tripod  es,  armaria,  cistas, 
Alcithoen  Pacci,  Thebas  et  Terea  Fausti. 
Hoc  satius,  quam  si  dicas  sub  iudice,  "  Vidi," 

9.  utcumque  P. 


10 


32  !>•  1UN.  IUVENALIS 

Quod  non  vidisti ;  faciant  equites  Asiani 

Quamquam,  et  Cappadoces  faciant  equitesque  Bithyni,  15 

Altera  quos  undo  traducit  Gallia  talo. 

Nemo  tamcn  studiis  indignum  ferre  laborem 

Cogetur  posthac,  nectit  quicumque  canoris 

Eloquium  vocale  modis  laurumque  momordit.    f 

Hoc  agite,  0  iuvenes !  circumspicit  et  stimulat  vos         20 

Materiamque  sibi  duels  indulgentia  quaerit. 

Si  qua  aliunde  putas  rerum  spectanda  tuarum 

Praesidia  atque  ideo  croceae  membrana  tabellae 

Implentur,  lignorum  aliquid  posce  ocius  et  quae 

Componis,  dona  Veneris,  Telesine,  marito ;  25 

Aut  elude  et  positos  tinea  pertunde  libellos. 

Frange  miser  calamum  vigilataque  proelia  dele, 

Qui  facis  in  parva  sublimia  carmina  cella, 

Ut  dignus  venias  hederis  et  imagine  macra. 

Spes  nulla  ulterior ;  didicit  iam  dives  avarus  30 

Tantum  admirari,  tantum  laudare  disertos, 

Ut  pueri  lunonis  avem.     Sed  defluit  aetas 

Et  pelagi  patiens  et  cassidis  atque  ligonis. 

Taedia  tune  subeunt  animos,  tune  seque  suamque 

Terpsichoren  odit  facunda  et  nuda  senectus.  35 

Accipe  nunc  artes.     Ne  quid  tibi  conferat  iste, 
Quern  colis,  et  Musarum  et  Apollinis  aede  relicta, 
Ipse  facit  versus  atque  uni  cedit  Homero 
Propter  mille  annos,  et  si  dulcedine  famae 
Succensus  recites,  maculosas  commodat  aedes.  40 

15.  delebat  Pinzgtr,  Bitini  cum  Asiani  (14)  locum  permutare  voluit 
Hermann.  16.  Gallia  />o>,  gallica  PS.  18.  cogetur  />«,  cogitur  P.  20. 
o  primo  omissum  add.  P,  vos  P,  nos  w,  vel  nos  superscr  p.  22.  exspec- 
tanda  o>.  23.  crocea  P  corr.  p.  24.  implentur  PS,  impletur  pu.  27. 
calamum  P,  calamos  pw.  39.  et  Pj,  sed  vel  at  vel  aut  j,  tu  Hermann. 
40.  maculosas  S,  Jfeinrich,  maculonis  P,  maculonus  r. 


SATURA   VII.  33 

Haec  longe  ferrata  domus  servire  iubetur, 

In  qua  sollicitas  imitatur  ianua  portas. 

Scit  dare  libcrtos  extrema  in  parte  sedentis 

Ordinis  et  magnas  cornitum  disponere  voces. 

Nemo  dabit  regum,  quanti  subsellia  constant,  45 

Et  quae  conducto  pendent  anabathra  tigillo, 

Quaeque  reportandis  posita  est  orchestra  cathedris. 

Nos  tamen  hoc  agimus  tenuique  in  pulvere  sulcos 

Ducimus  et  litus  sterili  versamus  aratro. 

Nam  si  discedas,  laqueo  tenet  ambitiosi  50 

Consuetudo  mali ;  tenet  insauabile  multos 

Scribendi  cacoethes  et  aegro  in  corde  senescit. 

Sed  vatem  egregium,  cui  non  sit  publica  vena, 

Qui  nil  expositum  soleat  deducere,  nee  qui 

Communi  feriat  carmen  triviale  moneta,  55 

Hunc,  qualem  nequeo  monstrare  et  sentio  tantum, 

Anxietate  carens  animus  facit,  omnis  acerbi 

Inpatiens,  cupidus  silvarum  aptusque  bibendis 

Fontibus  Aonidum.     Neque  enim  cantare  sub  antro 

Pierio  thyrsumque  potest  contingere  maesta  60 

Paupertas  atque  aeris  inops,  quo  nocte  dieque 

Corpus  eget :  satur  est,  cum  dicit  Horatius  "  Euhoe ! " 

Qui  locus  ingenio,  nisi  cum  se  carmine  solo 

Vexant  et  dominis  Cirrhae  Nysaeque  feruntur 

Pectora  vestra,  duas  non  admittentia  curas?  65 

Magnae  mentis  opus  nee  de  lodice  paranda 

Attonitae,  currus  et  equos  faciesque  deorum 

Aspicere  et  qualis  Rutulum  confundat  Erinys. 

Nam  si  Vergilio  puer  et  to.lerabile  desset 

60.  ambitiosum  lahn  verstt  51  damnaio.  58.  bibendis  po,  vivendis  P. 
61.  quo  Pu,  cum  ffibbesk,  63.  qui  Ps,  quis  jxu.  66.  ne  de  lode  Pt 
codice  8  corr.  p<o. 


34  D.  WN.  IUVENALIS 

Ilospitium,  caderent  omnes  a  crinibus  hydri,  7C 

Surda  nihil  gemeret  grave  bucina.     Poscimus  ut  sit 

Xoii  minor  antique  llubrenus  Lappa  cothurno, 

Cnius  et  alveoles  et  laenam  pignerat  Atreus. 

Non  habet  infelix  Numitor  quod  mittat  amico : 

Quintillae  quod  donet  habet ;  nee  def nit  illi  75 

Unde  emeret  rnulta  pascendum  carne  leonem 

lam  domitum  :  constat  leviori  belua  sumptu 

Nimirum,  et  capiunt  plus  intestina  poetae.  t 

Contentus  fama  iaceat  Lucanus  in  hortis      *\ 

Marmoreis :  at  Serrano  tenuique  Saleio  80 

Gloria  quautalibet  quid  erit,  si  gloria  tantum  est? 

Curritur  ad  vocem  iucundam  et  carmen  amicae 

Thebaidos,  laetam  cum  fecit  Statins  urbem 

Promisitque  diem  :  tanta  dulcedine  captos 

Afficit  ille  animos,  tantaque  libidine  volgi  85 

Auditur ;  sed  cum  f regit  subsellia  versu, 

Esurit,  intactam  Paridi  nisi  vendit  Agaven. 

Ille  et  militiae  mnltis  largitnr  honorem, 

Semenstri  digitos  vatum  circumligat  anro. 

Quod  non  dant  proceres,  dabit  histrio :  tu  Camerinos     90 

Et  Baream,  tu  nobilium  magna  atria  curas? 

Praefectos  Pelopea  facit,  Philomela  tribunes. 

Hand  tamen  invideas  vati,  quern  pnlpita  pascunt. 

Quis  tibi  Maecenas,  quis  nunc  erit  aut  Proculeius 

Aut  Fabius?  quis  Cotta  iterum,  quis  Lentulus  alter?      95 

Tune  par  ingenio  pretium ;  tune  utile  multis 

Pallere  et  vinum  toto  nescire  Decembri. 

Vester  porro  labor  fecundior,  historiarum 
Scriptores?  perit  hie  plus  temporis  atque  olei  plus; 
Nullo  quippe  modo  millensima  pagina  surgit  100 

99.  perit  P,  petit  «. 


SATURA  VII.  35 

Omnibus  et  crescit  multa  damnosa  papyro ; 
Sic  ingens  rcruin  numerus  iubot  atque  opcrum  lex. 
Quae  tamen  hide  seges  ?  terrae  quis  f ructus  apertae  ? 
Quis  dabit  historico  quantum  daret  acta  legenti? 
— u  Sed  genus  ignavum,  quod  lecto  gaudet  et  umbra." — 105 
Die  igitur  quid  causidicis  civilia  praestent 
Orficia  et  magno  comites  in  fasce  libelli. 
Ipsi  magna  sonant,  sed  turn,  cum  creditor  audit, 
Praecipue,  vel  si  tetigit  latus  acrior  illo, 
Qui  venit  ad  dubium  grandi  cum  codice  nomen.  110 

Tune  immensa  cavi  spirant  mendacia  folles 
^•Conspuiturque  sinus :  veram  deprendere  messem 
Si  libet,  hinc  centum  patrimonia  causidicorum, 
Parte  alia  solum  russuti  pone  Lacernae. 
Consedere  duces:  surgis  tu  pallidus  Aiax,  115 

Dicturus  dubia  pro  libertate,  bubulco 
ludice.     Rumpe  miser  tensurn  iecur,  ut  tibi  lasso 
Figantur  virides,  scalarum  gloria,  palmae  ; 
Quod  vocis  pretium  ?  siccus  petasunculus  et  vas 
Pelamydum,  aut  veteres,  Maurorum  epimenia,  bulbi,    120 
Aut  vinum  Tiberi  devectum,  quinque  lagonae, 
Si  quater  egisti.     Si  contigit  aureus  unus, 
Inde  cadunt  partes  ex  foedere  pragmaticorum. 
Aemilio  dabitur  quantum  licet,  et  melius  nos 
Egimus ;  huius  enim  stat  currus  aheneus,  alti  125 

Quadriiuges  in  vestibulis,  atque  ipse  feroci 
Bellatore  sedens  curvatum  hastile  minatur 
Eminus  et  statua  meditator  proelia  lusca. 
Sic  Pedo  conturbat,  Matbo  deficit ;  exitus  hie  est 
Tongilii,  magno  cum  rhinocerote  lavari  130 

109.  damnabnt  lahn.  114.  laceniae  P,  lacertae  o>.  115.  surgis  /*•>, 
surdis  (?)  P.  124.  quanti  lahii ;  petit  w.  128.  statuam  P.  130.  Ton- 
gilii /a/tn,  tongili  /',  tougilli  ;><». 


gg  D.  ItJN.  lUVENALtS 

Qui  solet  et  vexat  lutnlenta  balnea  turba 

Perque  forum  iuvenes  longo  premit  assere  Maedos, 

Empturus  pueros,  argentum,  murrina,  villas ; 

Spondet  enim  Tyrio  stlataria  purpura  filo.\k/ 

Et  tamen  est  illis  hoc  utile ;  purpura  vendit  1  135 

Causidicum,  vendunt  amethystina ;  convenit  illis 

Et  strepitu  et  facie  maioris  vivere  census. 

Sed  finem  inpensae  non  servat  prbdiga  Roma. 

Fidimus  eloquio?    Ciceroni  nemo  ducentos 

Nuno  dederit  nummos,  nisi  fulserit  anulus  ingens.        140 

Respicit  haec  primum,  qui  litigat,  an  tibi  servi 

Octo,  decem  comites,  an  post  te  sella,  togati 

Ante  pedes.     Ideo  conducta  Paulus  agebat 

Sardonyche,  atque  ideo  pluris  quam  Gallus  agebat, 

Quam  Basilus.     Rara  in  tenui  facundia  panno.  145 

Quando  licet  Basilo  flentem  producere  matrem? 

Quis  bene  dicentem  Basilum  f erat  ?  accipiat  te 

Gallia  vel  potius  nutricula  causidicorum 

Africa,  si  placuit  mercedem  ponere  linguae. 

Declamare  doces  ?  0  ferrea  pectora  Vetti,  150 

Cui  perimit  saevos  classis  numerosa  tyrannos ! 
Nam  quaecumque  sedens  modo  legerat,  haec  eadem  stans 
Perferet  atque  eadem  cantabit  versibus  isdem ; 
Occidit  miseros  crambe  repetita  magistros. 
Quis  color  et  quod  sit  causae  genus  atque  ubi  summa   155 
Quaestio,  quae  veniant  diversae  forte  sagittae, 
Nosse  volunt  omnes,  mercedem  solvere  nemo. — 
"  Mercedem  appellas?  quid  enim  scio  ?  "— "  Culpa  docentis 
Scilicet  arguitur,  quod  laevae  parte  mamillae 

136.  illia  pa,  om  P.  145.  clara  P.  149.  ponere  P,  imponere  w. 
151.  cui  /a/tn,  cum  Pu.  153.  idem  /a/in.  157.  volunt  ptt,  velunt  P, 
velint  Pitlineu*.  159.  leve  (=  laevae)  P. 


SATURA  VII.  37 

Nil  salit  Arcadico  iuveni,  cuius  mini  sexta  160 

Quaque  die  miserum  dirus  cap  ut  Hannibal  implet; 

Quidquid  id  est,  de  quo  deliberat,  an  petal  urbem 

A  Cannis,  an  post  nimbos  et  fulmina  cautus 

Circumagat  madidas  a  tempestate  cohortes. 

Quantum  vis  stipulare  et  protinus  accipe,  quod  do        165 

Ut  totiens  ilium  pater  audiat." — Haec  alii  sex 

Vel  plures  uno  conclamant  ore  sophistae, 

Et  veras  agitant  lites,  raptore  relicto ; 

Fusa  venena  silent,  malus  ingratusque  maritus, 

Et  quae  iam  veteres  sanant  mortaria  caecos.  170 

Ergo  sibi  dabit  ipse  rudem,  si  nostra  movebunt 

Consilia,  et  vitae  diversum  iter  ingredietur, 

Ad  pugnam  qui  rhetorica  descendit  ab  umbra, 

Summula  ne  pereat,  qua  vilis  tessera  venit 

Frumenti ;  quippe  haec  merces  lautissima.     Tempta,  175 

Chrysogonus  quauti  doceat  vel  Polio  quanti 

Lautorum  pueros  :  artem  scindes  Theodori. 

Balnea  sescentis  et  pluris  porticus,  in  qua 

Gestetur  dominus,  quotiens  pluit ;  anne  serenum 

Expectet  spargatque  Into  iumenta  recenti?  180 

Hie  potius,  namque  hie  mundae  nitet  ungula  mulae. 

Parte  alia  longis  Numidarum  fulta  columnis 

Surgat  et  algentem  rapiat  cenatio  solem. 

Quunticumque  domus,  veniet  qui  fercula  docte 

Componat ;  veniet  qui  pulmentaria  condit.  185 

Hos  inter  sumptus  sestertia  Quintiliano, 

Ut  multum,  duo  sufficient :  res  nulla  minoris 

Constabit  patri,  quam  filius. — "  Unde  igitur  tot 

165.  accipe  /x»,  accipere  P ;  quid  do  P,  quod  do  pta,  qui  do  Ribbeck. 
174.  suramula  w,  summavia  P.  177.  scindes  lafin,  scindens  PSu.  181. 
delebat  Jfeinrich.  185.  componit  j,  condit  Pw,  condiat  Lachmann. 


38  IX  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Qnintilianus  habet  saltus?" — Exempla  novorum 

K-itorum  transi :  felix  et  pulcer  et  acer,  190 

Felix  et  sapiens  et  nobilis  et  generosus, 

Adpositam  nigrae  lunam  subtexit  alutae ; 

Felix  orator  quoque  maximus  et  iaculator ; 

Et  si  perfrixit,  cantat  bene.^TDistat  enini,  quae 

Sidera  te  excipiant  modo  primes  incipientem  195 

Edere  vagitus  et  adhuc  a  matre  rubentem. 

Si  Fortuna  volet,  fies  de  rhetore  consul ; 

Si  volet  haec  eadem,  fies  de  consule  rhetor. 

Ventidius  quid  enim?  quid  Tullius?  anne  aliud  quam 

Sidus  et  occulti  miranda  potentia  fati  ?  200 

Servis  regna  dabunt,  captivis  fata  triumphum ; 

Felix  ille  tamen  corvo  quoque  rarior  albo. 

Paenituit  multos  vanae  sterilisque  cathedrae, 

Sicut  Thrasymachi  probat  exitus  atque  Secundi 

Carrinatis  :  et  huno  inopem  vidistis,  Athenae,  205 

Nil  praeter  gelidas  ausae  conferre  cicutas. 

Di,  maiorum  umbris  tenuem  et  sine  pondere  terram, 

Spirantisque  crocos  et  in  urna  perpettmm  ver, 

Qui  praeceptorem  sancti  voluere  parentis 

Esse  loco !    Metuens  virgae  iam  grandis  Achilles          210 

Cantabat  patriis  in  montibus  et  cui  non  tune 

Eliceret  risum  citharoedi  cauda  magistri ; 

Sed  Rufum  atque  alios  caedit  sua  quemque  iuventus, 

Rufum,  quern  totiens  Ciceronem  Allobroga  dixit. 

Quis  gremio  Celadi  doctique  Palaemonis  adfert,         215 
Quantum  grammaticus  meruit  labor  ?  et  tamen  ex  hoc 
Quodcumque  est — minus  est  autem  quam  rhetoris  aera — 
Discipuli  custos  praemordet  acoenonoetus ; 

192.  damnarat  lahn,  alutcs  P.     198.  fies  />&.',  fiet  P.     204.  Tharsy- 
machi  Rittehl.     208.  spirantcs />«,  spirandis  P.     217.  autem  pu,  om.  P. 


SATURA   VII.  39 

Et  qui  dispensat,  frangit  sibi.     Cede,  Palaemon, 

Et  patere  inde  aliquid  decrescere,  non  aliter  quam        220 

Institor  hibernae  tegetis  niveiquc  cadurci; 

Dummodo  non  pereat,  mediae  quod  noctis  ab  hora 

Sedisti,  qua  nemo  faber,  qua  nemo  sederet 

Q;ii  docet  obliquo  lanam  deducere  ferro; 

Dummodo  non  pereat,  totidem  olfecisse  lucernas,          225 

Quot  stabant  pueri,  cum  tottis  decolor  esset 

Flaccus  et  haereret  nigro  f  uligo  Maroni. 

Kara  tamen  merces,  quae  cognitione  tribuni 

Non  egeat.     Sed  vos  saevas  impon'te  leges, 

Ut  praeceptori  verborum  regula  constet,  230 

Ut  legat  historias,  auctores  noverit  omnes 

Tamquam  ungues  digitosque  suos;  ut  forte  rogatus, 

Dum  petit  aut  thermas  aut  Phocbi  balnea,  dicat 

Nil  trice  m  Anchisae,  nomen  patriamque  novercae 

Anchemoli ;  dicat,  quot  Acestes  vixerit  annis,  235 

Quot  Siculi  Phrygibus  vini  donaverit  urnas. 

Exigite,  ut  mores  teneros  ceu  pollice  ducat, 

Ut  si  quis  cera  voltum  facit ;  exigite,  ut  sit  . 

Et  pater  ipsius  coetus.  w» 

"  Haec,"  inquit,  "  curas,  et  cum  se  verterit  annus,           us 

Accipe  victori  populus  quod  postulat  aurum." 

219.  frangat  Ps,  franget  y,  frangit  s.  229.  salvas  P.  232.  ut  forte 
P,  sit  forte  p.  235.  Anchemoli  s,  Archemori  PSw ;  annis  P,  annos  w. 
236.  Siculi  valesius,  Siculis  P,  Siculus  u.  242.  curas  et  Pw,  cura  sed  vcl 
cures  et  s.  243.  postulaturum  P. 


SATURA  VIII. 

STEMMATA  quid  faciunt?  quid  prodest,  Pontice,  longo 

Sanguine  censeri,  pictos  ostendere  vultus 

Maiorum,  et  stantis  in  curribus  Aemilianos, 

Et  Curios  iam  diraidios,  umerosque  minorem 

Corvinum,  et  Galbam  auriculis  nasoque  carentem  ?  5 

Quis  fructus,  generis  tabula  iactare  capaci 

Corvinum,  posthac  multa  contingere  virga 

Fumosos  equitum  cum  dietatore  magistros, 

Si  coram  Lepidis  male  vivitur  ?  effigies  quo 

Tot  bellatorum,  si  luditur  alea  pernox  10 

Ante  Numantinos?  si  dormire  incipis  ortu 

Luciferi,  quo  signa  duces  et  castra  movebant? 

Cur  Allobrogicis  et  magna  gaudeat  ara 

Natus  in  Herculeo  Fabius  lare,  si  cupidus,  si 


4-8.  delebal  Ribbeck.     6-6.  delebat  Hermann. 
7.  om.  u,  damnarat  lahn. 


6-8.  delebat  Weidner. 


SATURA   VIII.  41 

Vanus  et  Euganea  quantumvis  mollior  agna  ?  15 

Si  tenerum  attritus  Catinensi  pumice  lunibum 

Squalentis  traducit  avos,  emptorque  vencni 

Frangenda  rniseram  funestat  imagine  gentem? 

Tota  licet  veteres  exornent  undique  cerae 

Atria,  nobilitas  sola  est  atque  unica  virtus.  20 

Paulus  vel  Cossus  vel  Drusus  moribus  esto ; 

Hos  ante  effigies  maiorum  pone  tuorum ; 

Praecedant  ipsas  illi  te  consule  virgas. 

Prima  mihi  debes  animi  bona ;  sanctus  haberi 

lustitiaeque  tenax  factis  dictisque  mereris?  25 

Agnosco  procerem :  salve,  Gaetulice,  seu  tu 

Silanus ;  quocumque  alio  de  sanguine,  rarus 

Civis  et  egregius  patriae  contingis  ovanti. 

Exclamare  libet,  populus  quod  clamat  Osiri 

Invento.     Quis  enim  generosum  dixerit  hunc,  qui           30 

Indignus  genere  et  praeclaro  nomine  tantum 

Insignis  ?  nanum  cuiusdam  Atlanta  vocamus, 

Aethiopem  Cycnum,  pravam  extortamque  puellam 

Europen ;  canibus  pigris  scabieque  vetusta 

Levibus  et  siccae  lambentibus  ora  lucernae  35 

Nomen  erit  pardus,  tigris,  leo,  si  quid  adhuc  est 

Quod  fremat  in  terris  violentius.     Ergo  cavebis 

Et  metues,  ne  tu  sic  Creticus  aut  Camerinus. 

His  ego  quern  monui  ?  tecum  est  mihi  sermo,  Rubelli 
Blande.     Tuines  alto  Drusorum  stemmate,  tamquam     40 
Feceris  ipse  aliquid,  propter  quod  nobilis  esses, 
Tit  te  conciperet,  quae  sanguine  fulget  luli, 
Non  quae  ventoso  conducta  sub  aggere  texit. 
"  Vos  humiles,"  inquis,  "  volgi  pars  ultima  nostri, 

S3.  pravam  Ps,  parvam  <a.     38.  sic  lunitts,  si  P.  sis  a.     89.  quern 
/>«,  quae  P.     40.  Blande  PSta,  Plante  Lipsius  ;  stemmate  Pt  sanguine  ta. 


42  D.   1UN.  1UVENALIS 

Quorum  nemo  queat  patriam  monstrare  parentis :  45 

Ast  ego  Cecropides." — Vivas  et  originis  liuius 

Gaudia  longa  feras !  tamen  ima  plebe  Quiritem 

Facundum  invenies ;  solet  hie  defendere  causas 

Nobilis  indocti ;  veniet  de  plebe  togata 

Qui  iuris  nodos  et  legum  aenigmata  solvat.  50 

Hie  petit  Euphraten  iuvenis  domitique  Batavi 

Custodes  aquilas,  armis  industrius  :  at  tu 

Nil  nisi  Cecropides  truncoque  simillimus  Hermae. 

Nullo  quippe  alio  vincis  discrimine,  quam  quod 

Illi  marmoreum  caput  est,  tua  vivit  -imago.  AJ  55 

Die  mihi,  Teucrorum  proles,  animalia  muta 

Quis  generosa  putet,  nisi  fortia.     Nempe  volucrem 

Sic  laudamus  equum,  facili  cui  plurima  palma 

Fervet  et  exultat  rauco  victoria  circo. 

Nobilis  hie,  quocurnque  venit  de  gramine,  cuius  60 

Clara  f uga  ante  alios  et  primus  in  aequore  pulvis ; 

Sed  venale  pecus  Coryphaei  posteritas  et 

Hirpini,  si  rara  iugo  victoria  sedit. 

Nil  ibi  maiorum  respectus,  gratia  nulla 

Umbrarum ;  dominos  pretiis  mutare  iubentur  65 

Exiguis,  trito  ducunt  epiraedia  collo 

Segnipedes  dignique  molam  versare  nepotes. 

Ergo,  ut  miremur  te,  non  tua,  primum  aliquid  da 

Quod  possim  titulis  incidere  praeter  honores, 

Quos  illis  damus  ac  dedimus,  quibus  omnia  debes.  70 

Haec  satis  ad  iuvenem,  quern  nobis  fama  superbum 
Tradit  et  inflatum  plenumque  Nerone  propinquo; 
liarus  enim  ferme  sensus  communis  in  ilia 

49.  vcniat  P  corr.  p.  51.  hinc  Weidner.  61.  pulvis  pt»  Kervius. 
cuius  P.  66.  trito  j,  et  trito  P,  tritoque  o> ;  ducunt  P  (?),  trahunt  u. 
67.  nepotes  P,  nepotis  pu.  68.  prinmin  Put,  privum  Salmasiut. 


SATURA   VIII.  43 

Fortuna;  sed  te  censeri  laude  tuorum, 

Pontice,  noluerim  sic  at  nihil  ipse  futurae  75 

Laudis  agas.     Misenim  est  aliorum  incumbere  famae, 

Ne  conlapsa  ruant  subductis  tecta  column  is. 

Stratus  humi  palmes  viduas  desiderat  ulmos. 

Esto  bonus  miles,  tutor  bonus,  arbiter  idem 

Integer;  ambiguac  si  quaudo  citabere  testis  80 

Incertaeque  rei,  Phalaris  licet  imperet  ut  sis 

Falsus  et  adrnoto  dictet  periuria  tauro, 

Summum  crede  nefas  animam  praeferre  pudori 

Et  propter  vitam  vivendi  perdere  causas. 

Dignus  morte  perit,  cenet  licet  ostrea  centum  85 

Gaurana  et  Cosmi  toto  mergatur  aheno. 

Expectata  diu  tandem  provincia  cum  te 

Rectorem  accipiat,  pone  irae  frena  modumque, 

Pone  et  avaritiae,  miserere  inopum  sociorum : 

Ossa  vides  regum  vacuis  exucta  medullis.  90 

Respice  quid  moneant  leges,  quid  curia  mandet, 

Praemia  quanta  bonos  maneant,  quam  fulmine  iusto 

Et  Capito  et  Numitor  ruerint,  damnante  senatu, 

Piratae  Cilicum.     Sed  quid  damnatio  confert  ? 

Praeconem,  Chaerippe,  tuis  circumspice  pannis,  95 

Cum  Pansa  eripiat,  quidquid  tibi  Natta  reliquit, 

lamque  tace ;  furor  est  post  omnia  perdere  naulum. 

Non  idem  gemitus  olim  neque  vulnus  erat  par 

Damnorum,  sociis  florentibus  et  modo  victis. 

Plena  domus  tune  omnis,  et  ingens  stabat  acervus        100 

Nummorum,  Spartana  chlamys,  conchylia  Coa, 

Et  cum  Parrhasii  tabulis  signisque  Myronis 

Phidiacurn  vivebat  ebur,  nee  non  Polycliti 

88.  accipiat  P,  accipiet  u.     90.  regum  w,  rerum  P.     97.  naulum  JM>, 
na  *  lu  /',  naulon  j. 


44  D.  IUN.   1UVENAL1S 

Multus  ubiquo  labor ;  rarae  sine  Mentore  mensae. 

Inde  Dolabella  atque  istinc  Antonius,  inde  105 

Sacrilegus  Verrcs  referebant  navibus  altis 

Occulta  spolia  et  phi  res  de  pace  triumphos. 

Nunc  sociis  iuga  pauca  bourn,  grex  parvus  equarum, 

Et  pater  armenti  capto  eripietur  agello, 

Ipsi  deinde  Lares,  si  quod  spectabile  signum,  110 

Si  quis  in  aedicula  deus  unicus ;  haec  etenim  sunt 

Pro  summis,  nani  sunt  haec  maxima.  (  Despicias  tu 

Forsitan  iubellis  Rliodios  unctamque  Corinthon : 

Despicias  merito ;  quid  resinata  iuventus 

Cruraque  totius  facient  tibi  levia  gentis  ?  115 

Horrida  vitanda  est  Hispania,  Gallicus  axis 

Illyricumque  latus ;  parce  et  messoribus  illis, 

Qui  saturant  urbem  circo  scaenaeque  vacantem. 

Quanta  autem  inde  feres  tarn  dirae  praemia  culpae, 

Cum  tennis  nuper  Marius  discinxerit  Afros?  120 

Curandum  in  primis  ne  magna  iniuria  fiat 

Fortibus  et  miseris.     Tollas  licet  omne  quod  usquam  est 

Auri  atque  argenti,  scutum  gladiumque  relinques 

Et  iaculum  et  galeam :  spoliatis  arma  supersunt. 

Quod  modo  proposui,  non  est  sententia ;  verum  est ;     125 

Credite  me  vobis  folium  recitare  Sibyllae. 

Si  tibi  sancta  cohors  cornitum,  si  nemo  tribunal 

Vendit  acersecomes,  si  iiulium  in  coniuge  crimen, 

Nee  per  conventus  et  cuncta  per  oppida  curvis 

Unguibus  ire  parat  nummos  raptura  Celaeno :  130 

Tu  licet  a  Pico  numeres  genus,  altaque  si  te 

Xomina  delectant,  omnem  Titanida  pugnam 

105.  adque  stinc  cantonius  /',  atque  hinc  Antonius  o>,  atque  dchinc 
Lachmaun.  109.  eripietur  pu,  eripi  .  .  .  P,  eripiatur  j.  112.  iara 
coniectt  Buecheler.  122.  usquam  u,  umquam  P.  123.  relinqu  .  .  .  P, 
relinquas  5.  124.  dclebat  Lachmann.  131.  tu  PSs,  turn/),  tuuc  w. 


SATURA  VIII.  45 

Inter  maiores  ipsumque  Promethea  ponas : 

Do  quocumque  voles  proavuin  til)i  sumito  libro. 

Quod  si  praccipiiciii  nipit  ambitio  atque  libido,  135 

Si  frangis  virgas  sociorum  in  sanguine,  si  te 

Delectant  hebetes  lasso  lictore  secures : 

Incipit  ipsorum  contra  te  stare  parentum 

Nobilitas  claramque  facem  praeferre  pudendis. 

Omne  animi  vitium  tanto  conspectius  in  se  140 

Crimen  habet,  quanto  maior  qui  peccat  habetur. 

Quo  mihi  te  solitum  falsas  signare  tabellas 

In  templis,  quae  fecit  avus,  statuamque  parentis 

Ante  triumphalem  ?  quo,  si  nocturnus  adulter 

Tempora  Santonico  velas  adoperta  cucullo?  145 

Praeter  maiorum  cineres  atque  ossa  volucri 
Carpento  rapitur  pinguis  Lateranus,  et  ipse, 
Ipse  rotam  astringit  sufflamiue  mulio  consul, 
Nocte  quidem ;  sed  Luna  videt,  sed  sidera  testes 
Intendunt  oculos.     Finitum  tempus  honoris  150 

Cum  fuerit,  clara  Lateranus  luce  flagellum 
Sumet  et  occursum  numquam  trepidabit  amici 
lam  senis,  ac  virga  prior  annuet  atque  maniplos 
Solvet  et  infundet  iumentis  hordea  lassis. 
Interea,  dum  lanatas  robumque  iuvencum  155 

More  Numae  caedit  lovis  ante  altaria,  iurat 
Solam  Eponam  et  facies  olid  a  ad  praesepia  pictas. 
Sed  cum  pervigiles  placet  instaurare  popinas, 
Obvius  adsiduo  Syrophoenix  unctus  amomo 
Currit,  Idumaeae  Syropboenix  incola  portae  160 

Hospitis  adfectu  dominum  regemque  salutat, 

148.  aufflamine  mulio  S  ad  florilegium  8.  Oalli  grammaticus  G.  L.  K. 
VI,  p.  231,  multo  sufflamine  P  (immo  p)  w.  155.  robum  S  florilegium, 
torvuin  p<a,  erasum  in  P,  sm/rfwm  erat  ut  videtur  robum.  159.  unctus 
Ps,  udus/w.  160.  damnarat  fahn. 


46  D.   IUN.   IUVENALIS 

Et  cum  venali  Cyanis  succincta  lagona. 

Defcnsor  culpae  dicet  mihi :  "  Fecirnus  et  nos 

Haec  iuvenes." — Esto ;  desisti  nempe,  nee  ultra 

Fovisti  errorem.     Breve  sit,  quod  turpiter  audes ;          165 

Quaedam  cum  prima  resecentur  crimina  barba; 

Indulge  veniam  pueris :  Lateranus  ad  illos 

Thermarum  calices  inscriptaque  lintea  vadit 

Maturus  bello,  Armeniae  Syriaeque  tuendis 

Amnibus  et  Rheno  atque  Histro ;  praestare  Neronem  170 

Securum  valet  haec  aetas.     Mitte  Ostia,  Caesar, 

Mitte,  sed  in  magna  legatiim  quaere  popina ; 

Invenies  aliquo  cum  percussore  iacentem, 

Permixtum  nautis  et  furibus  ac  fugitivis, 

Inter  carnifices  et  fabros  sandapilarum  175 

Et  resupinati  cessantia  tympana  Galli. 

Aequa  ibi  libertas,  communia  pocula,  lectus 

Non  alius  cuiquam,  nee  mensa  remotior  ulli. 

Quid  facias  talem  sortitus,  Pontice,  servum  ? 

Nempe  in  Lucanos  aut  Tusca  ergastula  mittas.  180 

At  vos,  Troiugenae,  vobis  ignoscitis  et,  quae 

Turpia  cerdoni,  Volesos  Brutumque  decebunt. 

Quid,  si  numquam  adeo  foedis  adeoque  pudendis 
Utimur  exemplis  ut  non  peiora  supersint? 
Consumptis  opibus  vocem,  Damasippe,  locasti  185 

Sipario,  clamosum  ageres  ut  Phasma  Catulli. 
Laureolum  velox  etiam  bene  Lentulus  egit, 
ludice  me  dignus  vera  cruce.     Nee  tamen  ipsi 
Ignoscas  populo  :  populi  frons  durior  huius, 
Qui  sedet  et  spectat  triscurria  patriciorum,  190 

Planipedes  audit  Fabios,  ridere  potest  qui 
Mamercorum  alapas.     Quanti  sua  funera  vendant, 

163.  dicet /HU,  die  *  t  P,  dicat  lahn.     176.  sandal  iorum  8. 


SATURA    VIII.  47 

Quid  refert?  vendunt  nullo  cogente  Nerone, 

Nee  dubitaut  celsi  praetoris  veiidere  ludis. 

Finge  tamen  gladios  inde  atque  hinc  pulpita  poni,        195 

Quid  satius?  mortem  sic  quisquam  exhorruit,  ut  sit 

Zelotypus  Thymeles,  stupidi  collega  Corinthi? 

Res  baud  mira  tamen,  citharoedo  principe,  mimus 

Nobilis.     Haec  ultra  quid  erit  nisi  Indus  ?  et  illic 

Dedecus  urbis  babes,  nee  murmillonis  in  armis,  200 

Nee  clipeo  Graccbum  pugnantem  aut  falce  supina — 

Damnat  enim  tales  habitus,  et  damnat  et  odit, 

Nee  galea  faciem  abscondit : — movet  ecce  tridentem 

Postquam  vibrata  pendentia  retia  dextra 

Nequiquam  effudit,  nudum  ad  spectacula  vultum          205 

Erigit,  et  tota  f  ugit  agnoscendus  harena. 

Credamus  tunicae,  de  faucibus  aurea  cum  se 

Porrigat  et  longo  iactetur  spira  galero. 

Ergo  ignominiam  graviorem  pertulit  omni 

Vulnere  cum  Graccho  iussus  pugnare  secutor.  210 

Libera  si  dentur  populo  suffragia,  quis  tarn 
Perditus  ut  dubitet  Senecam  praeferre  Neroni, 
Cuius  supplicio  non  debuit  una  parari 
Simia  nee  serpens  unus  nee  culleus  unus? 
Par  Agamemnonidae  crimen,  sed  causa  facit  rem          215 
Dissimilem  :  quippe  ille  deis  auctoribus  ultor 
Patris  erat  caesi  media  inter  pocula ;  sed  nee 
Electrae  iugulo  se  polluit  aut  Spartani 
Sanguine  coniugii,  nullis  aconita  propinquis 
Miscuit,  in  scaena  numquam  cantavit  Orestes,  220 

Troica  non  scripsit.     Quid  enim  Verginius  armis 
Debuit  uleisci  magis,  aut  cum  Vindice  Galba, 

194.  delebat  Ruperti.  202.  ddebant  Ruperti,  Heinrich  ;  et  pu,  sed  P, 
sed  —  abscondit  delebat  Hermann.  204.  vibrata  /»«,  bibrata  P,  librata 
j.  Macleane.  ' 


48  D.   I  UN.   1UVENAL1S 

Quod  Nero  tarn  saeva  crudaque  tyrannide  fecit? 

Haec  opera  atque  hae  sunt  generosi  principis  artes, 

Gaudentis  foedo  peregrina  ad  pulpita  cantu  225 

Prostitui  Graiaeque  apium  meruisse  coronae. 

Maiorum  effigies  habeant  insignia  vocis, 

Ante  pedes  Domiti  longum  tu  pone  Thyestae 

Syrma  vel  Antigonae  personam  vel  Melanippae, 

Et  de  marmoreo  citharam  suspende  colosso.  230 

Quid,  Catilina,  tuis  natalibus  atque  Cethegi 

Inveniet  quisquam  sublimius?  arma  tamen  vos 

Nocturna  et  flammas  domibus  templisque  paratis, 

Ut  Bracatorum  pueri  Senonumque  minores, 

Ausi  quod  liceat  tunica  punire  molesta.  235 

Sed  vigilat  consul  vexillaque  vestra  coercet : 

Hie  novus  Arpinas,  ignobilis  et  modo  Romae 

Municipalis  eques,  galeatum  ponit  ubique 

Praesidium  attonitis  et  in  omni  gente  laborat. 

Tantum  igitur  muros  intra  toga  contulit  illi  240 

Nominis  ac  tituli,  quantum  non  Leucade,  quantum 

Thessaliae  campis  Octavius  abstulit  udo 

Caedibus  adsiduis  gladio ;  sed  Roma  parentem, 

Roma  patrem  patriae  Ciceronem  libera  dixit. 

Arpinas  alius  Volscorum  in  monte  solebat  245 

Poscere  mercedes,  alieno  lassus  aratro ; 

Nodosam  post  haec  frangebat  vertice  vitem, 

Si  lentus  pigra  muniret  castra  dolabra. 

Hie  tamen  et  Cimbros  et  summa  pericula  remm 

Excipit,  et  solus  trepidantem  protegit  urbem ;  250 

Atque  ideo,  postquam  ad  Cimbros  stragemque  volabant, 

223.  quod  Madvig,  quid  Pu.  226.  Graiaeque  pa,  grataeque  P.  229. 
aeu  lahn,  aut  Hermann  ante  personam ;  Buecheler  vel  post  p.  addidit. 
239.  gente  ptt,  monte  et  ponte  S,  erasum  in  P,  inermi  raente  Weidner. 
241.  non  put,  in  P,  vix  Hermann,  unda  Weidner. 


SATURA   VIII.  49 

Qui  numquam  attigerant  maiora  cadavera  corvi, 

Nobilis  ornatur  lauru  collega  secunda. 

Plebeiae  Deciorum  animae,  plobeia  fucrunt 

Nomina ;  pro  totis  legionibus  hi  tamen  et  pro  255 

Omnibus  auxiliis  atque  omni  pube  Latina 

Sufficiunt  dis  infernis  terraeque  parenti ; 

Pluris  enim  Decii,  quam  quae  servantur  ab  illis. 

Ancilla  natus  trabeam  et  diadema  Quirini 

Et  fasces  meruit,  regum  ultimus  ille  bonorum.:  260 

Prodita  laxabant  portarum  claustra  tyrannis 

Exulibus  iuvenes  ipsius  consulis  et  quos 

Magnum  aliquid  dubia  pro  libertate  deceret, 

Quod  miraretur  cum  Coclite  Mucius  et  quae 

Imperii  fines  Tiberinum  virgo  natavit.  265 

Occulta  ad  patres  produxit  crimina  servus, 

Matronis  lugendus ;  at  illos  verbera  iustis 

Adficiunt  poenis  et  legum  prima  securis. 

Malo  pater  tibi  sit  Thersites,  dummodo  tu  sis 
Aeacidae  similis  Viilcanique  arma  capessas,  270 

Quam  te  Thersitae  similem  producat  Achilles. 
Et  tamen,  ut  longe  repetas  longeque  revolvas 
Nomen,  ab  infami  gentem  deducis  asylo ; 
Maiorum  primus,  quisquis  f  uit  ille,  tuorum 
Aut  pastor  f  uit  aut  illud  quod  dicere  nolo.  275 


The  Roman  circus. 


SATURA   X. 

OMNIBUS  in  terris,  quae  sunt  a  Gadibus  usque 

Auroram  et  Gangen,  pauci  dinoscere  possunt 

Vera  bona  atque  illis  multum  diversa,  remota 

Erroris  nebula.     Quid  enim  ratione  timemus 

Aut  cupimus  ?  quid  tarn  dextro  pede  concipis  ut  te          5 

Conatus  non  paeniteat  votique  peracti  ? 

Evertere  domos  tolas  optantibus  ipsis 

Di  faciles ;  nocitura  toga,  nocitura  petuntur 

Militia ;  torrens  dicendi  copia  multis 

Et  sua  mortifera  est  facundia ;  viribus  ille  10 

Confisus  periit  admirandisque  lacertis. 

Sed  plures  nimia  congesta  pecunia  cura 

Strangulat  et  cuncta  exuperans  patrimonia  census, 

Quanto  delphinis  ballaena  Britannica  maior. 

Temporibus  diris  igitur  fussuque  Neronis  15 

Longinum  et  magnos  Senecae  praedivitis  hortos 

Clausit  et  egregias  Lateranorum  obsidet  aedes 

Tota  cohors :  rarus  venit  in  cenacula  miles. 

Pauca  licet  portes  argenti  vascula  puri, 

Nocte  iter  ingressus  gladium  contumque  timebis  20 


SATURA  X.  51 

Et  motae  ad  lunam  trepidabis  haruiulinis  umbram : 

Cantabit  vacuus  coram  latnme  viator. 

Prima  fere  vota  et  cimctis  notissima  templis 

Divitiae,  crescant  ut  opes,  ut  maxima  toto 

Nostra  sit  area  foro.     Sed  nulla  aconita  bibuntur  25 

Fictilibus ;  tune  ilia  time,  cum  pocula  sumes 

Gemmata  et  lato  Setinum  ardebit  in  auro. 

lamne  igitur  laudas,  quod  de  sapientibus  alter 

Ridebat,  quotiens  de  limine  moverat  unum 

Protuleratque  pedem,  flebat  contrarius  auctor?  30 

Sed  facilis  cuivis  rigidi  censura  cachinni : 

Mirandum  est,  unde  ille  oculis  suffecerit  umor. 

Perpetuo  risu  pulmonem  agitare  solebat 

Democritus,  quamquam  non  esserit  urbibus  illis 

Praetextae,  trabeae,  fasces,  lectica,  tribunal.  35 

Quid,  si  vidisset  praetorem  curribus  altis 

Extantem  et  medii  sublimem  pulvere  circi 

In  tunica  lovis  et  pictae  Sarrana  ferentem 

Ex  umeris  aulaea  togae  magnaeque  coronae 

Tantum  orbem,  quanto  cervix  non  sufficit  ulla?  40 

Quippe  tenet  sudans  hanc  publicus  et,  sibi  consul 

Up  placeat,  curru  servus  portatur  eodem. 

Da  nunc  et  volucrem,  sceptro  quae  surgit  eburno, 

Illinc  cornicines,  hinc  praecedentia  longi 

Agminis  officia  et  niveos  ad  frena  Quirites,  45 

Defossa  in  loculos  quos  sportula  fecit  amicos. 

Turn  quoque  materiam  risus  invenit  ad  omnis 

Occursus  hominum,  cuius  prudentia  monstrat 

Summos  posse  viros  et  magna  exempla  daturos 

21.  umbram  w,  umbras  s,  umbra  P.  30.  auctor  PS,  alter  w.  31. 
cuivis  pvt  cuius  P.  35.  praetexta  et  rabeae  /*,  practcxta  trabeae  florile- 
gium  S.  (Jalli,  praetexta  et  trabeae  p.  46.  loculos  71,  loculis  u. 


52  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Vcrvecurn  in  patria  crassoque  sub  aere  nasci.  50 

Ridcbat  curas,  nee  non  et  gaudia  vulgi, 

Interdum  et  lacrimas,  cum  Fortunae  ipse  minaci 

Mandaret  laqueum  mediumque  ostenderet  unguem. 

Ergo  supervacua  aut  vel  perniciosa  petuntur, 

Propter  quae  fas  est  genua  incerare  deorum.  \V\  55 

Quosdam  praecipitat  subiecta  potentia  magnue 
Invidiae ;  mergit  longa  atque  insignis  honorum 
Pagina.     Desceiidunt  statuae  restemque  sequuntur, 
Ipsas  deinde  rotas  bigarum  inpacta  securis 
Oaedit  et  inmeritis  f  ranguutur  crura  caballis :  60 

lam  strident  ignes,  iam  follibus  atque  caminis 
Ardet  adoratum  populo  caput  et  crepat  ingens 
Seianus ;  deinde  ex  facie  toto  orbe  secunda 
Fiunt  urceoli,  pelves,  sartago,  matellae. 
Pone  domi  laurus,  due  in  Capitolia  magnum  65 

Cretatumque  bovem  :  Seianus  ducitur  unco 
Spectandus ;  gaudent  omnes :  "  Quae  labra,  quis  illi 
Vultus  erat !  numquam,  si  quid  mihi  credis,  amavi 
Hunc  hominem !  sed  quo  cecidit  sub  crimine  ?  quisnam 
Delator?  quibus  indieibus,  quo  teste  probavit?"  70 

"  Nil  horum  :  verbosa  et  grandis  epistula  venit  t 

A  Capreis." — "  Bene  habet ;  nil  plus  interrogo." — Sed  quid 
Turba  Remi  ?    Sequitur  Fortunam  ut  semper  et  odit 
Damnatos ;  idem  populus,  si  Nortia  Tusco 
Favisset,  si  oppressa  foret  secura  senectus  75 

Principis,  hac  ipsa  Seianum  diceret  hora 
Augustum.     Iam  pridem,  ex  quo  suffragia  nulli 
Vendimus,  effudit  curas ;  nam  qui  dabat  olim 
Imperium,  fasces,  legiones,  omnia,  nunc  se 

54.  aut  P<a,  vel  Doederlein,  ut  Munro,  aut  ne  p.  petantur  Lachmann, 
quae  Butcfieler.     64.  matellae  P,  patellae  t.     70.  indieibus  Pet,  indiciis  j. 


SATURA  X.  53 

Continet  atque  duas  tantum  res  anxius  optat,  80 

Panem  et  circenses. — "  Perituros  audio  multos." 

"Nil  dubium,  magna  est  fornacula;  palliduhis  mi 

Bruttidius  meus  ad  Martis  fuit  obvius  aram." 

"  Quam  timeo  victus  ne  poenas  exigat  Aiax 

Ut  male  defensus  !  curramus  praecipites  et,  85 

Durn  iacet  in  ripa,  calcemus  Caesaris  hostem. 

Sed  videaut  servi,  ne  quis  neget  et  pavidum  in  ius 

Cervice  obstricta  dominum  trahat." — Hi.sermones 

Tune  de  Seiano,  secreta  haec  murmura  vulgi. 

Visne  salutari  sicut  Seianus  ?  habere  90 

Tantundem  atque  illi  summas  donare  curules, 

Ilium  exercitibus  praeponere?  tutor  haberi 

Principis  augusta  Caprearum  in  rupe  sedentis 

Curn  grege  Chaldaeo?  vis  certe  pila,  cohortes, 

Egregios  equites  et  castra  domestica  ?  quidni  95 

Haec  cupias?  et  qui  nolunt  occidere  quemquam, 

Posse  volunt.     Sed  quae  praeclara  et  prospera  tanti 

Ut  rebus  laetis  par  sit  mensura  malorum  ? 

Huius,  qui  trahitur,  praetextam  sumere  mavis, 

An  Fidenarum  Gabiorumque  esse  potestas  100 

Et  de  mensura  ius  dicere,  vasa  minora 

Frangere  pannosus  vacuis  aedilis  Ulubris? 

Ergo  quid  optandum  foret,  ignorasse  fateris 

Seianum ;  nam  qui  nimios  optabat  honores 

Et  nimias  poscebat  opes,  numerosa  parabat  105 

Excelsae  turris  tabulata,  imde  altior  esset 

Casus  et  impulsae  praeceps  immane  ruinae. 

Quid  Crassos,  quid  Pompeios  evertit,  et  ilium, 

Ad  sua  qui  domitos  deduxit  flagra  Quirites? 

Summus  nempe  locus  nulla  non  arte  petitus,  110 

82.  pallidulus  miyxw,  pallHus  mihi  P.     93.  augusta  Ps,  angusta  j. 


Auriga. 


SATURA  X.  55 

Magnaque  nnminibus  vota  exaudita  malignis. 
Ad  generum  Cereris  sine  caede  ac  vulnere  pauci 
Descendant  reges  et  sicca  morte  tyranni. 

Eloquium  aut  famam  Deniosthenis  aufc  Ciceronis 
Incipit  optare  et  totis  quinquatribus  optat,  115 

Quisquis  adhuc  uno  parcam  colit  asse  Minervam, 
Quern  sequitur  custos  angustae  vernula  capsae. 
Eloquio  sed  uterque  perit  orator ;  utrumque 
Largus  et  exundans  leto  dedit  ingenii  fons. 
Ingenio  manus  est  et  cervix  caesa ;  nee  urnquam  120 

Sanguine  causidici  maduerunt  rostra  pusilli. 
"  0  fortunatam  natam  me  consule  Romam  ! " — 
Antoni  gladios  potuit  contemnere,  si  sic 
Omnia  dixisset.     Ridenda  poemata  malo, 
Quam  te  conspicuae,  divina  Philippica,  famae,  125 

Volveris  a  prima  quae  proxiraa.     Saevus  et  ilium 
Exitus  eripuit,  quern  mirabantur  Athenae 
Torrentem  et  pleni  moderantem  frena  theatri. 
Dis  ille  adversis  genitus  fatoque  sinistro, 
Quern  pater  ardentis  massae  fuligine  lippus  130 

A  carbone  et  forcipibus  gladiosque  parante 
Incude  et  luteo  Vulcano  ad  rhetora  misit. 

Bellorum  exuviae,  truncis  adfixa  tropaeis 
Lorica  et  fracta  de  casside  buccula  pendens 
Et  curtum  temone  iugum  victaeque  triremis  135 

Aplustre  et  summo  tristis  captivus  in  arcu 
Humanis  maiora  bonis  creduntur.     Ad  hoc  se 
Romanus  Graiusque  et  barbarus  induperator 
Erexit :  causas  discriminis  atque  laboris 
Inde  habuit.     Tanto  maior  famae  sitis  est,  quam          140 
Virtutis.     Quis  enim  virtutem  amplectitur  ipsam, 


114.  aut  famam  /',  ac  famam  />«.     116.  parcam  /'.  partain  p*. 


56  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Praemia  si  tollas  ?  patriam  tamen  obruit  olim 

Gloria  paucorum  et  laudis  titulique  cupido 

Haesuri  saxis  cinerum  custodibus,  ad  quae 

Disoutienda  valent  sterilis  mala  robora  fici,  145 

Quandoquidem  data  sunt  ipsis  quoque  fata  sepulcris. 

Expende  Hannibalem :  quot  libras  in  duce  summo 

Invenies?  hie  est,  quern  non  capit  Africa  Mauro 

Percussa  Oceauo  Niloque  admota  tepenti, 

Rursus  ad  Aethiopum  populos  altosque  elephantos.       150 

Additur  imperiis  Hispauia,  Pyrenaeum 

Transilit ;  opposuit  natura  Alpemque  nivemque : 

Diducit  scopulos  et  montem  rumpit  aceto. 

lam  tenet  Italiam ;  tamen  ultra  pergere  tendit : 

"  Actum,"  inquit,  "  nihil  est,  nisi  Poeno  milite  portas  155 

Frangimus  et  media  vexillum  pono  Subura." 

0  qualis  facies  et  quali  digna  tabella, 

Cum  Gaetula  ducem  portaret  belua  luscum! 

Exitus  ergo  quis  est  ?  0  gloria !  vincitur  idem 

Nempe  et  in  exilium  praeceps  fugit  atque  ibi  magnus  160 

Mirandusque  cliens  sedet  ad  praetoria  regis, 

Donee  Bithyno  libeat  vigilare  tyranno. 

Finem  animae,  quae  res  humanas  miscuit  olim, 

Non  gladii,  non  saxa  dabunt,  nee  tela,  sed  ille 

Cannarum  vindex  et  tanti  sanguinis  ultor  165 

Anulus.     I  demens  et  saevas  curre  per  Alpes, 

Ut  pueris  placeas  et  declamatio  fias ! 

Unus  Pellaeo  iuveni  non  sufficit  orbis ; 

Aestuat  infelix  angusto  limite  muridi, 

Ut  Gyari  clausus  scopulis  parvaque  Seripho :  170 

Cum  tamen  a  figulis  munitam  intraverit  urbem, 

Sarcophago  contentus  erit.     Mors  sola  fatetur 

145.  fici  Ps,  ficus  u.     160.  altos  Ps,  alios  o>. 


SATURA  X.  5Y 

Quantula  sint  hominum  corpuscula.     Oreditur  olim 

Velificatus  Athos  et  quidquid  (Jraecia  mendax 

Audet  in  historia,  constratum  classibus  isdern  175 

Suppositumque  rotis  solidum  mare  ;  credimus  altos 

Defecisse  amnes  epotaque  flumina  Medo 

Prandente,  et  madidis  cantat  quae  Sostratus  alls. 

Ille  tamen  qualis  rediit  Salamine  relicta, 

In  Corum  atque  Eurum  solitus  saevire  flagellis  180 

Barbarus,  Aeolio  numquam  hoc  in  carcere  passes, 

Ipsum  conpedibus  qui  vinxerat  Ennosigaeum? 

Mitius  id  sane,  quod  non  et  stigmate  dignum 

Credidit.     Huic  quisquam  vellet  servire  deorum ! 

Sed  qualis  rediit  ?  nempe  una  nave,  cruentis  185 

Fluctibus  ac  tarda  per  densa  cadavera  prora. 

Has  totiens  optata  exegit  gloria  poenas ! 

"  Da  spatium  vitae,  multos  da,  luppiter,  annos ! " 
Hoc  recto  vultu,  solum  hoc  et  pallidus  optas. 
Sed  quam  continuis  et  quantis  longa  senectus  190 

Plena  malis !  deformem  et  taetrum  ante  omnia  vnltum 
Dissimilemque  sui,  deformem,  pro  cute  pellem 
Pendentisque  genas  et  talis  aspice  rugas, 
Quales,  umbriferos  ubi  pandit  Thabraca  saltus, 
In  vetula  scalpit  iam  mater  simia  bucca.  195 

Plurima  sunt  iuvenum  discrimina ;  pulchrior  ille 
Hoc,  atque  ille  alio,  multum  hie  robustior  illo : 
Una  senum  facies,  cum  voce  trementia  membra 
Et  iam  leve  caput  madid ique  infantia  nasi, 
Frangendus  misero  gingiva  panis  inermi.  200 

Usque  adeo  gravis  uxori  natisque  sibique, 
Ut  captatori  moveat  fastidia  Cosso. 


175.  constratum  ptt,  contractum  P.     189.  delebat  Heinrich,  hoc  recto 
w,  hoc  alto  recto  P      197.  ille  om.  P. 


58  D.  IUN. 

Non  eadem  vini  atque  cibi,  torpente  palato, 
Gaudia.  204 

Aspice  partis  209 

Nunc  damnum  alterius ;  nam  quae  oantante  voluptas,  210 
Sit  licet  eximius,  citharoedo  sive  Seleuco, 
Et  quibus  aurata  mos  est  fulgere  lacerna? 
Quid  refert  magni  sedeat  qua  parte  theatri, 
Qui  vix  cornicines  exaudiet  atque  tubarum 
Concentus  ?  clamore  opus  est,  ut  sentiat  auris,  215 

Quern  dicat  venisse  puer,  quot  nuutiet  horas. 
Praeterea  minimus  gelido  iam  in  corpore  sanguis 
Febre  calet  sola  :  circumsilit  agmine  facto 
Morborum  omne  genus ;  quorum  si  nornina  quaeras,      219 
Percurram  citius  quot  villas  possideat  nunc,  225 

Quo  tondente  gravis  iuveni  mihi  barba  sonabat. 
Ille  umero,  hie  lumbis,  hie  coxa  debilis ;  ambos 
Perdidit  ille  oculos  et  luscis  invidet ;  huius 
Pallida  labra  cibum  accipiunt  digitis  alienis, 
Ipse  ad  conspectum  cenae  diducere  rictum  230 

Suetus  hiat  tantum,  ceu  pullus  hirundinis,  ad  quern 
Ore  volat  pleno  mater  ieiuna.     Sed  omni 
Membrorum  damno  maior  dementia,  quae  nee 
Nomina  servorum  nee  vultum  agnoscit  amici, 
Cum  quo  praeierita  cenavit  nocte,  nee  illos,  235 

Quos  genuit,  quos  eduxit.     Nam  codice  saevo 
Heredes  vetat  esse  suos,  bona  tota  feruutur 
Ad  Phialen.   j  sss 

Ut  vigeant  sensus  animi,  ducenda  tamen  sunt  240 

Funera  natorum,  rogus  aspiciendus  amatae 
Coniugis  et  fratris  plenaeque  sororibus  urnae. 

211.  sive  Seleuco  P,  sitve  Seleucus  o>.     217.  in  om.  i.     232.  mater 
ieiuna /><!>,  materiae  luna  P.     240.  sunt  pta,  sint  P. 


SATURA  X.  59 

Haec  data  poena  diu  viventibus,  ut  renovata 

Semper  clade  domus  multis  in  luctibtis  inque 

Perpetuo  maerore  et  nigra  veste  senescant.  245 

Rex  Pylius,  magno  si  quidquam  credis  Homero, 

Exemplum  vitae  fuit  a  cornice  secundae. 

Felix  nimirum,  qui  tot  per  saecula  mortem 

Distulit  atque  suos  iam  dextra  computat  annos, 

Quique  novum  totiens  mustum  bibit.     Oro,  parumper  250 

Attendas,  quantum  de  legibus  ipse  queratur 

Fatorum  et  nimio  de  stamine,  cum  videt  acris 

Antilochi  barbam  ardentem,  cum  quaerit  ab  omni 

Quisquis  adest  socius,  cur  haec  in  tempora  duret, 

Quod  f acinus  dignum  tarn  longo  admiserit  aevo.  255 

Haec  eadem  Peleus,  raptum  cum  luget  Achillem, 

Atque  alius,  cui  fas  Ithacum  lugere  natantem. 

Incolumi  Troia  Priamus  venisset  ad  umbras 

Assaraci  magnis  sollemnibus,  Hectore  funus 

Portante  ac  reliquis  fratrum  cervicibus  inter  260 

Iliadum  lacrimas,  ut  primes  edere  planctus 

Cassandra  inciperet  scissaque  Polyxena  palla, 

Si  foret  exstinctus  diverso  tempore,  quo  non 

Coeperat  audaces  Paris  aedificare  carinas. 

Longa  dies  igitur  quid  contulit?  omnia  vidit  265 

Eversa  et  flammis.  Asiam  ferroque  cadentem. 

Tune  miles  tremulus  posita  tulit  arma  tiara 

Et  ruit  ante  aram  summi  lovis,  ut  vetulus  bos, 

Qui  domini  cultris  tenue  et  miserabile  collum 

Praebet,  ab  ingrato  iam  fastiditus  aratro.  270 

Exitus  ille  utcumque  hominis,  sed  torva  canino 

Latravit  rictu,  quae  post  hune  vixerat,  uxor. 

248.  viventibus  />«,  viventi  est  Weidner.     245.  senescant  /*»,  senes- 
cat  P.     259.  roagni  P.     263.  quo  non  P,  quo  iam  «. 


60  D.  I  UN.  1UVENALIS 

Festino  ad  nostros  et  regem  transeo  Ponti 
Et  Croesum,  quern  vox  iusti  facunda  Solonis 
Respicere  ad  longae  iussit  spatia  ultima  vitae.  275 

Exilium  et  career  Minturnarumque  paludes 
Et  mendicatus  victa  Carthagine  panis 
Hinc  causas  habuere.     Quid  illo  cive  tulisset 
Natura  in  terris,  quid  Roma  beatius  umquam, 
Si  circumducto  captivorum  agmine  et  omni  280 

Bellorum  pompa  animam  exhalasset  opimam, 
Cum  de  Teutonico  vellet  descendere  curru  ? 
Provida  Pompeio  dederat  Campania  febres 
Optandas,  sed  multae  urbes  et  publica  vota 
Vicerunt ;  igitur  fortuna  ipsius  et  urbis  285 

Servatum  victo  capat  abstulit.     Hoc  cruciatu 
Lentulus,  hac  poena  caruit  ceciditque  Cethegus 
Integer,  et  iacuit  Catilina  cadavere  toto.  2»s 

"  Nil  ergo  optabunt  homines  ?  " — Si  consilium  vis,     345 
Permittes  ipsis  expendere  numinibus  quid 
Conveniat  nobis  rebusque  sit  utile  nostris. 
Nam  pro  iucundis  aptissima  quaeque  dabunt  di. 
Carior  est  illis  bomo,  quam  sibi.     Nos  animorum          350 
Impulsu  et  caeca  magnaque  cupidine  ducti 
Coniugium  petimus  partumque  uxoris ;  at  illis 
Notum  qui  pueri  qualisque  futura  sit  uxor. 
Ut  tamen  et  poscas  aliquid  voveasque  sacellis 
Exta  et  candiduli  divina  tomacula  porci,  355 

Orandum  est  ut  sit  mens  sana  in  corpore  sano. 
Fortem  posce  animum,  mortis  terrore  carentem, 
Qui  spatium  vitae  extremum  inter  munera  ponat 
Naturae,  qui  ferre  queat  quoscumque  labores, 
Nesciat  irasci,  cupiat  nihil  et  potiores  360 

369.  dolores  Rupcrti, 


SATURA  X.  61 

Hcrculis  aerumnas  credat  saevosquc  labores 

Et  Venere  et  cenis  et  pluma  Sardanapalli. 

Monstro  quod  ipse  tibi  possis  dare ;  semita  certe 

Tranquillae  per  virtutem  patet  unica  vitae. 

Nullum  numen  habes,  si  sit  prudentia;  nos  te  365 

Nos  facimus,  Fortuna,  deam  caeloque  locamus. 


365.  babes  Pu,  abest  p. 


Reading  from  Homer. 

SATURA  XL 

US  eximie  si  cenat,  lautus  habetur ; 
Si  Rutilus,  demens.     Quid  enim  maiore  cachinno 
Excipitur  vulgi,  quam  pauper  Apicius  ?  omnes 
Convictus,  thermae,  stationes,  omne  theatrum 
De  Rutilo.     Nam  dum  valida  ac  iuvenalia  membra 
Sufficiunt  galeae,  dumque  ardet  sanguine,  fertur, 
Non  cogente  quidem,  sed  nee  prohibente  tribune, 
Scripturus  leges  et  regia  verba  lanistae. 
Multos  porro  vides,  quos  saepe  elusus  ad  ipsum 
Creditor  introitum  solet  expectare  macelli, 
Et  quibus  in  solo  vivendi  causa  palato  est. 
Egregius  cenat  meliusque  miserrimus  horum 
Et  cito  casurus  iam  perlucente  ruina. 
Interea  gustus  elemeuta  per  omnia  quaerunt, 
Numquam  animo  pretiis  opstantibus ;  interius  si 
Attendas,  magis  ilia  iuvant,  quae  pluris  ementur. 


10 


15 


8.  onmis    /'  rasa  i.     6.  ardet  Guietus,  ardenti  P,  ardcns  po>,  ardent 
Barthius.     16.  ementur  P,  emuntur />o>. 


SAT  UK  A   XI.  (}3 

Ergo  baud  difficile  est  perituram  arcessere  summam, 

Lancibus  oppositis  vel  matris  imagine  fracta, 

Et  quadringentis  nunimis  condire  gulosum 

Fictile :  sic  veniunt  ad  miscillanea  ludi.  20 

Ilefert  ergo,  quis  haec  eadem  paret :  in  Rutilo  nam 

Luxuria  est,  in  Ventidio  laudabile  nomen 

Sumit  et  a  censu  famam  trahit.     Ilium  ego  iure 

Despiciam,  qui  scit  quanto  sublimior  Atlas 

Omnibus  in  Libya  sit  montibus,  hie  tamen  idem  25 

Ignoret  quantum  ferrata  distet  ab  area 

Sacculus.     E  caelo  descendit  yvudi  veavrov, 

Figendum  et  memori  tractandum  pectore,  sive 

Coniugium  quaeras  vel  sacri  in  parte  senatus 

Esse  velis ;  neque  enim  loricam  poscit  Achillis  30 

Thersites,  in  qua  se  traducebat  Ulixes; 

Ancipitem  seu  tu  magno  discrimine  causam 

Protegere  adfectas,  te  consule,  die  tibi  qui  sis, 

Orator  vehemens,  an  Curtius  et  Matho  buccae. 

Noscenda  est  mensura  sui  spectandaque  rebus  35 

In  summis  minimisque,  etiam  cum  piscis  emetur ; 

Ne  mullum  cupias,  cum  sit  tibi  gobio  tantum 

In  loculis.     Quis  enim  te  deficiente  crumina 

Et  crescente  gula  manet  exitus,  aere  paterno 

Ac  rebus  mersis  in  ventrem,  faenoris  atque  40 

Argenti  gravis  et  pecorum  agrorumque  capacem  ? 

Talibus  a  dominis  post  cuncta  novissimus  exit 

Anulus,  et  digito  mendicat  Pollio  nudo. 

Non  praematuri  cineres  nee  funus  acerbum 

Luxuriae,  sed  morte  magis  metuenda  senectus.  45 

Hi  plerumque  gradus :  conducta  pecunia  Romae 

Et  coram  dominis  consumitur ;  inde  ubi  paulum 

35.  suis  P.     38.  c  ...  ina  Pt  crumena  /x»,  culina  $. 


64  L>.   I  UN.   IUVENALIS 

Nescio  quid  superest  et  pallet  faenoris  auctor, 

Qui  vertere  solum,  Baias  ct  ad  ostrea  currunt. 

Cedere  narnquc  foro  iam  lion  est  deterius  quam  50 

Esquilias  a  fervent!  migrare  Subura. 

Ille  dolor  solus  patriam  fugientibus,  ilia 

Maestitia  est,  caruisse  anno  circensibus  uno. 

Sanguinis  in  facie  non  haeret  gutta ;  morantur 

Pauci  ridiculum  effugientem  ex  urbe  pudorem.  55 

Experiere  hodie,  numquid  pulcherrima  dictu, 
Persice,  non  praestem  vita  vel  moribus  et  re, 
Si  laudem  siliquas  occultus  ganeo,  pultes 
Coram  aliis  dictem  puero,  sed  in  aure  placentas. 
Nam  cum  sis  conviva  mihi  promissus,  habebis  60 

Evandrum,  veuies  Tirynthius  aut  minor  illo 
Hospes,  et  ipse  tamen  contingens  sanguine  caelum : 
Alter  aquis,  alter  flammis  ad  sidera  missus. 
Fercula  nunc  audi  nullis  ornata  macellis. 
De  Tiburtino  veniet  pinguissimus  agro  65 

Haedulus  et  toto  grege  mollior,  inscius  herbae, 
Necdum  ausus  virgas  humilis  mordere  salicti, 
Qui  plus  lactis  habet  quam  sanguinis,  et  montani 
Asparagi,  posito  quos  legit  vilica  f  uso  ; 
Grandia  praeterea  tortoque  calentia  faeno  70 

Ova  adsunt  ipsis  cum  matribus,  et  servatae 
Parte  anni,  quales  fuerant  in  vitibus,  uvae, 
Signinum  Syriumque  pirum,  de  corbibus  isdem 
Aemula  Picenis  et  odoris  mala  recentis, 
Nee  metuenda  tibi,  siccatum  frigore  postquam  75 

Autumnum  et  crudi  posuere  pericula  suci. 
Haec  olim  nostri  iam  luxuriosa  senatus 

65.  effugientem  Pa>,  ct  fugientem  s  Priscian.     6*7.  vel/>«,  . .  .  P,  nee 
s.     58.  si  P,  sed  pv.     63.  missis  P. 


SATURA   XI.  65 

Cena  f  uit :  Curius,  parvo  quae  legerat  horto, 

Ipse  focis  brevibus  ponebat  holuscula,  quae  nunc 

Squalidus  in  magna  fastidit  compede  fossor,  80 

Qui  meminit,  calidae  sapiat  quid  vulva  popinae. 

Sicci  terga  suis,  rara  pendentia  crate, 

Moris  erat  quondam  festis  servare  diebus 

Et  natalicium  cognatis  ponere  lardum, 

Accedente  nova,  si  quam  dabat  hostia,  carne.  85 

Cognatorum  aliquis,  titulo  ter  consulis  atque 

Castrorum  imperiis  et  dictatoris  honore 

Functus,  ad  has  epulas  solito  maturius  ibat, 

Erectum  domito  referens  a  monte  ligonem. 

Cum  tremerent  autem  Fabios  durumque  Catonem          90 

Et  Scauros  et  Fabricium,  postremo  severos 

Censoris  mores  etiam  collega  timeret, 

Nemo  inter  curas  et  seria  duxit  habendam, 

Qualis  in  Oceano  fluctu  testudo  nataret, 

Clarum  Troiugenis  factura  et  nobile  fulcrum ;  95 

Sed  nudo  latere  et  parvis  frons  aerea  lectis 

Vile  coronati  caput  ostendebat  aselli, 

Ad  quod  lascivi  ludebant  ruris  alumni. 

Tales  ergo  cibi,  qualis  domus  atque  supellex. 

Tune  rudis  et  Graias  mirari  nescius  artes  100 

Urbibus  eversis  praedarum  in  parte  reperta 

Magnorum  artificum  frangebat  pocula  miles, 

Ut  phaleris  gauderet  equus  caelataque  cassis 

Romuleae  simulacra  ferae  mansuescere  iussae 

Imperii  fato,  geminos  sub  rupe  Quirinos,  105 

Ac  nudam  effigiem  clipeo  venientis  et  hasta 

81.  sapiat  quid  pa>,  sapiat  qui  P.  91.  Fabricium  P,  Fabricios  u, 
postremo  P,  rigidique  w.  93.  habendam  P,  habendum  pta.  94.  oceano 
y,  oceana  P,  oceani  pta.  99.  delebat  Hdnrich.  100.  rudis  pa,  ruris  P. 


QQ  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Peadentisque  del  perituro  ostenderet  hosti. 

Ponebant  igitnr  Tusco  farrata  catino ; 

Argenti  quod  erat,  soils  fulgebat  in  armis. 

Omnia  tune,  quibus  invideas,  si  lividulus  sis.  110 

Templorum  quoque  maiestas  praesentior  et  vox 

Nocte  fere  media  mediamque  audita  per  urbem, 

Litore  ab  Oceani  Gallis  venieutibus  et  dis 

Officium  vatis  peragentibus ;  his  monuit  nos, 

Hanc  rebus  Latiis  curam  praestare  solebat  115 

Fictilis  et  nullo  violatus  luppiter  auro. 

Ilia  domi  natas  nostraque  ex  arbore  mensas 

Tempora  viderunt ;  hos  lignum  stabat  ad  usus, 

Annosam  si  forte  nucem  deiecerat  Eurus. 

At  mine  divitibus  eenandi  nulla  voluptas,  120 

Nil  rhombus,  nil  dam  ma  sapit,  putere  videntur 

Unguenta  atque  rosae,  latos  nisi  sustinet  orbes 

Grande  ebur  et  magno  sublimis  pardus  hiatu, 

Dentibus  ex  illis,  quos  mittit  porta  Syenes 

Et  Mauri  celeres  et  Mauro  obscurior  Indus,  125 

Et  quos  deposuit  Nabataeo  belua  saltu, 

lam  nimios  capitique  graves.     Hinc  surgit  orexis, 

Hinc  stomacho  vires ;  nam  pes  argenteus  illis, 

Auulus  in  digito  quod  ferreus.     Ergo  superbum 

Convivam  caveo,  qui  me  sibi  comparet  et  res  130 

Despicit  exiguas.     Adeo  nulla  uncia  nbbis 

.Est  eboris,  nee  tessellae,  nee  calculus  ex  hac 

Materia  quin  ipsa  manubria  cultellorum 

Ossea;  non  tamen  his  ulla  umquam  obsonia  fiunt 

Hancidula,  aut  ideo  peior  gallina  secatur.  135 

Sed  nee  s'tructor  erit,  cui  cedere  debeat  omnis 

109.  orn.  j.     110.  tune  in  qtiibus  P  rasa  in.     118.  hos  w,  hoc  P. 
130.  coroparet  PS,  comparat  w.     136.  cedere  po>,  credere  P. 


SAT  UK  A   XI.  67 

Pergula,  discipulus  Trypheri  doctoris,  apnd  quern 

Sumine  cum  inagno  lupus  atque  aper  et  pygargus 

Et  Scythicac  volucres  et  phoenicopterus  ingens 

Et  Gaetulus  oryx  hebeti  lautissima  ferro  140 

Caeditur  et  tota  sonat  ulmea  cena  Subura. 

Nee  frustum  capreae  subducere  nee  latus  Afrae 

Novit  avis  noster,  tirunculus  ac  rudis  omni 

Tempore  et  exiguae  furtis  inbutus  ofellae. 

Plebeios  calices  et  paucis  assibus  emptos  145 

Porriget  incultus  puer  atque  a  f  rigore  tutus ; 

Non  Phryx  aut  Lycius,  non  a  mangone  petitus 

Quisquam  erit :  in  magno  cum  posces,  posce  Latine. 

Idem  habitus  cunctis,  tonsi  rectique  capilli 

Atque  hodie  tantum  propter  convivia  pexi.  150 

Pastoris  duri  bic  est  filius,  ille  bubulci. 

Suspirat  longo  non  visam  tempore  matiem, 

Et  casulam  et  notos  tristis  desiderat  haedos, 

Ingenui  vultus  puer  ingenuique  pudoris, 

Quales  esse  decet,  quos  ardeiis  purpura  vestit.  155 

Hie  tibi  vina  dabit  diffusa  in  montibus  illis,  is» 

A  quibus  ipse  venit,  quorum  sub  vertice  lusit ;  1GO 

Namque  una  atque  eadem  est  vini  patria  atque  ministri.  iei 

Nostra  dabunt  alios  hodie  convivia  ludos :  in 

Conditor  Iliados  cantabitur  atque  Maronis  180 

AHisoni  dubiam  facientia  carmina  palmam. 

Quid  refert,  tales  versus  qua  voce  legantur? 

Sed  mine  dilatis  averte  negotia  curis  ' 

Et  gratam  requiem  dona  tibi :  quando  licebat 
Per  totum  cessare  diem  ?  non  faenoris  ulla  185 

142.  capreae  puS,  caprae  P.  147.  non  —  magno  ddebat  Quietus. 
148.  in  magno  PSs,  et  magno  o>.  161.  delebat  Markland.  180.  condi- 
tor  f<w,  condi  .  .  .  tur  P,  conducitur  S.  184.  licebit  pa,  licebat  P. 


68  D-  IUN.  1UVENALIS 

Mentio.  '86 

Protinus  ante  meum  quidquid  dolet  exue  limen;  190 

Pone  domum  et  servos  et  quidquid  frangitur  illis 

Ant  perit ;  ingratos  ante  omnia  pone  sodales. 

Interea  Megalesiacae  spectacula  mappae, 

Idaeum  sollemne,  colunt,  similisque  trinmpho 

Praeda  caballorum  praetor  sedet  ac,  milii  pace  195 

Immensae  nimiaeque  licet  si  dicere  plebis, 

Totam  hodie  Romam  circus  capit  et  fragor  aurem 

Percutit,  eventum  viridis  quo  colligo  panni ; 

Nam  si  deficeret,  maestam  attonitamque  videres 

Hanc  urbem,  veluti  Cannarum  in  pulvere  victis  200 

Consulibus.     Spectent  iuvenes,  quos  clamor  et  audax 

Spousio,  quos  cultae  decet  adsedisse  puellae ; 

Nostra  bibat  vernum  contracta  cuticula  solem 

Effugiatque  togam.     lam  nunc  in  balnea  salva 

Fronte  licet  vadas,  quamquam  solida  hora  supersit        205 

Ad  sextam.     Facere  hoc  non  possis  quinque  diebus 

Continuis,  quia  sunt  talis  quoque  taedia  vitae 

Magna ;  voluptates  commendat  rarior  usus. 

208.  rarior  pta,  parior  P. 


Bas-relief  :  Rowers  in  an  Attic  trireme. 


SATURA  XII. 

NATALI,  Corvine,  die  mihi  dulcior  haec  lux, 

Qua  festus  promissa  deis  animalia  caespes 

Expectat.     Niveam  reginae  ducimus  agnam ; 

Par  vellus  dabitur  pugnanti  Gorgone  Maura ; 

Sed  procul  extensum  petulans  quatit  hostia  f  unem  5 

Tarpeio  servata  lovi  f rontemque  coruscat ; 

Quippe  ferox  vitulus,  templis  maturus  et  arae 

Spargendusque  mero,  quern  iam  pudet  ubera  matris 

Ducere,  qui  vexat  nascenti  robora  cornu. 

Si  res  ampla  domi  similisque  affectibus  esset,  10 

Pinguior  Hispulla  traheretur  taurus  et  ipsa 

Mole  piger,  nee  finitima  nutritus  in  herba, 

Laeta  sed  ostendens  Clitumni  pascua  sanguis 

Iret  et  a  grandi  cervix  ferienda  ministro, 

Ob  reditum  trepidantis  adhuc  horrendaque  passi  15 

Nuper  et  incolumem  sese  mirantis  amici. 

Nam  praeter  pelagi  casus  et  fulminis  ictus 

14.  iret  P«,  Umber  Weidner. 


70  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Evasit.     Densae  caelum  abscondere  tencbrae 

Nube  una,  subitusque  antemnas  inpulit  ignis, 

Cum  se  quisque  illo  percussum  crederet,  et  mox  20 

Attonitus  nullum  conferri  posse  putaret 

Xaufragium  velis  ardentibus.     Omnia  fiunt 

Talia,  tarn  graviter,  si  quando  poetica  surgit 

Tempestas.     Genus  ecce  aliud  discriminis ;  audi 

Et  miserere  iterum,  quamquam  sint  cetera  sortis  25 

Eiusdem,  pars  dira  quidem,  sed  cognita  multis 

Et  quam  votiva  testautur  fana  tabella 

Plurima ;  pictores  quis  nescit  ab  Iside  pasci  ? 

Accidit  et  nostro  similis  fortuna  Catullo. 

Cum  plenus  fluctu  medius  foret  alveus,  et  iam  30 

Alternum  puppis  latus  evertentibus  undis, 

Arbori  incertae  nullam  prudentia  cani 

Rectoris  conferret  opem,  decidere  iactu 

Coepit  cum  ventis.  s* 

"  Fundite,  quae  mea  sunt,"  dicebat,  "  cuncta,"  Catullus,  37 

Praecipitare  volens  etiam  pulcherrima,  vestem 

Purpuream,  teneris  quoque  Maecenatibus  aptam, 

Atque  alias,  quarum  generosi  graminis  ipsum  40 

Infecit  natura  pecus,  sed  et  egregius  fons 

Viribus  occultis  et  Baeticus  adiuvat  aer. 

Ille  nee  argentum  dubitabat  mittere,  lances 

Parthenio  factas,  urnae  cratera  capacem 

Et  dignum  sitiente  Pholo  vel  coniuge  Fusci;  45 

Adde  et  bascaudas  et  mille  escaria,  multum 

Caelati,  biberat  quo  callidus  emptor  Olynthi. 

Sed  quis  nunc  alius,  qua  mundi  parte  quis  audet 

23.  si  P«,  quara  Schurzfleisch.  29.  damnarat  lalin.  32.  arbori 
Lachmann,  arboris  Pu,  aequoris  (inccrti)  lacobs,  arbitrio  incerto  Bezzen- 
bcrger,  arboris  — nutu  et  (S3)  non  ferret  Weidner.  47.  quo  jxa,  quod  P  ; 
rallidup  j,  pallidus  P, 


SATURA  XII.  71 

Argento  praeferre  caput  rebusque  salutem  ? 

Non  propter  vitam  faciunt  patrimonia  quidam,  50 

Sed  vitio  caeci  propter  patrimonia  vivunt. 

lactatur  rerum  utilium  pars  maxima,  sed  nee 

Damna  levant ;  tune  adversis  urguentibus  illuc 

Reccidit  ut  malum  ferro  summitteret,  ac  se 

Explicat  angustum :  discriminis  ultima,  quando  55 

Praesidia  adferimus  navem  factura  minorem. 

I  nunc  et  ventis  animam  committe,  dolato 

Confisus  Hgno,  digitis  a  morte  remotus 

Quattuor  aut  septem,  si  sit  latissima  taeda ; 

Mox  cum  reticulis  et  pane  et  ventre  lagonae  60 

Aspice  sumendas  in  tempestate  secures. 

Sed  postquam  iacuit  planum  mare,  tempora  postquam 

Prospera  vectoris  fatumque  valentius  Euro 

Et  pelago,  postquam  Parcae  meliora  benigna 

Pensa  manu  ducunt  hilares  et  staminis  albi  65 

Lanificae,  modica  nee  multum  fortior  aura 

Ventus  adest,  inopi  miserabilis  arte  cucurrit 

Vestibus  extentis  et,  quod  superaverat  unum, 

Velo  prora  suo.     lam  deftcientibus  Austris 

Spes  vitae  cum  sole  redit ;  time  gratus  lulo  70 

Atque,  novercali  sedes  praelata  Lavino, 

Conspicitur  sublimis  apex,  cui  Candida  nomen 

Scrofa  dedit,  laetis  Phrygibus  miserabile  sumen, 

Et  numquam  visis  triginta  clara  mamillis. 

Tandem  intrat  positas  inclusa  per  aequora  moles  75 

Tyrrhenamque  pharon  porrectaque  braccbia  rursuni, 

Quae  pelago  occurrunt  medio  longeque  relinquunt 

60,  61.  delebat  Sentley.  54.  recidit  P,  decidit  u.  61.  aspicc  Pw 
respice  lahn.  71.  Lavinio  A,  de  Roog,  Lavino  Pw.  73.  miserabile  PS, 
mirabile  «& 


72  D.  IUN.  IUVENAL1S 

Italiani ;  non  sic  igitur  mirabere  portus, 

Quos  natura  dedit ;  sed  trunca  puppe  magister 

Interiora  petit  Baianae  pervia  cumbae,  80 

Tuti  stagna  sinus.     Gaudent  ibi  vertice  raso 

Garrula  securi  narrare  pericula  nautae. 

Ite  igitur,  pueri,  linguis  animisque  faventes, 
Sertaque  delubris  et  farra  inponite  cultris 
Ac  mollis  ornate  f ocos  glebamque  virentem !  85 

lam  sequar  et  sacro,  quod  praestat,  rite  peracto 
Inde  domum  repetam,  graciles  ubi  parva  coronas 
Accipiurft  fragili  simulacra  nitentia  cera. 
Hie  nostrum  placabo  lovem  Laribusque  paternis 
Tura  dabo  atque  omnis  violae  iactabo  colores.  90 

Cuncta  nitent ;  longos  erexit  ianua  ramos 
Et  matutinis  operatur  festa  lucernis. 
Nee  suspecta  tibi  sint  haec,  Corvine.     Catullus, 
Pro  cuius  reditu  tot  pono  altaria,  parvos 
Tres  habet  heredes.     Libet  expectare,  quis  aegram          95 
Et  claudentem  oculos  gallinam  inpendat  amico 
Tarn  sterili ;  verum  haec  nimia  est  inpensa ;  coturnix 
Nulla  umquam  pro  patre  cadet.     Sentire  calorem 
Si  coepit  locuples  Gallitta  et  Pacius  orbi, 
Legitime  fixis  vestitur  tota  libellis  100 

Portions,  existunt  qui  promittant  hecatomben ; 
Quatenus  hie  non  sunt  nee  venales  elephanti, 
Nee  Latio  aut  usquam  sub  nostro  sidere  talis 
Belua  concipitur,  sed  furva  gente  petita 
Arboribus  Rutulis  et  Turni  pascitur  agro,  105 

Caesaris  armentum,  nulli  servire  paratum 
Private ;  siquidem  Tyrio  parerc  solebant 

81.  ibi  Ps,  ubi  u.     93.  ne  Lachmann ;  tibi  pv,  ibi  P.     100.  libellis 
Pj,  tabellis  j. 


SATUBA  XII.  73 

Hannibali  et  nostris  ducibus  regique  Molosso 

Horum  maiores  ac  dorso  ferre  cohortes 

Partem  aliquam  belli  et  euntem  in  proelia  turrem.        110 

Nulla  igitur  mora  per  Novium,  mora  nulla  per  Histrum 

Pacuvium,  quin  illud  ebur  ducatur  ad  aras 

Et  cadat  ante  Lares  Gallittae  victima,  sola 

Tantis  digna  deis  et  captatoribus  horum. 

Alter  enim,  si  concedas,  mactare  vovebit  115 

De  grege  servorum  magna  et  pulcherrima  quaeque 

Corpora,  vel  pueris  et  frontibus  ancillarum 

Inponet  vittas,  et  si  qua  est  nubilis  illi 

Iphigenia  domi,  dabit  hanc  altaribus,  etsi 

Non  sperat  tragicae  f  urtiva  piacula  cervae.  120 

Laudo  meum  civem,  nee  compare  testamento 

Mille  rates;  nam  si  Libitinam  evaserit  aeger, 

Delebit  tabulas,  inclusus  carcere  nassae, 

Post  meritum  sane  miraiidum,  atque  onmia  soli 

Forsan  Pacuvio  breviter  dabit,  ille  superbus  125 

Incedet  victis  rival ibus.     Ergo  vides  quam 

Grande  operae  pretium  faciat  iugulata  Mycenis. 

Vivat  Pacuvius,  quaeso,  vel  Nestora  totum ; 

Possideat,  quantum  rapuit  Nero ;  montibus  aurum 

Exaequet ;  nee  amet  quemquam,  nee  ametur  ab  ullo.    130 

116.  et/xi),  ut  P,  aut  j.     128.  tantum  j. 


Jupiter. 


Jupiter  Ainmou. 


SATURA  XIII. 

EXEMPLO  quodcumque  malo  committitur,  ipsi 

Displicet  auctori.     Prima  est  haec  ultio,  quod  se 

ludice  nemo  nocens  absolvitur,  inproba  quamvis 

Gratia  fallaci  praetoris  vicerit  urna. 

Quid  sentire  putas  omnis,  Calvine,  recenti  5 

De  scelere  et  fidei  violatae  crimine?  sed  nee 

Tarn  tennis  census  tibi  contigit  ut  mediocris 

lacturae  te  mergat  onus,  nee  rara  videmus, 

Quae  pateris;  casus  multis  hie  cognitus  ac  iam 

Tritus  et  e  medio  Fortunae  ductus  acervo.  10 

Ponamus  nimios  gemitus ;  flagrantior  aequo 

Non  debet  dolor  esse  viri,  nee  vulnere  maior. 

Tu  quamvis  levium  minimam  exiguamque  malomm 

Particulam  vix  ferre  potes,  spumantibus  ardens 

Visceribus,  sacrum  tibi  quod  non  reddat  amicus  15 

Depositum.     Stupet  haec,  qui  iam  post  terga  reliquit 

Sexaginta  annos,  Fonteio  consule  natus? 

An  nihil  in  melius  tot  rerum  proficit  usu  ? 

Magna  quidem,  sacris  quae  dat  praecepta  libellis, 

4.  fallaci  f\,  fallacis  pw.     5.  omnes  Pia,  homines  Ribbeck.     6.  fidei 
pa,  fide  P.     12.  viri  pw,  veri  P.     18.  usu  Pu,  usus  S. 


76  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Victrix  Fortunae  sapientia ;  ducimus  autem  20 

Hos  quoque  felices,  qui  ferre  incommoda  vitae 

Nee  iactare  iugum  vita  didicere  magistra. 

Quae  tarn  festa  dies  ut  cesset  prodere  furem, 

Perfidiam,  fraudes,  atque  omni  ex  crimine  lucrum 

Quaesitum  et  partos  gladio  vel  pyxide  nummos?  25 

Rari  quippe  boni,  numero  vix  sunt  totidem  quot 

Thebarum  portae  vel  divitis  ostia  Nili. 

Nunc  aetas  agitur  peioraque  saecula  ferri 

Temporibus,  quorum  sceleri  non  invenit  ipsa 

Nomen  et  a  nullo  posuit  natura  metallo ;  30 

Nos  hominum  divumque  fidem  clamore  ciemus, 

Quanto  Faesidium  laudat  vocalis  agentem 

Sportula.     Die,  senior  bulla  dignissime,  nescis 

Quas  habeat  veneres  aliena  pecunia  ?  nescis 

Quern  tua  simplicitas  risum  vulgo  moveat,  cum  35 

Exigis  a  quoquam  ne  peieret  et  putet  ullis 

Esse  aliquod  numen  templis  araeque  rubenti  ? 

Quondam  hoc  indigenae  vivebant  more,  priusquam 

Sumeret  agrestem  posito  diademate  falcem 

Saturnus  fugiens,  tune,  cum  virguncula  luno  40 

Et  privatus  adhuc  Idaeis  luppiter  antris. 

Nulla  super  nubes  convivia  caelicolarum, 

Nee  puer  Iliacus,  formonsa  nee  Herculis  uxor 

Ad  cyathos,  et  iam  siccato  nectare  tergens 

Bracchia  Vulcanus  Liparaea  nigra  taberna.  45 

Prandebat  sibi  quisque  deus,  nee  turba  deorum 

Talis  ut  est  hodie,  contentaque  sidera  paucis 

Numinibus  miserum  urguebant  Atlanta  minori 

Pondere.     Nondum  aliquis  sortitus  triste  profundi 

26.  numero  vix  sunt  pa,  numerus  vii  est  $,  numerum  si  *  totidem  P. 
28.  nunc  P,  noua  ;>«,  nova  s. 


SATURA  XIII.  77 

Imperium  aut  Sicula  torvus  cum  coniuge  Pluton,  50 

Nee  rota,  nee  Furiae,  nee  saxurn  aut  vulturis  atri 

Poeua;  sed  infernis  hilares  sine  regibus  umbrae. 

Inprobitas  illo  fuit  admirabilis  aevo, 

Credebant  quo  grande  nefas  et  morte  piandum, 

Si  iuvenis  vetulo  non  adsurrexerat  et  si  55 

Barbato  cuicumque  puer,  licet  ipse  videret 

Plura  domi  fraga  et  maiores  glandis  acervos. 

Tarn  venerabile  erat  praecedere  quattuor  annis, 

Primaque  par  adeo  sacrae  lanugo  senectae ! 

Nunc,  si  depositum  non  infitietur  amicus,  60 

Si  reddat  veterem  cum  tota  aerugine  follem, 

Prodigiosa  fides  et  Tuscis  digna  libellis, 

Quaeque  coronata  lustrari  debeat  agna. 

Egregium  sanctumque  virum  si  cerno,  bimembri 

Hoc  monstrum  puero  et  miranti  sub  aratro  65 

Piscibus  inventis  et  fetae  compare  mulae, 

Sollicitus,  tamquam  lapides  effuderit  imber 

Examenque  apium  longa  consederit  uva 

Culmine  delubri,  tamquam  in  mare  fluxerit  amnis 

Gurgitibus  miris  et  lactis  vertice  torrens.  70 

Intercepta  decem  quere'ris  sestertia  fraude 
Sacrilega?  quid  si  bis  centum  perdidit  alter 
Hoc  arcana  modo?  maiorem  tertius  ilia 
Summam,  quam  patulae  vix  ceperat  angulus  arcae? 
Tarn  facile  et  pronum  est  superos  contemnere  testes,      75 
Si  mortalis  idem  nemo  sciat !     Aspice  quanta 
Voce  neget,  quae  sit  ficti  constantia  vultus : 
Per  Solis  radios  Tarpeiaque  fulmina  iurat 
Et  Martis  frameam  et  Cirrhaei  spicula  vatis, 

58.  turn  Tahn.     65.  et  P,  vel  />,  aut  i ;  miranti  ps,  mirandis  Ps,  mi- 
rantis  s.     70.  miniis  Porson. 


78  D.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Per  calamos  venatricis  pharetramque  puellae,  80 

Perque  tuum,  pater  Aegaei  Neptune,  tridentem; 
Addit  et  Uerculeos  arcus  hastamque  Miuervae, 
Quidquid  habent  telorum  armamentaria  caeli. 
Si  vero  et  pater  est,  "  Comedam,"  inquit,  "  flebile  nati 
Sinciput  elixi  Pharioque  madentis  aceto."  85 

Sunt  in  Fortunae  qui  casibus  omnia  ponant 
Et  nullo  credant  mundum  rectore  moveri, 
Natura  volvente  vices  et  lucis  et  anni, 
Atque  ideo  intrepidi  quaecumque  altaria  tangunt. 
Est  alius  metuens  ne  crimen  poena  sequatur ;  90 

Hie  putat  esse  decs  et  peierat,  atque  ita  secum : 
"  Decernat,  quodcumque  volet,  de  corpore  nostro 
Isis  et  irato  feriat  mea  lumina  sistro, 
Dummodo  vel  caecus  teneam  quos  abnego  nummos. 
Et  phthisis  et  vomicae  putres  et  dimidium  crus  95 

Sunt  tanti.     Pauper  locupletem  optare  podagram 
Nee  dubitet  Ladas,  si  non  eget  Anticyra  nee 
Archigene ;  quid  enim  velocis  gloria  plantae 
Praestat  et  esuriens  Pisaeae  ramus  olivae  ? 
Ut  sit  magna,  tamen  certe  lenta  ira  deorum  est :  100 

Si  curant  igitur  cunctos  punire  riocentes, 
Quando  ad  me  venient  ?    Sed  et  exorabile  numen 
Fortasse  experiar ;  solet  his  ignoscere ;  multi 
Committunt  eadem  diverse  crimina  fato ; 
Ille  crucem  sceleris  pretium  tulit,  hie  diadema."  105 

Sic  animum  dirae  trepidum  formidine  culpoe 
Confirmat ;  tune  te  sacra  ad  delubra  vocantem 
Praecedit,  trahere  immo  ultro  ac  vexare  paratus. 
Nam  cum  magna  malae  superest  audacia  causae, 

90.  damnarat   lahn.      107.  confirmat   Ss,   confirmant   Pu;    ad   pw, 
ac  Ps. 


SATURA  XIII.  79 

Creditur  a  multis  fiducia.     Mimum  agit  ille,  110 

Urbani  qualem  fugitivus  scurra  Catulli. 
Tu  miser  exclamas,  ut  Steutora  vincere  possis, 
Vel  potius  quantum  Gradivus  Homericus :  "  Audis, 
luppiter,  haec,  nee  labra  moves,  cum  mittere  vocem 
Debueris  vel  marmoreus  vel  aheneus?  aut  cur  115 

In  carbone  tuo  charta  pia  tura  soluta 
Ponimus  et  sectum  vituli  iecur  albaque  porci 
Omenta?    Ut  video,  nullum  discrimen  habendum  est 
Effigies  inter  vestras  statuamque  Vagelli." 

Accipe,  quae  contra  valeat  solacia  ferre  120 

Et  qui  nee  Cynicos,  nee  Stoica  dogmata  legit 
A  Cynicis  tunica  distantia,  non  Epicurum 
Suspicit  exigui  laetum  plantaribus  horti. 
Curentur  dubii  medicis  maioribus  aegri, 
Tu  venam  vel  discipulo  committe  Philippi.  125 

Si  nullum  in  terris  tarn  detestabile  factum 
Ostendis,  taceo,  nee  pugnis  caedere  pectus 
Te  veto  nee  plana  faciem  contundere  palma; 
Quandoquidem  accepto  claudenda  est  ianua  damno, 
Et  maiore  domus  gemitu,  maiore  tumultu  130 

Planguntur  nummi,  quam  f  unera.     Nemo  dolorem 
Fingit  in  hoc  casu,  vestem  diducere  summam 
Contentus,  vexare  oculos  umore  coacto : 
Ploratur  lacrimis  amissa  pecunia  veris. 
Sed  si  cuncta  vides  simili  fora  plena  querella,  135 

Si  deciens  lectis  diversa  parte  tabellis 
Vana  supervacui  dicunt  chirographa  ligni, 
Arguit  ipsorum  quos  littera  gemmaque  princeps 
Sardonychum,  loculis  quae  custoditur  eburnis : 
Ten',  0  delicias  !  extra  communia  censes  140 

182.  diducere  P,  deducere  «. 

't 


80  f>.  IUN.  IUVENALIS 

Ponendum,  quia  tu  gallinae  filius  albae, 

Nos  viles  pulli,  nati  infelicibus  ovis? 

Item  pateris  modicam  et  mediocri  bile  ferendam, 

Si  flectas  oculos  niaiora  ad  crimiiia.     Confer 

Conductum  latronem,  incendia  sulpure  coepta  145 

Atque  dolo,  primes  cum  ianua  colligit  ignes ; 

Confer  et  hos,  veteris  qui  tollunt  grandia  templi 

Pocula  adorandae  robiginis  et  populorum 

Dona  vel  antiquo  positas  a  rege  coronas. 

Haec  ibi  si  non  sunt,  minor  extat  sacrilegus,  qui  150 

Radat  inaurati  femur  Herculis  et  faciem  ipsam 

Neptuni,  qui  bratteolam  de  Castore  ducat ; 

An  dubitet,  solitus  totum  conflare  Tonantem? 

Confer  et  artifices  mercatoremque  veneni, 

Et  deducendum  corio  bovis  in  mare,  cum  quo  155 

Clauditur  adversis  innoxia  simia  fatis. 

Haec  quota  pars  scelerum,  quac  custos  Gallicus  urbis 

Usque  a  lucifero,  donee  lux  occidat,  audit? 

Humani  generis  mores  tibi  nosse  volenti 

Sufficit  una  domus  ;  paucos  consume  dies,  et  160 

Dicere  te  miserum,  postquam  illinc  veneris,  aude. 

Quis  tumidum  guttur  miratur  in  Alpibus?  aut  quis 

In  Meroe  crasso  maiorem  infante  mamillam  ? 

Caerula  quis  stupuit  German!  lumina,  flavam 

Caesariem  et  madido  torquentem  cornua  cirro?  165 

Nempe  quod  haec  illis  natura  est  omnibus  una. 

Ad  subitas  Thracum  volucres  nubemque  sonoram 

Pygmaeus  parvis  currit  bellator  in  armis, 

Mox  impar  hosti  raptusque  per  aera  curvis 

Unguibus  a  saeva  fertur  grue.     Si  videas  hoc  170 

Gentibus  in  nostris,  risu  quatiare ;  sed  illic, 

141.  quia  Po>,  quid  ?  Heinrich.     147.  veteres  P. 


SATURA  XIII.  81 

Quamquam  eadem  adsidue  spectentur  proclia,  ridet 
Nemo,  ubi  tota  cohors  pede  non  est  altior  uno. 
"  Nullane  peiuri  capitis  fraudisque  nefandae 
Pocna  erit?" — Abreptum  crede  hunc  graviore  catena  175 
Protinus  et  nostro — quid  plus  velit  ira? — necari 
Arbitrio ;  manet  ilia  tamen  iactura,  nee  umquam 
Uepositum  tibi  sospes  erit,  sed  corpore  trunco 
Invidiosa  dabit  minimus  solacia  sanguis. — 
"  At  vindicta  bonum  vita  iucundius  ipsa."-  180 

Nempe  hoc  indocti,  quorum  praecordia  nullis 
Interdum  aut  levibus  videas  flagrantia  causis : 
Quantulacumque  adeo  est  occasio,  sufficit  irae. 
Chrysippus  non  dicet  idem  nee  mite  Thaletis 
Ingenium  dulcique  senex  vicinus  Hymetto,  185 

Qui  partem  acceptae  saeva  inter  vincla  cicutae 
Accusatori  nollet  dare.     Plurima  felix 
Paulatim  vitia  atque  errores  exuit,  omnes 
Prima  docet  rectum  sapientia ;  quippe  minuti 
Semper  et  infirmi  est  animi  exiguique  voluptas  190 

Ultio  :  continuo  sic  collige,  quod  vindicta 
Nemo  magis  gaudet,  quam  femina.     Cur  tamen  hos  tu 
Evasisse  ptites,  quos  diri  conscia  facti 
Mens  habet  attonitos  et  surdo  verbere  caedit 
Occultum  quatiente  animo  tortore  flagellum?  195 

Poena  autem  vehemens  ac  multo  saevior  illis, 
Quas  et  Caedicius  gravis  invenit  et  Rhadamanthus, 
Nocte  dieque  suum  gestare  in  pectore  testem. 
Spartano  cuidam  respondit  Pythia  vates, 
Hand  inpunitum  quondam  fore,  quod  dubitaret  200 

Depositum  retinere  et  fraudem  iure  tueri 

174.  peiuri  PS.      183.  damnarat  lahn.      187.  Plurima  —  sapientia 
delebat  Guietus.     188.  exuit,  onmes  Jluechcler,  exuit  omnes,  o/t't. 


82  D.   IUN.  IUVENALIS 

lurando ;  quaerebat  enim  quae  numinis  esset 

Mens,  et  an  hoc  illi  facinus  suaderet  Apollo. 

Reddidit  ergo  metu,  non  moribus ;  et  tamen  omnem 

Vocem  adyti  dignam  templo  veramqne  probavit,  205 

Extinctus  tota  pariter  cum  prole  domoque 

Et  quamvis  longa  deductis  gente  propinquis. 

Has  patitur  poenas  peccandi  sola  voluntas ; 

Nam  scelus  intra  se  taciturn  qui  cogitat  ullum, 

Facti  crimen  habet :  cedo,  si  conata  peregit !  210 

Perpetua  anxietas  nee  meiisae  tempore  cessat, 

Faucibus  ut  morbo  siccis  interque  molares 

Difficili  crescente  cibo ;  sed  vina  misellus 

Expuit,  Albani  veteris  pretiosa  senectus 

Displicet;  ostendas  melius,  densissima  ruga  215 

Cogitur  in  frontem,  velut  acri  ducta  Falerno. 

Nocte  brevem  si  forte  iudulsit  cura  soporem 

Et  toto  versata  toro  iam  membra  quiescunt, 

Continuo  templum  et  violati  numinis  aras 

Et,  quod  praecipuis  mentem  sudoribus  urguet,  220 

Te  videt  in  somnis ;  tua  sacra  et  maior  imago 

Humana  turbat  pavidum  cogitque  fateri. 

Hi  sunt,  qui  trepidant  et  ad  omnia  fulgura  pallent, 

Cum  tonat,  exanimes,  primo  quoque  murmure  caeli ; 

Non  quasi  fortuitus  nee  ventorum  rabie,  sed  225 

Iratus  cadat  in  terras  et  iudicet  ignis. 

Ilia  nihil  nocuit :  cura  graviore  timetur 

Proxima  tempestas,  velut  hoc  dilata  sereno. 

Praeterea,  lateris  vigili  cum  febre  dolorem 

Si  .coepere  pati,  missum  ad  sua  corpora  morbum  230 

Infesto  credunt  a  numine ;  saxa  deorum 

208.  sola  w,  sacva  P;  voluptaa  P.     213.  sed  vina  PSw,  Setina  Here- 
lius.     226.  iudicet  Pw,  vindicet  $. 


SATURA  XIII. 


83 


Haec  et  tela  putant.     Pecudem  spondcre  sacello 

Balaiitem  et  Laribus  cristam  promittcre  galli 

Non  audent ;  quid  eniin  sperarc  nocentibus  aegris 

Concessum?  vel  quae  non  dignior  hostia  vita?  235 

Mobilis  et  varia  est  ferme  natura  malorum. 

Cum  scelus  admittunt,  superest  constantia ;  quod  fas 

Atque  nefas  tandem  incipiunt  sentire,  peractis 

Criminibus.     Tamen  ad  mores  natura  recurrit 

Damnatos,  fixa  et  mutari  nescia.     Nam  quis  240 

Peccandi  finem  posuit  sibi  ?  quando  recepit 

Eiectum  semel  attrita  de  f ronte  ruborem  ? 

Quisnarn  hominum  est  quern  tu  contentum  videris  uno 

Flagitio  ?  dabit  in  laqueum  vestigia  noster 

Perfidus  et  nigri  patietur  carceris  uncum  245 

Aut  maris  Aegaei  rupem  scopulosque  frequentes 

Exulibus  magnis.     Poena  gaudebis  amara 

Nominis  invisi,  tandemque  fatebere  laetus, 

Nee  surdum  nee  Tiresian  quemquam  esse  deorum. 

236.  damnarat  lahn  ;  fermentatura  P.     237.  quod  P<a,  quid  s. 


t«a 


The  Emperor  Claudius. 


SATUKA   XIV. 

PLURIMA  sunt,  Fuscine,  et  fama  digna  sinistra 

Et  nitidis  maculam  haesuram  figentia  rebus, 

Quae  monstrant  ipsi  pueris  traduntque  parentes. 

Si  damnosa  senem  iuvat  alea,  ludit  et  heres 

Bullatus  parvoque  eadem  movet  arma  fritillo.  5 

Nee  melius  de  se  cuiquam  sperare  propinquo 

Concedet  iuvenis,  qui  radere  tubera  terrae, 

Boletum  condire  et  eodem  iure  natantis 

Mergere  ficedulas  didicit,  nebulone  parente 

Et  cana  monstrante  gula.     Cum  Septimus  annus  10 

Transierit  puerum,  nondum  omni  dente  renato, 

Barbatos  licet  admoveas  mille  inde  magistros, 

Hinc  totidem,  cupiet  lauto  cenare  paratu 

Semper  et  a  magna  non  degenerare  culina. 

Mitem  animum  et  mores  modicis  erroribus  aequos  15 

Praecipit,  atque  animas  servorum  et  corpora  nostra 

9.  ficellas  Lachmann.     11.  puerum  P,  puero  w.     16.  utque  Bueckeler. 


SATUKA  XIV.  85 

Materia  constare  putat  paribusque  dementis, 

An  saevire  docet  Rutilus,  qui  gaudet  acerbo 

Plagarum  strepitu  et  nullam  Sirena  flagellis 

Comparat,  Antiphates  trepidi  laris  ac  Polyphemus,        20 

Tune  felix,  quotiens  aliquis  tortore  vocato 

Uritur  ardenti  duo  propter  lintea  f erro  ? 

Quid  suadet  iuveni  laetus  stridore  catenae, 

Quern  mire  adficiunt  inscripti,  ergastula,  career?  at 

Sic  natura  iubet :  velocius  et  citius  nos  si 

Corrumpunt  vitiorum  exempla  domestica,  magnis 

Cum  subeunt  ani'mos  auctoribus.     Unus  et  alter 

Forsitan  haec  spernant  iuvenes,  quibus  arte  benigna 

Et  melior"e  luto  finxit  praecordia  Titan ;  35 

Sed  reliquos  fugienda  patrum  vestigia  ducunt 

Et  monstrata  diu  veteris  trahit  orbita  culpae. 

Abstineas  igitur  damnandis ;  huius  enim  vel 

Una  potens  ratio  est,  ne  crimina  nostra  sequantur 

Ex  nobis  geniti,  quoniam  dociles  imitandis  40 

Turpibtis  ac  pravis  omnes  sumus ;  et  Catilinam 

Quocumque  in  populo  videas,  quocumque  sub  axe, 

Sed  nee  Brutus  erit,  Bruti  nee  avunculus  umquam. 

Nil  dictu  foedum  visuque  haec  limma  tangat, 

Intra  quae  pater  est.  45 

Maxima  debetur  puero  reverentia.     Si  quid  *i 

Turpe  paras,  ne  tu  pueri  contempseris  annos ; 

Sed  peccaturo  obstet  tibi  films  infans. 

Nam  si  quid  dignum  censoris  fecerit  ira  50 

Quandoque  et  similem  tibi  se  non  corpore  tantum 

Nee  vultu  dederit,  morum  quoque  filius  et  qui 

17.  putet  Buechefer.  24.  scripta  P,  inscripta  «,  inscripti,  Weidner. 
33.  subeunt  P,  subeant  w;  animos  />«,  animis  P.  34.  spernant  /*», 
sperant  PS,  speraent  j,  spernunt  j.  43.  umquam  P,  usquam  pw.  46. 
pater  Pi,  puer  j.  48.  ne  j,  nee  Pw. 


86  1*.   IUN.   IUVENALIS 

Omnia  deterius  tua  per  vestigia  peccet, 

Corripies  nimirum  et  castigabis  acerbo 

Clamore  ac  post  haec  tabiilas  mutare  parabis.  55 

Unde  tibi  f  ronteni  libertatemque  parentis, 

Cum  facias  peiora  senex,  vacuumque  cerebro 

lam  pridem  caput  hoc  ventosa  cucurbita  quaerat? 

Hospite  venturo,  cessabit  nemo  tuorum. 
"•Verre  pavimentum,  nitidas  ostende  columnas,  60 

Arida  cum  tota  descendat  aranea  tela, 
Hie  leve  argentum,  vasa  aspera  tergeat  alter  " : 
Vox  domini  furit  instantis  virgamque  tenentis. 
Ergo  miser  trepidas,  ne  stercore  foeda  canino 
Atria  displiceant  oculis  venientis  amici,  65 

Ne  perfusa  luto  sit  portions ;  et  tamen  imo 
Semodio  scobis  huec  emendat  servulus  unus : 
Illud  non  agitas,  ut  sanctam  filius  omni 
Aspiciat  sine  labe  donium  vitioque  carentem? 
Gratum  est,  quod  patriae  civem  populoque  dedisti,          70 
Si  facis  ut  patriae  sit  idoneus,  utilis  agris, 
Utilis  et  bellorum  et  pacis  rebus  agendis. 
Plurimum  enim  intererit,  quibus  artibus  et  quibus  hunc  tu 
Moribus  instituas.     Serpente  ciconia  pullos 
Nutrit  et  inventa  per  devia  rura  lacerta :  75 

Illi  eadem  sumptis  quaerunt  animalia  pinnis. 
Vultur  iumento  et  canibus  crucibusque  relictis 
Ad  fetus  properat  partemque  cadaveris  adfert : 
Hie  est  ergo  cibus  magni  quoque  vulturis  et  se 
Pascentis,  propria  cum  iam  facit  arbore  nidos.  80 

Sed  leporem  aut  capream  famulae  lovis  et  generosae 
In  saltu  venantur  aves,  hinc  praeda  cubili 
Ponitur :  inde  autem  cum  se  matura  levarit 

$2.  haec  Lachmann.    83.  levarit  j,  levaret  P.  levavit  Priscian,  levabit  a>. 


SATURA  XIV.  87 

Progenies  stimulante  fame,  festinat  ad  illam 

Quam  primum  praedatn  rupto  gustaverat  ovo.  85 

Aedificator  erat  Cretonius  et  modo  curvo 
Litore  Caietae,  summa  nunc  Tiburis  arce, 
Nunc  Praenestinis  in  montibus  alta  parabat 
Culmina  villarum,  Graecis  longeque  petitis 
Marrnoribus  vincens  Fortunae  atque  Herculis  aedem,     00 
Ut  spado  vincebat  Capitolia  nostra  Posides. 
Dum  sic  ergo  habitat  Cretonius,  imminuit  rem, 
Fregit  opes ;  nee  parva  tamen  mensura  relictae 
Partis  erat :  totam  hanc  turbavit  filius  amens, 
Dum  meliore  novas  attollit  marmore  villas.  95 

Quidam  sortiti  metuentem  sabbata  patrem 
Nil  praeter  nubes  et  caeli  nurnen  adorant, 
Nee  distare  putant  humana  carne  suillam, 
Qua  pater  abstinuit. 

Romanas  autem  soliti  contemnere  leges  100 

ludaicum  ediscunt  et  servant  ac  metuunt  ius, 
Tradidit  arcano  quodcumque  volumine  Moyses, 
Non  monstrare  vias  eadem  nisi  sacra  colenti, 
Quaesitum  ad  fontem  solos  deducere  verpos. 
Sed  pater  in  causa,  ctii  septima  quaeque  fuit  lux  105 

Ignava  et  partem  vitae  non  attigit  ullam. 

Sponte  tamen  iuvenes  imitantur  cetera :  solam 
Inviti  quoque  avaritiam  exercere  iubentur. 
Fallit  enim  vitium  specie  virtutis  et  umbra, 
Cum  sit  triste  habitu  vultuque  et  veste  severum  110 

Nee  dubie  tamquam  f rugi  laudetur  avarus, 
Tamquam  parcus  homo  et  rerum  tutela  suarum 
Certa  magis,  quam  si  for  tunas  servet  easdem 
Hesperidum  serpens  aut  Ponticus.     Adde  quod  hunc,  de 

91.  Posides  JDW,  possidcus P.     111.  laudetur  /J,  laudatur  o>.     118.  quasi/*. 


gg  D.  1UN.  1UVENALIS 

Quo  loquor,  egregium  populus  putat  adquirendi  115 

Artificem  ;  quippe  his  crescunt  patrimonia  fabris ; 

Sed  crescunt  quocumque  modo,  maioraque  fiunt 

Incude  adsidua  semperque  ardente  camino. 

Et  pater  ergo  animi  felices  credit  avaros, 

Qui  miratur  opes,  qui  nulla  exempla  beati  120 

Pauperis  esse  putat,  iuvenes  hortatur,  ut  ilia 

Ire  via  pergant  et  eidem  incumbere  sectae. 

Sunt  quaedam  vitiorum  elementa :  his  protinus  illos 

Inbuit  et  cogit  minimas  ediscere  sordes, 

Mox  adquirendi  docet  insatiabile  votum.  125 

Servorum  ventres  modio  castigat  iniquo, 

Ipse  quoque  esuriens ;  neque  enim  omnia  sustinet  umquam 

Mucida  caerulei  panis  consumere  frusta, 

Hesternum  solitus  medio  servare  minutal 

Septembri,  nee  non  differre  in  tempora  cenae  130 

Al terms  conchem  aestivam  cum  parte  lacerti 

Signatam  vel  dimidio  putrique  siluro, 

Filaque  sectivi  numerata  includere  porri : 

Invitatus  ad  haec  aliquis  de  ponte  negabit. 

Sed  quo  divitias  haec  per  tormenta  coactas,  135 

Cum  furor  haud  dubius,  cum  sit  manifesta  phrenesis, 

Ut  locuples  moriaris,  egentis  vivere  f ato  ? 

Interea  pleno  cum  turget  sacculus  ore, 

Crescit  amor  nummi,  quantum  ipsa  pecunia  crevit, 

Et  minus  hanc  optat  qui  non  habet.     Ergo  paratur      140 

Altera  villa  tibi,  cum  rus  non  sufficit  unum, 

Et  proferre  libet  fines,  maiorque  videtur 

Et  melior  vicina  seges  :  mercaris  et  hanc  et 

Arbusta  et  densa  montem  qui  canet  oliva. 

117.  damnarat  lahn.  119.  felices  P,  felicis  pu.  120.  cum  —  cum 
Weidner.  121.  illam  o>.  122.  viam  o>.  125.  damnarat  lahn.  128. 
frusta  pa,  frustra  P.  131.  aestivam  P,  aestivi  jow. 


SATUBA  XIV.  89 

Quorum  si  pretio  dominus  non  vincitur  ullo,  145 

Nocte  boves  macri  htssoque  fameliea  collo 

lumenta  ad  virides  huius  mittentur  aristas; 

Nee  prius  inde  domum,  quain  tota  novalia  saevos 

In  ventres  abeant,  ut  credas  falcibus  actum. 

Dicere  vix  possis,  quam  multi  talia  plorent,  150 

Et  quot  venales  iniuria  fecerit  agros. 

Sed  qui  sermones,  quam  foede  bucina  famae ! — 

"  Quid  nocet  haec  ?  "  inquit ;  "  tunicam  mihi  malo  lupini, 

Quam  si  me  toto  laudet  vicinia  pago 

Exigui  ruris  paucissima  farra  secantem." —  155 

Scilicet  et  morbis  et  debilitate  carebis, 

Et  luctum  et  curam  effugies,  et  tempora  vitae 

Longa  tibi  posthac  fato  meliore  dabuntur, 

Si  tantum  culti  solus  possederis  agri, 

Quantum  sub  Tatio  populus  Romanus  arabat.  160 

Mox  etiam  fractis  aetate  ac  Punica  passis 

Proelia  vel  Pyrrhum  immanem  gladiosque  Molossos 

Tandem  pro  multis  vix  iugera  bina  dabantur 

Vulneribus :  merces  haec  sanguinis  atque  laboris 

Nullis  visa  umquam  meritis  minor,  aut  ingratae  165 

Curta  fides  patriae.     Saturabat  glebula  talis 

Patrem  ipsum  turbamque  casae,  qua  feta  iacebat 

TJxor  et  infantes  ludebant  quattuor,  unus 

Vernula,  tres  domini ;  sed  magnis  f  ratribus  horum 

A  scrobe  vel  sulco  redeuntibus  altera  cena  170 

Amplior  et  grandes  fumabant  pultibus  ollae. 

Nunc  modus  hie  agri  nostro  non  sufficit  horto. 

Inde  fere  scelerum  causae ;  nee  plura  venena 

Miscuit  aut  ferro  grassatur  saepius  ullum 

Humanae  mentis  vitium,  quam  saeva  cupido  175 

147.  nritentur  (mittentur)  1's,  mittuntur  &>.     152.  foede  /'.  foedae  u>. 


90  i>.   1UN. 

Iramodici  census.     Nam  dives  qui  fieri  vult, 
Et  cito  vult  fieri ;  sed  quae  reverentia  legum, 
Quis  metus  aut  pudor  est  umquam  properantis  avari  ? 
"  Vivite  contenti  casulis  et  collibus  istis, 
"0  pueri ! "    Marsus  dicebat  et  Hernicus  olim  180 

Vestinusque  senex :  u  panem  quaeramus  aratro, 
Qui  satis  est  mensis ;  laudant  hoc  numina  ruris, 
Quorum  ope  et  auxilio  gratae  post  munus  aristae 
Contingunt  homini  veteris  fastidia  quercus. 
Nil  vetitum  fecisse  volet,  quein  non  pudet  alto  185 

Per  glaciem  perone  tegi,  qui  summovet  Euros 
Pellibus  inversis ;  peregrina  ignotaque  nobis 
Ad  scelus  atque  nefas,  quaecumque  est,  purpura  ducit." 

Haec  illi  veteres  praecepta  minoribus :  at  nunc 
Post  finem  autumni  media  de  nocte  supinum  190 

Clamosus  iuvenem  pater  excitat :  "  Accipe  ceras, 
Scribe,  puer,  vigila,  causas  age,  perlege  rubras 
Maiorum  leges  aut  vitem  posce  libello. 
Sed  caput  intactum  buxo  naresque  pilosas 
Adnotet  et  grandes  miretur  Laelius  alas.  195 

Dirue  Maurorum  attegias,  castella  Brigantum, 
Ut  locupletem  aquilam  tibi  sexagesimus  annus 
Adferat ;  aut,  longos  castrorum  ferre  labores 
Si  piget  et  trepidum  solvunt  tibi  cornua  ventrem 
Cum  lituis  audita,  pares  quod  vendere  possis  .  200 

Pluris  dimidio,  nee  te  fastidia  mercis 
Ullius  subeant  ablegandae  Tiberim  ultra, 
Neu  credas  ponendum  aliquid  discriminis  inter 
Unguenta  et  corium.     Lucri  bonus  est  odor  ex  re 
Qualibet.     Ilia  tuo  sententia  semper  in  ore  205 

Versetur,  dis  atque  ipso  love  digna  poeta : 

182.  ruris  pta,  roris  P.     199.  trepidum  Pj,  trepido  jxa. 


SATURA  XIV.  91 

'  Unde  habeas  qtiaerit  nemo,  sed  oportet  habere ' : " 

Hoc  monstrant  vetulae  pueris  repentibus  assae, 

Hoc  discunt  omnes  ante  alpha  et  beta  puellae. 

Talibus  instantem  monitis  quemcumque  parentem        210 

Sic  possem  adfari :  "  Die,  0  vanissime,  quis  te 

Festinare  iubet?  meliorem  praesto  magistro 

Discipulum.     Securus  abi ;  vinceris,  ut  Aiax 

Praeteriit  Telamonem,  ut  Pelea  vicit  Achilles. 

Parcendum  est  teneris,  nondum  implevere  medullas ;    215 

Naturae  mala  nequitia  est.     Cum  pectere  barbam 

Coeperit  et  longi  mucronem  admittere  cultri, 

Falsus  erit  testis,  vendet  periuria  summa 

Exigua  et  Cereris  tangens  aramque  pedemque. 

Elatam  iam  crede  nurum,  si  limina  vestra  220 

Mortifera  cum  dote  subit :  quibus  ilia  premetur 

Per  somnum  digitis !  nam  quae  terraque  marique 

Adquirenda  putas,  brevior  via  conferet  illi : 

Nullus  enim  magni  sceleris  labor.     '  Haec  ego  numquam 

Mandavi,'  dices  olim,  '  nee  talia  suasi.'  225 

Mentis  causa  malae  tamen  est  et  origo  penes  te. 

Nam  quisquis  magni  census  praecepit  amorem, 

Et  laevo  monitu  pueros  producit  avaros, 

Et  qui  per  fraudes  patrimonia  conduplicare, 

Dat  libertatem  et  totas  effundit  habenas  230 

Curriculo ;  quern  si  revoces,  subsistere  nescit 

Et  te  contempto  rapitur  metisque  relictis. 

Nemo  satis  credit  tantum  delinquere,  quantum 

Permittas ;  adeo  indulgent  sibi  latius  ipsi. 

Cum  dicis  iuveni  stultum  qui  donet  amico,  235 

208,  209.  damnarat  lahn.  216.  naturae  Pu,  maturae  s-,  nequitia 
est  cum  P,  nequitiae  cum  />«,  ncquitiae  ast  cum  j.  217.  longi  /*»,  longe 
P.  229.  damnarat  lahn  ;  conduplicandi  Weidner, 


92  D.  IUN.  IUVBNALIS 

Qui  paupertatem  levet  attollatque  propinqui, 

Et  spoliare  doces  et  circumscribere  et  omni 

Crimine  divitias  adquirere,  quarum  amor  in  te 

Quantus  erat  patriae  Deciorum  in  pectore,  quantum 

Dilexit  Thebas,  si  Graecia  vera,  Menoeceus ;  240 

In  quorum  sulcis  legiones  dentibus  anguis 

Cum  clipeis  nascuntur  et  horrida  bella  capessunt 

Continue,  tamquam  et  tubicen  surrexerit  una. 

Ergo  ignem,  cuins  scintillas  ipse  dedisti, 

Flagrantem  late  et  rapientem  cuncta  videbis  ;  245 

Nee  tibi  parcetur  misero,  trepidumque  magistrum 

In  cavea  magno  fremitu  leo  toilet  alumnus. 

Nota  mathematicis  genesis  tua ;  sed  grave  tardas 

Expectare  colus :  morieris  stamine  nondum 

Abrupto.     lam  nunc  obstas  et  vota  moraris,  250 

lam  torquet  iuvenem  longa  et  cervina  senectus. 

Ocius  Archigenen  quaere  atque  erne  quod  Mithridates 

Composuit,  si  vis  aliam  decerpere  ficum 

Atque  alias  tractare  rosas.     Medicamen  habeiidum  est, 

Sorbere'ante  cibum  quod  debeat  et  pater  et  rex."          255 

Monstro  voluptatem  egregiam,  cui  nulla  theatra, 
Nulla  aequare  queas  praetoris  pulpita  lauti, 
Si  spectes,  quanto  capitis  discrimine  constent 
Incrementa  domus,  aerata  multus  in  area 
Fiscus  et  ad  vigilem  ponendi  Castora  nummi,  260 

Ex  quo  Mars  Ultor  galeam  quoque  perdidit  et  res 
Non  potuit  servare  suas.     Ergo  omnia  Florae 
Et  Cereris  licet  et  Cybeles  aulaea  relinquas ; 
Tanto  maiores  humana  negotia  ludi. 
An  magis  oblectant  an i mum  iactata  petauro  265 

241.  quorum  /'«,  quarum  j.     255.  sorbere  ante  />«,  sorbere  et  ante 
Ps. 


SATURA   XIV.  93 

Corpora  quique  solet  rectum  descendere  funem, 

Quain  tu,  Corycia  semper  qui  puppe  moraris 

Atque  habitas,  Coro  semper  tollendus  ct  Austro, 

Perditus  ac  vilis  sacci  mercator  olentis, 

Qui  gaudes  pingue  antiquae  de  litore  Cretae  270 

Passum  et  municipes  lovis  advexisse  lagonas? 

Hie  tamen  ancipiti  figens  vestigia  planta 

Victum  ilia  mercede  parat  brumamque  famemque 

Ilia  reste  cavet :  tu  propter  mille  talenta 

Et  centum  villas  temerarius.     Aspice  portus  275 

Et  plenum  magnis  trabibus  mare  :  plus  hominum  est  iam 

In  pelago ;  veniet  classis,  quocumque  vocarit 

Spes  lucri,  nee  Carpathium  Gaetulaque  tantum 

Aequora  transiliet,  sed  longe  Calpe  relicta 

Audiet  Herculeo  stridentem  gurgite  solem.  280 

Grande  operae  pretium  est  ut  tenso  folle  reverti 

Inde  domum  possis,  tumidaque  superbus  aluta 

Oceani  monstra  et  iuvenes  vidisse  marines. 

Non  unus  mentes  agitat  furor  :  ille  sororis 

In  manibus  vultu  Eumenidum  terretur  et  igni,  285 

Hie  bove  percusso  mugire  Agamemnona  credit 

Aut  Ithacum ;  parcat  tunicis  licet  atque  lacernis, 

Curatoris  eget,  qui  navem  mercibus  implet 

Ad  summum  latus  et  tabula  distinguitur  unda, 

Cum  sit  causa  mali  tanti  et  discriminis  huius  290 

Concisum  argentum  in  titulos  faciesque  minutas. 

Occurrunt  nubes  et  f  ulgura :  "  Solvite  f  uiaem," 

Frumenti  dominus  clamat  piperisve  coempti : 

"  Nil  color  hie  caeli,  nil  fascia  nigra  minatur ; 

Aestivum  tonat." — Infelix  hac  forsitan  ipsa  295 

Nocte  cadit  fractis  trabibus,  fluctuque  premetur 

286.  torretur  p.     296.  cadit  P,  cadet  w. 


94  D-   1UN.   1UVENALIS 

Obrutus  et  zonam  laeva  morsuque  tenebit. 

Sed  cuius  votis  rnodo  non  suffecerat  aurum, 

Quod  Tagus  et  rutila  volvit  Pactolus  harena, 

Frigida  sufficient  velantis  inguina  panni  300 

Exiguusque  cibus,  mersa  rate  naufragus  assem 

Dum  rogat  et  picta  se  tempestate  tuetur. 

Tantis  parta  mails  cura  maiore  metuque 
Servantur.     Misera  est  magni  custodia  census ! 
Dispositis  praedives  amis  vigilare  cohortem  305 

Servorum  noctu  Licinus  iubet,  attonitus  pro 
Electro  signisque  suis  Phrygiaque  columna 
Atque  ebore  et  lata  testudine.     Dolia  nudi 
Non  ardent  Cynici ;  si  f regeris,  altera  fiet 
Cras  domus,  atque  eadem  plumbo  commissa  manebit.  310 
Sensit  Alexander,  testa  cum  vidit  in  ilia 
Magnum  habitatorem,  quanto  felicior  hie  qui 
Nil  cuperet,  quam  qui  totum  sibi  posceret  orbem, 
Passurus  gestis  aequanda  pericula  rebus. 
Nullum  numen  habes,  si  sit  prudentia ;  nos  te,  315 

Nos  facimus,  Fortuna,  deam.     Mensura  tamen  quae 
Sufficiat  census,  si  quis  me  consulat,  edam  : 
In  quantum  sitis  atque  fames  et  frigora  poscunt, 
Quantum,  Epicure,  tibi  parvis  suffecit  in  hortis, 
Quantum  Socratici  ceperunt  ante  penates.  320 

Numquam  aliud  natura,  aliud  sapientia  dicit. 
Acribus  exemplis  videor  te  cludere  ?  misce 
Ergo  aliquid  nostris  de  moribus,  effice  summam, 
Bis  septem  ordinibus  quam  lex  dignatur  Othonis. 
Haec  quoque  si  rugam  trahit  extenditque  labellum,       325 
Sume  duos  equites,  fac  tertia  quadringenta. 
Si  nondum  implevi  gremium,  si  panditur  ultra, 

315.  babes  Pu,  abest  j.     319.  suffecit  p<a,  sufficit  P. 


SATURA  XIV.  95 

Nee  Croesi  fortuna  umquam  nee  Persica  regna 
Sufficient  animo  nee  divitiae  Narcissi, 
Indulsit  Caesar  cui  Claudius  omnia,  cuius  330 

Paruit  imperils  uxorem  occidere  iussus. 


The  Nile. 


SATURA  XV. 

Quis  nescit,  Volusi  Bithynice,  qualia  demens 

Aegyptos  portenta  colat  ?  crocodilon  adorat 

Pars  haec,  ilia  pavet  saturam  serpentibus  ibin. 

Effigies  sacri  nitet  aurea  cercopitheci, 

Dimidio  magicae  resonant  ubi  Memnone  chordae  5 

Atque  vetus  Thebe  centum  iacet  obruta  portis. 

Illic  aeluros,  hie  piscem  fluminis,  illic 

Oppida  tota  canem  venerantur,  nemo  Dianam. 

Porrum  et  caepe  nefas  violare  et  frangere  morsu : 

0  sanctas  gentes,  quibus  haec  nascuntur  in  hortis  10 

Numina !     Lanatis  animalibus  abstinet  omnis 

Mensa,  nefas  illic  fetum  iugiilare  capellae : 

7.  aeluros  Brotlaeus,  aeruleos  Pt  caeruleos  u. 


SATURA  XV.  97 

Carnibus  humanis  vesci  licet.     Attonito  cum 

Tale  super  cenam  facinus  narraret  Ulixes 

Alcinoo,  bilem  aut  risum  fortasse  quibusdam  15 

Moverat,  ut  mendax  aretalogus :  "  In  mare  nemo 

Hunc  abicit,  saeva  dignum  veraque  Charybdi, 

Fingentem  immanes  Laestr ygonas  atque  Cyclopas  ? 

Nam  citius  Scyllam  vel  concurrentia  saxa 

Cyaneis,  plenos  et  tempestatibus  utres  20 

Crediderim,  aut  tenui  percussum  verbere  Circes 

Et  cum  remigibus  grunnisse  Elpenora  porcis : 

Tarn  vacui  capitis  populum  Phaeaca  putavit  ?  " — 

Sic  aliquis  merito  nondum  ebrius  et  minimum  qui 

De  Corcyraea  temetum  duxerat  urna ;  25 

Solus  enim  haec  Ithacus  nullo  sub  teste  canebat. 

Nos  miranda  quidem,  sed  nuper  consuie  lunco 

Gesta  super  calidae  referemus  moenia  Copti, 

Nos  vulgi  scelus  et  cunctis  graviora  cothurnis. 

Nam  scelus,  a  Pyrrha  quamquam  omnia  syrmata  volvas,  30 

Nullus  apud  tragicos  populus  facit.     Accipe,  nostro 

Dira  quod  exemplum  feritas  produxerit  aevo. 

Inter  finitimos  vetus  atque  antiqua  simultas, 
Immortale  odium  et  numquam  sanabile  vulnus 
Ardet  adhuc,  Ombos  et  Tentyra.     Summus  utrimque    35 
Inde  furor  volgo,  quod  numina  vicinorum 
Odit  uterque  locus,  cum  solos  credat  habendos 
Esse  deos,  quos  ipse  colit.     Sed  tempore  festo 
Alterius  populi  rapienda  occasio  cunctis 
Visa  inimicorum  primoribus  ac  ducibus,  ne  40 

Laetum  hilaremque  diem,  ne  magnae  gaudia  cenae 
Sentirent,  positis  ad  templa  et  compita  mensis 
Pervigilique  toro,  quern  nocte  ao  luci-  iaccntem 

26.  haec  j,  hie  P,  hoc  «, 


98  D.  1UN.   IUVENALIS 

Septimus  interdum  sol  invenit.     Horrida  sane 

Aegyptos,  sed  luxuria,  quantum  ipse  notavi,  45 

Barbara  famoso  non  cedit  turba  Canopo. 

Adde  quod  et  facilis  victoria  de  madidis  et 

Blaesis  atque  mero  titubantibus.     Inde  virorum 

Saltatus  nigro  tibicine,  qualiacumque 

Unguenta  et  flores  multaeque  in  fronte  coronae ;  50 

Hinc  ieiunum  odium.     Sed  iurgia  prima  sonare 

Incipiunt  animis  ardentibus,  haec  tuba  rixae ; 

Dein  clamore  pari  concurritur,  et  vice  teli 

Saevit  nuda  man  us ;  paticae  sine  vulnere  malae, 

Vix  cuiquam  aut  nulli  toto  certamine  nasus  55 

Integer,  aspiceres  iam  cuncta  per  agmina  vultus 

Dimidios,  alias  facies  et  hiantia  ruptis 

Ossa  genis,  plenos  oculorum  sanguine  pugnos. 

Ludere  se  credunt  ipsi  tamen  et  puerilis 

Exercere  acies,  quod  nulla  cadavera  calcent ;  60 

Et  sane  quo  tot  rixantis  milia  turbae, 

Si  vivunt  omnes  ?  ergo  acrior  impetus,  et  iam 

Saxa  inclinatis  per  humum  quaesita  lacertis 

Incipiunt  torquere,  domestica  seditioni 

Tela,  nee  hunc  lapidem,  qualis  et  Turnus  et  Aiax,          65 

Vel  quo  Tydides  percussit  pondere  coxam 

Aeneae,  sed  quern  valeant  emittere  dextrae 

Illis  dissimiles  et  nostro  tempore  natae. 

Nam  genus  hoc  vivo  iam  decrescebat  Homero ; 

Terra  malos  homines  nunc  educat  atque  pusillos.  70 

Ergo  deus,  quicumque  aspexit,  ridet  et  odit. 

A  deverticulo  repetatur  fabula.     Postquam, 
Subsidiis  aucti,  pars  altera  promere  ferrum 
Audet  et  infestis  pugnam  instaurare  sagittis : 

4h.  Aegyptos  P,  Aegyptus  «. 


SATURA  XV.  99 

Terga  fuga  celeri  praestant,  instantibus  Ombis,  75 

Qui  vicina  colunt  umbrosae  Tentyra  palmae. 

Labitur  hinc  quidam,  nimia  formidine  cursum 

Praecipitans,  capiturque.     Ast  ilium  in  plurima  sectuni 

Frusta  et  particulas,  ut  multis  mortuus  unus 

Snfficeret,  totum  corrosis  ossibus  edit  80 

Victrix  turba,  nee  ardenti  decoxit  aheno 

Aut  veribus ;  longum  usque  adeo  tardumque  putavit 

Expectare  focos,  contenta  cadavere  crudo. 

Hie  gaudere  libet  quod  non  violaverit  ignem, 

Quern  summa  caeli  raptum  de  parte  Prometheus  85 

Donavit  terris ;  elemento  gratulor  et  te 

Exultare  reor.     Sed  qui  mordere  cadaver 

Sustinuit,  nil  umquam  hac  carne  libentius  edit; 

Narn  scelere  in  tanto  ne  quaeras  et  dubites  an 

Prima  voluptatem  gula  senserit ;  ultimus  autem  90 

Qui  stetit,  absumpto  iam  toto  corpore,  ductis 

Per  terram  digitis  aliquid  de  sanguine  gustat 

Vascones,  haec  fama  est,  alimentis  talibus  olim 

Produxere  animas  :  sed  res  diversa,  sed  illic 

Fortunae  invidia  est  bellorumque  ultima,  casus  95 

Extremi,  longae  dira  obsidionis  egestas. 

Huius  enim,  quod  nunc  agitur,  miserabile  debet 

Exemplum  esse  cibi ;  sicut  modo  dicta  mihi  gens 

Post  omnes  herbas,  post  cuncta  animalia,  quidquid 

Cogebat  vacui  ventris  furor,  hostibus  ipsis  100 

Pallorem  ac  maciem  et  tenues  miserantibus  artus, 

Membra  aliena  fame  lacerabant,  esse  parati 

Et  sua.     Quisnam  bominum  veniam  dare,  quisve  deorum, 

76.  fugat  celeri  P,  fuga  sceleri  /',  fugae  s;  praestant  instantibus 
Ombis  Afercerus,  praestan  .  .  .  P,  praestantibus  omnibus  instant  JM». 
93.  alimentis  pu,  dementia  P.  97,  98.  delebat  Gvitervs. 


100  IX  ItfN.  ItfVENALtS 

Urbibus  abnueret  dira  atque  immania  passis, 

Et  qtiibus  illorum  poteraut  ignoscere  manes,  105 

Quorum  corporibus  vescebantur?    Melius  nos    . 

Zenonis  praecepta  monent ;  nee  enini  omnia  quidam 

Pro  vita  facienda  putant :  sed  Cantaber  unde 

Stoicus,  antiqui  praesertim  aetate  Metelli  ? 

Nunc  totus  Graias  nostrasque  habet  orbis  Athenas,       110 

Gallia  causidicos  docuit  facunda  Britannos, 

De  conducendo  loquitur  iam  rhetore  Thyle. 

Nobilis  ille  tameu  populus,  quern  diximus,  et  par 

Virtute  atque  fide,  sed  maior  clade,  Zacynthos, 

Tale  quid  excusat :  Maeotide  saevior  ara  115 

Aegyptos.     Quippe  ilia  nefandi  Taurica  sacri 

Inventrix  homines — ut  iam,  quae  carmina  tradunt, 

Digna  fide  credas — tantum  immolat,  ulterius  nil 

Aut  gravius  cultro  timet  hostia :  quis  modo  casus 

Inpulit  hos  ?  quae  tanta  fames  infestaque  vallo  120 

Arma  coegerunt  tam  detestabile  monstrum 

Audere?  anne  aliam,  terra  Memphitide  sicca, 

Invidiam  facerent  nolenti  surgere  Nilo  ? 

Qua  nee  terribiles  Cimbri  nee  Brittones  umquam 

Sauromataeque  truces  aut  immanes  Agathyrsi,  125 

Hac  saevit  rabie  inbelle  et  inutile  vulgus, 

Parvula  fictilibus  solitum  dare  vela  pbaselis 

Et  brevibus  pictae  remis  incumbere  testae. 

Nee  poenam  sceleri  invenies,  nee  digna  parabis 

Supplicia  his  populis,  in  quorum  mente  pares  sunt       130 

Et  similes  ira  atque  fames.     Mollissima  corda 

Humano  generi  dare  se  natura  fatetur, 

Quae  lacrimas  dedit ;  haec  nostri  pars  optima  sensus. 

104.  urbibus  Ps,  viribus  />«,  ventribus    Valetivs.      107.  quidam  Pt 
quaedamjpw.     114.  Zacynthos  P,  Saguntus  a. 


SATURA  XV.  101 

Plorare  ergo  iubet  causam  dicentis  amici 

Squaloremque  rei,  pupillum  ad  iura  vocantem  135 

Circumscriptorem,  ouius  manantia  fletu 

Ora  puellares  faciunt  incerta  capilli. 

Naturae  imperio  gemimus,  cum  funus  adultae 

Virginis  ocourrit  vel  terra  clauditur  infans 

Et  minor  igne  rogi ;  quis  enim  bonus  et  face  dignus     140 

Arcana,  qualem  Cereris  vult  esse  sacerdos, 

Ulla  aliena  sibi  credit  mala  ?     Separat  hoc  nos 

A  grege  mutorum,  atque  ideo  venerabile  soli 

Sortiti  ingenium,  divinorumque  capaces, 

Atque  exercendis  capiendisque  artibus  apti  145 

Sensum  a  caelesti  demissum  traximus  arce, 

Cuius  egent  prona  et  terram  spectantia.     Mundi 

Principio  indulsit  communis  conditor  illis 

Tantum  animas,  nobis  animum  quoque,  inutuus  ut  nos 

Adfectus  petere  auxilium  et  praestare  iuberet,  150 

Disperses  trahere  in  populum,  migrare  vetusto 

De  nemore  et  proavis  habitatas  linquere  silvas, 

Aedificare  domos,  laribus  coniungere  nostris 

Tectum  aliud,  tutos  vicino  limine  somnos 

Ut  collata  daret  fiducia,  protegere  armis  155 

Lapsum  aut  ingenti  nutantem  vulnere  civem, 

Communi  dare  signa  tuba,  defendier  isdem 

Turribus  atque  una  portarum  clave  teneri. 

Sed  iam  serpentum  maior  concordia ;  parcit 

Cognatis  maculis  similis  fera :  quando  leoni  160 

Fortior  eripuit  vitam  leo  ?  quo  nemore  umquam 

Expiravit  aper  maioris  dentibus  apri  ? 

Indica  tigris  agit  rabida  cum  tigride  pacem 

Perpetuam,  saevis  inter  se  convenit  ursis : 

134.  causam  dicentis  P«,  caaum  lugentis  s.     142.  credit  Pst  credat  pv. 


102 


D.  IUN.   IUVENALIS 


Ast  homini  ferrum  letale  incude  nefanda  165 

Produxisse  par  urn  est,  cum  rastra  et  sarcula  tan  turn 

Adsueti  coquere  et  marris  ac  vomere  lassi 

Nescierint  primi  gladios  extendere  fabri. 

Aspicimus  populos,  quorum  non  sufficit  irae 

Occidisse  aliquem,  sed  pectora,  bracchia,  vultum  170 

Crediderint  genus  esse  cibi ;  quid  diceret  ergo 

Vel  quo  non  fugeret,  si  nunc  haec  monstra  videret, 

Pythagoras,  cunctis  animalibus  abstinuit  qui 

Tamquam  homine,  et  ventri  indulsit  non  omne  legumen  ? 

174.  homine  /w,  homini  P. 


Ruins  of  a  Roman  camp  in  Servia. 

SATURA   XVI. 

Quis  numerate  queat  felicis  praemia,  Galli, 

Militiae?  nam  si  subeuntur  prospera  castra, 

Me  pavidum  excipiat  tironem  porta  secundo 

Sidere.     Plus  etenim  fati  valet  hora  benigni, 

Quam  si  nos  Veneris  commendet  epistula  Marti  5 

Et  Samia  genetrix  quae  delectatur  harena. 

Commoda  tractemus  primum  communia,  quorum 
Haud  minimum  illud  erit,  ne  to  pulsare  togatus 
Audeat,  immo  etsi  pulsetur,  dissimulet,  nee 
Audeat  excussos  praetori  ostendere  dentes  10 

Et  nigram  in  facie  tumidis  livoribus  offam 
Atque  oculum  medico  nil  promittente  relictum. 
Bardaicus  index  datur  haec  pifnire  volenti, 
Calceus  et  grandes  magua  ad  subsellia  surae, 
Legibus  antiquis  castrorum  et  more  Camilli  15 

Servato,  miles  ne  vallum  litiget  extra 
Et  procul  a  signis.     lustissima  centurionum 
Cognitio  est  igitur  do  milite,  nee  mihi  derit 

1.  Galli  P,  Ga!le/>a>.     2.  nam  si  Pee,  quod  si  Priscian,  ante  ,?  lacunam 
statuerat  lahn.     12.  oculur.i  P,  oculos  «;  relictos />«,  relictum  <»/>.  P. 


IQ4.  D.  1UN.   1UVENALIS 

Ultio,  si  iustae  defertur  causa  querellae ; 

Tota  tamen  chors  est  inimica,  omnesqvie  manipli  20 

Consensu  magno  eificiunt,  curabilis  ut  sit 

Vindicta  et  gravior  quam  iniuria.     Dignum  erit  ergo 

Declamatoris  mulino  corde  Vagelli, 

Cum  duo  crura  habeas,  offendere  tot  caligas,  tot 

Milia  clavorum.     Quis  tarn  procul  absit  ab  urbe  25 

Praeterea,  quis  tarn  Pylades,  molem  aggeris  ultra 

Ut  veniat  ?  lacrimae  siccentur  protinus,  et  se 

Excusaturos  non  sollicitemus  amicos. 

*'  Da  testem,"  iudex  cum  dixerit,  audeat  ille 

Nescio  quis,  pugnos  qui  vidit,  dicere  "  Vidi " :  30 

Et  credam  dignum  barba  dignumque  capillis 

Maiorum.     Citius  falsum  producere  testem 

Contra  paganum  possis,  quam  vera  loquentem 

Contra  fortunam  armati  contraque  pudorem. 

Praemia  nunc  alia  atque  alia  emolumenta  notemus     35 
Sacramentorum.     Convallem  ruris  aviti 
Improbus  aut  campum  mihi  si  vicinus  ademit, 
Et  sacrum  effodit  medio  de  limite  saxum, 
Quod  mea  cum  patulo  coluit  puls  annua  libo, 
Debitor  aut  sumptos  pergit  non  reddere  nummos,  40 

Vana  supervacui  dicens  chirographa  ligni : 
Expectandus  erit  qui  lites  inchoet  annus 
Totius  populi ;  sed  tune  quoque  mille  ferenda 
Taedia,  mille  morae  :  totiens  subsellia  tantum 
Sternuntur ;  iam  facundo  ponente  lacernas  45 

Caedicio,  parati 

Digredimur,  lentaque  fori  pugnamus,  harena. 
Ast  illis,  quos  arma  tegunt  et  balteus  ambit, 
Quod  placitum  est  ipsis  praestatur  tempus  agendi, 

20.  tamen  cohors  P,  cohors  tamen  w.     24.  caligas  tot  j,  caligatos  Ps. 


SATURA  XVI. 


105 


Nee  res  atteritur  longo  sufflaraine  litis.  50 

Solis  praeterea  testandi  militibus  ius 

Vivo  patre  datur ;  nam,  quae  sunt  parta  labore 

Militiae,  placuit  non  esse  in  corpore  census, 

Omne  tenet  cuius  regimen  pater.     Ergo  Coranum, 

Signorum  comitem  castrorumque  aera  merentem,  55 

Quamvis  iam  tremulus  captat  pater.     Hunc  favor  aequus 

Provehit  et  pulchro  reddit  sua  dona  labori. 

Ipsius  certe  ducis  hoc  referre  videtur, 

Ut,  qui  fortis  erit,  sit  felicissimus  idem, 

Ut  laeti  phaleris  omnes  et  torquibus  omnes  60 

66.  favor  Ruperti,  labor  P<a. 


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NOTES 


THK   8TA 

INTRODUCTION. — The  reference 
shows  that  the  satire  was  not  writU 

Juvenal  first  gives  his  reasons 
wearisome  accounts  of  mythological  • 
venge  by  giving  his  tormentor*  sometL 
why  he  chooses  the  field  of  satire :  the  eo. 
and  wealth  rule  society,  forces  an  earnes 
rather  than  the  past.     He  will  take  human  . 
theme ;  these  passions  were  never  more  openly 
in  Rome,  when  gambling,  gluttony,  and  avarice 
subject  may  demand  more  audacity  than  he  posses, 
deal  with  the  living,  he  may  at  least  attack  the  vices  01 


1.  Auditor  tantum,  a  mere  listener.    The  practice  of  giving  reau 
one's  own  poems  (introduced  by  Asinius  Pollio  about  100  B.  c.)  had  * 
very  common  and,  to  most  people,  very  disagreeable.     The  younger  Ph. 
however,  seems  to  have  enjoyed  it.     Cf.  Plin.  Ep.  1, 18. 

Eeponam,  pay  back—L  e.,  write  something  of  my  own  for  others  to 
listen  to. 

2.  Band,  from  so  much  reading  aloud. 

Theseide— i.  e.,  the  story  of  Theseus,  as  the  Aeneid  was  the  story  of 
Aeneas.  Mythology  and  hero-stories  furnished  a  rich  field  for  the  society 
poet. 

3.  Ergo,  then,  as  often. 

Togatas  (fabulas).  The  principal  forms  of  Roman  drama  were :  togatat^ 
comedies  on  Roman  subjects,  in  which  the  characters  wore  the  toga; 
palliatae,  comedies  dealing  with  Greek  life,  in  whicli  the  Greek  garment, 


lied  from  the  toga 

to  the  length  of  the 
Achilles's  spear.     Cf. 

ling;  probably  summi 

t>art  of  the  book  was  full. 

sed  of  sheets  of  papyrus 

.y  one  side  of  each  sheet. 


Fie.  1.— Roman  reading. 

7.  Lucus  Martis.    Several  such  groves  are  mentioned  by  the  ancients' 
this  may  be  any  one  of  them. 

8.  Antrum  Vulcani.    Vergil  VIII,  422,  calls  Lipara,  one  of  the  Aeolian 
islands,  north  of  Sicily,  Vulcani  domus. 

9.  Agant  und  the  following  verbs  are  subjuuctive  in  indirect  questions, 
objects  of  clamant. 


SATIRE  1.  HI 

10.  Aeaous,  Minos,  and  Rhadamanthus  were  the  judges  of  the  dead. 
Alius,  Jason,  wlio  went  in  Hcarcli  of  the  golden  fleece.  Cf.  Ov.  Met.  VII,  1  fl. 
Hi  Monychus,  in  the  contest  between  the  Centaurs  and  the  Lapitbae. 
Cf.  Ov.  Met.  XII,  510  tf. 

12.  Frontonis,  some  rich  patron  of  literature  ;  perhaps  Ti.  Catius  Fronto, 
who  defended  Mariu-*  Priscus.     Cf.  line  49. 

Marmora  convulsa,  a  strong  expression  of  the  effect  produced  by  the  Vigor- 
ous reading.  Cf.  VII,  %§,fregit  subsellia  versu. 

13.  Adsiduo  lectore,  almost  =  the  assiduity  of  the  reader  /  the  ablative  of 
the  agent  properly  requires  the  preposition  ah  ;  in  such  cases  as  this  the 
stress  is  laid  on  the  quality  expressed  by  the  adjective,  not  on  the  person. 

14.  Cf.  Hor.  Ep.  II.  1, 117.    Scribimus  indocti  doctique  poemata  passim. 

15.  Et  nos,  etc.    2,  too,  have  flinched  from  the  rod,  and  written  compost' 
lions,  i.  e. — in  these  times  a  common-school  education  seems  to  be  the  only 
requisite  for  a  poet;  that  I  have  had:  why  should  not  I  write  poems  as 
well  as  others  1 

18.  Oonsilium,  etc.  School  themes  were  often  on  subjects  drawn  from 
history.  This  was  an  address  to  Sulla  advising  his  abdication. 

Altum,  used  as  an  adverb.  Ct.  Pope's  "  Drink  deep,  or  taste  not  the 
Pierian  spring," 

18.  Vatibus,  used  contemptuously,  "  bards."  The  dative  is  indirect 
object.  "Verbs  compounded  with  certain  prepositions  take  the  dative" 
only  because  the  combination  modifies  the  original  meaning  iu  such  a  way 
that  the  resulting  verbal  phrase  (verb  -f  preposition)  requires  an  indirect 
object. 

Periturae— i.  e.,  sure  to  be  spoiled  by  some  one. 

19f  Having  justified  his  writing,  Juvenal  proceeds  to  justify  his  writing 
satire. 

20.  Aurnnoae  altunnns.    Lucilius,  the  early  Roman  satirist,  was  born  at 
Suessa  Aurunca  in  Campania,  148  u.  o.     Cf.  Hor.  Sat.  I,  10,  56-74 ;  II,  1, 
SOff. 

21.  Si  vacat — i.  e.,  si  vacui  estis,  if  yon  are  at  leisure. 

25.  Quo  tondente,  ablative  absolute,  translate,  under  whose  shears. 
Gravis,  his  beard  was  gruvis  because  it  brought  a  certain  amount  of 

gravitas,  dignity. 

Mihi  iuveni,  a  sort  of  dative  of  reference.     This  line  occurs  again  X,  226. 

26.  Pars  refers  to  Crispinus. 

Verna  Oanopi,  born  and  bred  at  Oanopus,  not  necessarily  a  house  slave. 
Canopus  was  a  city  of  Egypt,  near  Alexandria,  noted  for  its  profligacy. 

27.  Orispinus  is  said  to  have  come  to  Rome  as  a  fish-peddler,  and  to  have 
been  made  an  eques  by  Domitian. 

Umero  revocante,  he  gave  a  lazy  shrug  of  the  shoulder  to  prevent  his 
cloak  from  slipping  off. 

y 


112 


NOTES. 


28.  Aestivum  anrmn.  The  ultra-fashionable  Romans  had  lighter  finger- 
rings  for  summer. 

30.  Batnram.  Juvenal  seems  to  use  the  word  with  something  of  the 
idea  of  our  satire  ;  originally  it  meant  medley,  and  was  derived  from  lanx 
satura,  a  basket  of  first  fruit-offerings. 

32,  Cansidici,  pettifogger.  Matho  seems  to  have  been  well  known. 
Juvenal  mentions  him  in  two  other  places,  and  Martial  often. 

Lectica,    Cf.  Fig.  2. 


Pio.  2.— Lectica. 


33.  Delator,  The  trade  of  informer  was  very  profitable  as  well  as  very 
disreputable.  Cf.  Tac.  Hist.  IV,  42. 

35.  Massa.    Baebius  M&ssa  was  procurator  of  Africa  in  70  A.  D.     He 
was  accused  of  extortion  (repetundarum},  after  his  proconsulate  in  Baetica, 
by  Herennius  Senecio  and  the  younger  Pliny. 

36.  Cams.    Mettius  Cams  was  another  infamous  informer;  he  secured 
the  condemnation  of  Ilerennius  Senecio  in  73  A.  D.    Cf.  Plin.  Ep.  1,  5,  3 ; 
VII,  19,  5.    Thymele  was  an  actress,  Latinus  an  actor. 

46.  lecur.  The  ancients  localized  various  passions  in  different  organs 
of  the  body,  for  which  physiological  justification  is  not  wanting.  Trans- 
late heart.  Cf.  Hor.  Odes  1, 13,  4. 


SATIRE  I.  113 

48.  Gregibns.     An  intentionally  undignified  word,  almost  =  "gangs." 

48.  Infamia.     Kithcr  general  =  digyr.ice,  or  special  —  dripta,  loss  of  civil 
rights. 

49.  Ab  octava— i.  e.,  he  began  his  feasting  at  the  unseemly  hour  of  two 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 

Marios  (Priscus)  was  accused  for  his  extortion  in  Africa,  by  Pliny  and  Taci- 
tus, in  100  A.  D.  He  was  condemned,  but  had  stolen  enough  to  pay  his  fine 
and  live  in  luxury  besides.  The  province  gained  its  case,  but  very  little  else. 

51.  Venusina  lucerna.     Horace  was  born  at  Venusia,  65  B.  o.     Cf.  Hor. 
Sat.  II,  1,  34. 

Lucerna,  perhaps,  as  most  editors  think,  means  "  midnight  oil "  ;  it  may, 
however,  as  the  Scholiast  suggests,  refer  to  the  light  shed  by  the  lamp 
of  genius. 

52.  Agitem,  drive  at,  pursue. 

Heracleas  (fabulas).     The  plural  makes  it  general. 

53.  Labyrinth!  mugitum — i.  e.,  the  Minotaur. 

54.  Puero,  Icarus.    The  preposition  is  not  used,  because  the  unfortunate 
boy  was  not  an  active  agent  in  the  matter. 

Fabrum,  Daedalus. 

68.  Ouram,  charge,  control. 

59.  Caret  follows  the  perfect  donavit  naturally,  since  it  denotes  a  pres- 
ent state  resulting  from  past  action. 

60.  Pervolat,  flics  along. 

61.  Flaminiam  (viam).    The  great  north  road  leading  from 
Borne  over  the  pans  Mulvius  to  Ariminum. 

Automedon,  the  charioteer  of  Achilles.     The  young  man  drives 
his  own  chariot.     So  in  the  modern  tally-ho. 

62.  Lacernatae,  in  a  man's  cloak, 

Be  iaotaret.    Se  iactare  =  to  brag,  boast,  show  off. 

63.  Oeras.    The  Romans  often  took  notes  for  temporary  use 
on  wax-contcd  tablets,  writing  with  a  pointed  ivory  stylut.    Cf. 
Figs.  8  and  4. 

64.  lam  sexta  cervioe.    Ho  already  has  six  slaves  to  bear  his 

litter,  soon  he  may  have  eight.  yio.  3. 

65.  Hino  atque  lode  =  hinc  atque  hinc,  on  thin  side  and  that.  Stylus. 
Nuda,  optn. 

66.  Seferens,  wailling. 

Maecenate  snpino.  Maecenas,  the  friend  and  patron  of  Horace,  had  a 
reputation  for  effeminacy,  which  is  referred  to  in  the  adjective  supino. 

67i  Falso.  Siynator  retains  sufficient  verbal  force  to  admit  the  use  of 
the  adverb. 

68.  Uda,  to  prevent  it  from  clinging  to  the  wax. 

j9.  Galenum  (si/nun),  wine  from  Gales  in  Campania. 


8 


114 


NOTES. 


FIG.  4.— Writing  tablets. 

70i  Sitiente  is  probably  ablative  absolute  with  eo  understood,  while  viro 
is  dative.  The  explanation  seems  harsh  but  unavoidable.  Note  that  the 
quantity  of  the  »  in  viro  prevents  it  from  being  mistaken  for  a  form  of 
virus. 

?!•  Luousta  was  a  famous  professional  poisoner  who  killed  Claudius  to 
please  Agrippina,  and  Britannicus  to  please  Nero. 

Propinqnas,  neighbors. 

72,  Per  famam  et  popnlum,  through  (and  so  in  defiance  of)  the  talk  of  the 
people. 

Nigros,  from  fie  effect  of  the  poison.. 


SATIRE  I. 


115 


PIG.  5.— Bronze  jugs. 


Efferre  has  the  special  sense,  to  carry  out  the  bodies  of  the  dead.  Cf. 
Nepos.  Arist.  3,  2. 

73.  Gyaris,  a  small  desolate  island  near  Andros,  one  of  the  Cyclades,  to 
which  criminals  were  transported. 

75.  Oriminibus,  usually  accusations,  here  probably  crimes. 
Debent,  the  subject  is 

to  be  supplied. 

Praetoria,  palaces, 
originally  the  tents  of 
the  commander. 

76.  Caprum — i.  e.,  the 
ornaments  on  the  silver- 
ware, among  which  fig- 
ures   of  animals    were 
common.     Cf.  Fig.  5. 

79.  Indignatio,     The 
o  in  such  words  shows 
a  gradual  tendency  to 
become  short. 

80.  Cluvienus  is  un- 
known, probably  some 

poor  poet  6~f  the  time,  with  whom  Juvenal,  with  assumed,  modesty,  com- 
pares himselt. 

81.  Deucalion,    For  an  account  of  the  flood  from  which  Deucalion  and 
Pyrrha  alone  were  saved,  cf.  Ov.  Met.  I,  260. 

Nimbis— i.  e.,  the  rains. 

83.  The  legend  was  that,  after  the  destruction  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
earth  by  the  flood,  a  new  race  was  created  from  the  stones  upon  the 
mountain-side. 

86.  Discnrsua,  restless  running  to  and  fro. 

Farrago,  medley,  literally  mixed  fodder  given  to  cattle.   Cf.far  and/arj «  a. 

88.  Sinus.    The  fold  of  the  toga,  used  as  a  pocket,  was  called  sinus.    Cf. 
Fig.  6.     This  is  probably  what  is  meant  here.     Others  take  sinus  to  mean 
sail,  others  gulf  ;  of  these  the  former  seems  less  well  suited  to  the  meaning 
of  patuit  /  the  latter  is  inapplicable  ;  avarice  does  not  throw  things  into  an 
abyss,  but  draws  them  into  its  own  keeping. 

Alea,  supply  habuit.  Such  omissions  are  common  in  conversational 
style.  Translate  when  was  gambling  so  bold  f 

89,  Neque,  nee  is  much  more  usual  in  post- Augustan  poets.    Juvenal  has 
it  160  times,  neque  only  7. 

Itur,  "  on  va,  they  go." 

91.  Dispensatore.  In  the  battles  of  the  gaming-table  the  steward  took 
charge  of  the  sinews  of  war — i.  e.,  furnished  the  money. 


116 


NOTES. 


92.  Sestertia  centum, 
about  $4,000.     II.  647, 
III. 

93.  Eeddere  =  to  give 
back,  then  to  give  what 
is   due,    so    here.      It 
does    not    mean     that 
the     master     gambles 
away  all   his  property 
and  then   pledges    his 
slave's     clothing,     but 
that  his  losses  are  so 
great  that  he  can  not 
properly  clothe  his  ser- 
vants. 

94.  Quis  totidem,  etc. 
Avarice,    recklessness, 
and  luxury  all  go  to- 
gether.   The  rich  men 
of  the    day    dined  on 
seven      courses,      but 
alone.      What    a   con- 
trast    to     the     frugal 
meals  of  the  ancients, 
where  the  patron  was 
surrounded  by  his  cli- 
ents, whose  relation  to 
him  was  one  of  honor- 
able dependence  1 

95.  Sportula.         In 
early    times    the    cli- 
ents dined  with  their 
patron    (cena     recta) ; 
later  a  basket  of  food, 
a    "dole,"   was  given 


FIG.  6.— Toga  with  sinns. 


to  each  client  at  the  door ;  finally,  a  sum  of  money  was  substituted. 

96.  Turbae  togatae.    There  is  a  certain  irony  in  the  combination  of  these 
two  words,  "  a  dress-coat  mob." 

97.  Die.    Like  our  emphatic  A«,  the  master. 

99.  A  praecone.    A  regular  list  of  those  to  whom  the  sportula  was  due 
was  kept  to  avoid  repeaters  and  substitutes. 

100.  Troiugenas,  members  of  the  oldest  Roman  families.    Many  gentet 
traced  their  origin  from  Trojan  heroes ;  so  the  Julian  gens  from  lulus. 


SATIRE  1. 


117 


Et  Ipsi,  they  too,  even  they. 

101.  Da  praetori,  etc.  There  seem  to  have  been  two  classes  of  these 
respectable  beggars,  the  impoverished  aristocrats  and  the  wealthy  up- 
starts. The  praetor  and  the  tribumis  belong  to  the  former,  the  libertinus 
to  the  latter. 

104.  Quod  refers  to  the 
statement  concerning  his 
birthplace. 

Feneatrae.  Holes  for 
ear-rings,  marking  his 
Eastern  origin. 

105.  Licet,  although. 
Tabernae,    shops.      Of. 

Fig.  7,  a  bas-relief  repre- 
sentation of  a  cutler's 
shop. 

106.  Quadringenta  (ses- 
tertia).  The  census  eq  uester 
was  400,000  sesterces. 

Quid  confert,  etc.,  what 
does  equestrian  rank 
amount  to,  if  a  member 
of  one  of  the  old  families 


FIG.  7.— Tahorna. 


like  Corvinus  has  to  hire 
himself  out  as  a  shepherd? 

107.  Laurenti.    Laurentum  was  near  the  coast  of  Latium,  between  O.-tia 
and  Lavinium.     Cf.  Livy  1, 1. 

108.  Conduotas.     Conduare  is  used  in  two  senses  :  couditcere  rem  uten- 
dam  means  to  pay  for  the  use  of  a  thing,  conducere  rem  faciendum  means 
to  receive  pay  for  taking  care  of  a  thing. 

109.  Pallante  et  Licinis.    For  the  plural,  cf.  line  52.     Pallas  and  Licinus 
were  freedmen  proverbial  for  their  wealth.     The  former  was  a  favorite  of 
the  Emperor  Claudius  and  a  brother  of  the  Felix  mentioned  in  the  Acts  of 
the  Apostles.     The  latter  was  one  of  Augustus's  favorites. 

110.  Sacro  honori,  the  tribuneship,  which  was  a  sacred  office,  in  that  the 
Incumbent  was  secure  from  arrest. 

111.  Pedibus  albis.    This  is  usually  explained  by  reference  to  some  sup- 
posed custom  of  marking  the  feet  of  slaves  with  chalk.    May  it  not  mean 
barefooted  ? 

113.  Etd,  etc.     It  is  a  wonder  that,  among  the  host  of  temples  erected  to 
all  sorts  of  divinities,  we  have  not  dedicated,  one  to  the  real  god  of  our 
idolatry,  the  "  almighty  dollar." 

114.  Habitat,  used  intransitively. 


118  NOTES. 

116.  Quae,  referring  to  Concordia,  is  the  subject  of  crepitat. 
Salutato  nido  refers  to  the  noise  of  the  birds  that  had  built  their  nests  in 
the  ruins  of  the  temple. 

117i  Smnmus  honor— i.  e.,  the  consul,  so  men  of  rank  and  position. 

119.  Comites,  etc.,  the  rest  of  us,  we  poor  men  who  depend  on  the 
sportula  for  the  necessaries  of  life,  are  naturally  reduced  to  such  tricks  as 
those  described  below. 

120.  Densisrima  lectica,  crowds  of  litters.     The  singular  is  used  col- 
lectively.   Cf.  plurima  rosa. 

Centum  quadraates,  the  usual  amount  of  the  sportula,  about  25  cents. 

125.  Galla  mea  est.    One  man  brings  his  wife,  that  he  may  secure  a 
double  amount ;  another  brings  an  empty  sedan-chair.     If  the  praeco  has 
his  suspicions,  the  man  puts  on  a  bold  front  and  calls  out  to  the  supposed 
occupant  to  show  herself;  as  she  remains  invisible,  he  excuses  her,  on 
the  ground  that  she  is  probably  asleep,  and  begs  the  clerk  not  to  dis- 
turb her. 

126.  Quiescet.    The  future  denotes  probability,  as  often  in  German. 

127.  Pnlchro,  ironical,  fine. 

128.  Inria.    The  use  of  the  genitive  with  such  adjectives  as  peritw,  is 
increasingly  common  in  post-Augustan  writers.     There  was  a  statue  of 
Apollo  near  the  law-courts,  hence  his  supposed  skill  in  law. 

130.  Nesoio  quis,  some  —  or  other. 

Arabarches,  an  Egyptian  title,  used  here  in  contempt. 

133.  Vota,  hopes  ;  so  Horace,  Hoc  erat  in  votis.    Sat.  II,  6, 1. 

134.  Miseris,  dative  of  "  apparent 
agent."     Really  a  dative  of  interest 
like  any  other. 

136.  Bex  hornm,  the  patron. 
Toris.     Torus,  properly  a  cushion 

placed  on  the  couch,  came  to  be  ap- 
plied to  the  couch  itself.  Cf. 
Fig.  8. 

137.  Orbibus.     The  collection  of        _ 

round    tables    made  from   a  single  pIO  ^ Toms 

section  of  rare  wood,  was  a  fashion- 
able folly  of  the  time.  Cf.  Becker,  Gallus  II,  302,  ff. 

139.  Nullus  iam,  etc.  The  race  of  parasites,  poor  but  agreeable  table 
companions,  is  gradually  disappearing  (and  a  good  thing  too),  for  who 
could  bear,  etc.  Others  take  this  to  be  a  remark  of  the  rich  man  :  "  At  all 
events  we  shall  get  rid  of  parasites." 

142.  Amictus,  accusative  plural. 

145.  Nee  tristis — i.  e.,  by  no  means  sad. 

146.  Ducitnr  fnnus,    One  of  the  many  specialized  uses  of  ducere. 


SATIRE   I. 


110 


Iritis  amicia,  becau.se,  dying  intestate,  the  rich  man  had  left  them  no 
legacies.  Another  dative  of  apparent  agent. 

149.  Omne  in  praeoipiti,  etc.  Vice  has  reached  its  climax,  subject  far 
satire  is  ready,  one  has  only  to  spread  one's  sails. 

153.  Simplioitas,  boldness,  frankness.    The  following  lines  are  quoted  as 
an  example  of  the  boldness  of  ancient  satire. 

154.  Refert.     Note  the  difference   between  refert  and  rtfert  —  e.  g., 
line  118. 

155.  Pone  Tigellinum,  etc., put  Tigellinus  into  your  verses — i.  e.,  try  such 
satire  in  these  times — and  you  will  find  your  punishment  ready.    The  pun- 
ishment here  described  is  said  to  have  been  inflicted  on  many  of  the  early 
Christians.     The  victim  was  surrounded  with  pitch  (taeda),  his  chin  sup- 
ported by  a  stake  (Jixo  pectore),  and  he  was  then  burned.    The  body  would 
be  drawn  away  through  the  sand  of  the  arena. 

157i  Deducis  must  be  for  the  future  tense.  Others  read  deducit,  supply- 
ing quae  referring  to  taeda  above  as  its  subject. 

158.  Qui  dedit, 
etc.  Juvenal  asks, 
"Shall   all  these 
crimes  go  on  unre- 
buked?" 

Vehatur  is  sub- 
junctive in  a  de- 
liberative ques- 
tion. 

159.  Illino- 
i.  e.,  from  his  lec- 
tica. 

160.  Contra  = 
obviam. 

161.  Aocnsator, 
etc.    Merely  say- 
ing, "  That  is  the 
man,"  will  cause 
you  to  be  looked 
on  as  his  accuser. 

162.  Aeneam    You  may  safely  pit  Aeneas  against  Rutulus,  or  write  of 
Achilles  or  Hylns,  but  beware  of  rousing  men's  wrath  and  tears  by  touch- 
ing on  the  sins  of  the  day.     We  ure  reminded  of  a  modern  clergyman  who 
desired  to  spare  the  feelings  of  his  hearers,  and  so  preached  on  the  terrible 
depravity  of  cannibalism. 

164.  Hylas  was  the  favorite  of  Hercules ;  going  to  draw  water,  he  was 
seized  and  carried  off  by  the  nymphs. 


V 


FIG.  9.— Tomb  of  Caecilia  Mrti-lla. 


120 


NOTES. 


168.  Inde  irae  et  lacrimae.    Terence's  hinc  iilae  lacrimae  (And.  1, 126) 
Lad  become  proverbial. 

169.  Dnelli.     Dudlum  is  the  older  form  of  bellwm,  as  duonus  of  bonut. 
Cf.  duo  and  bis. 

170.  Experiar.    Juvenal  answers,  "  I  will  try  then  what  I  may  be  al- 
lowed to  say  about  the  dead  whose  tombs  line  the  highways."    The  most 
imposing  monuments  of  the  dead  were  built  beside  the  Appian,  Fluminian, 


Fio.  10.— Restoration  of  tombs  on  the  Appian  Way. 

and  Latin  roads.  The  laws  of  the  twelve  tables  forbade  interments  within 
the  city.  The  tomb  of  Caecilia  Metclla,  on  the  Appian,  is  shown  in  Fig.  9. 
Fig.  10  is  an  attempt  to  reproduce  the  original  appearance  of  the  tombs  on 
the  Appian  road. 

171.  Notice  the  singular  cinis,  where  we  use  the  plural ;  Juvenal  has 
cintret  in  XI,  44. 


SATIRK  IIL  121 


SATIRE  III. 

THE    DISADVANTAGES    OF    UFE   AT   ROME. 

INTRODUCTION. — Juvenal  tt-lln  us  that  as  Utnbricius,  one  of  his  friends, 
who  has  decided  to  leave  Koine  and  find  a  home  at  Cumae,  is  waiting  for 
the  cart  that  is  to  carry  his  goods  to  his  new  dwelling-place,  they  walk 
t<  >;n:t!ier  to  a  spot  just  outside  the  walls,  and  there  Umbricius  tells  him  why 
the  great  city  has  become  unbearable  to  him.  There  is  no  room  for  honest 
men  where  all  success  is  the  reward  of  wrong- doing.  Rome  lias  become 
the  paradise  of  servile,  versatile,  conscienceless  Greeks,  who  are  ready  to 
assume  every  role,  even  that  of  the  professional  philosopher,  and  arc  equally 
unscrupulous  in  all.  Nor  is  there  room  at  Rome  for  a  poor  man.  He  is  ill- 
treated  and  despised,  and  is  likely  to  be  driven  to  dishonesty  by  the  osten- 
tation and  display  that  society  forces  upon  him.  The  dangers  of  the  city 
are  described,  and  it  is  shown  that  they  press  most  heavily  on  him  who 
can  not  purchase  safety.  The  fire  that  ruins  the  poor  man  is  a  source  of 
gain  to  the  rich ;  the  poor  man  must  be  jostled  in  the  crowd  and  risk  his 
life  among  the  loaded  wagons,  while  the  rich  man  is  borne  alotl  out  of 
reach  of  danger  in  his  luxurious  litter. 

The  subject  is  not  exhausted,  but  the  wagon  has  come,  the  driver  calls, 
and  Umbricius  bids  Juvenal  good-by. 

1.  Confosns,  disturbed. 

2.  Laudo,  its  object  is  readily  supplied  from  amid. 

Onmia.  Cumae  was  an  old  Greek  settlement,  whence  the  Romans  de- 
rived their  alphabet.  It  was  a  few  miles  north  of  modern  Naples,  and  was 
at  this  time  almost  deserted,  vacuis. 

3.  Destinet.    The  subjunctive  marks  the  thought  as  that  of  Umbriciui 
(1.  21). 

Sibyllae.  The  cave  of  the  Sibyl,  which  is  still  shown,  was  near  Cumae. 
Cf.  Verg.  A  en.  VI,  18 ;  Uumaeit  Sibyl  tit.  It  was  from  her  that  Tarquin 
Was  euid  to  have  purchased  the  Sibylline  books. 

4.  Baiarnm.    Baiae  was  a  fashionable  resort  near  Cumae. 

Amoeni  seoessust  Appositional  genitive  Cf.  vrl*  Romae  and,  in  Eng- 
lish, the  city  of  London. 

5.  Proohytam.     A  rocky  desert  island  (Procida)  off  the  coast  between 
Naples  and  Cumae. 

Suburae.  The  crowded,  noisy  part  of  Rome,  between  the  Viminal  and 
Esquiline  Hills.  Juvenal  speaks  as  if  all  Rome  were  one  Subura.  For  the 
dative,  cf.  1, 18,  note. 

6.  Ut  non — credas,  negative  result  clause. 

7.  Lapsus  tectonun,    Cf.  11.  190-196.    The  buildings  at  Rome  were  often 


NOTES. 


carried  to  a  great  height,  owing  to  the  cost  of  land,  and  the  upper  stories 
were  usually  of  wood.     Tectum  (tvyo)  means  covering,  roof,  liuilding. 

8.  Saevae.     Of.  iniquae,  I.  30. 

9.  As  if  such  recitations  formed  the  climax  of  horrors.     Cf.  VIII,  221. 
The  name  of  the  month  was  changed  from  Sextilis  in  honor  of  the  emperor. 

Id  Domus — i.  e.,  his  family  and 
possessions. 

Eaeda.  A  four-wheeled  travel- 
ing-carriage. The  word  is  said  to 
be  Celtic.  Cf.  Fig.  11.  The  pres- 
ent tense  with  dum  is  regular  in 
narrative. 

Hi  Ad,  at  or  near. 

Arcus,  the  arches  of  the  aqueduct 
that  passed  over  the  porta  Capenn, 
hence  madida.  The  via  Appia 
began  at  this  gate. 

12,  Constituebat,  Constituo,  to 
mate  an  appointment,  is  used  either 
with  the  dative,  as  here,  or  with  cum  Fi<;.  11.— Itaeda. 

and  the  ablative. 

Amioae.     Egeria,  Liv.  I,  21.     For  the  case,  of.  note  on  I,  18. 

14.  Quorum  depends  on  svpellex  ;  cophinus  faemimque  are  in  the  pred- 
icate. 

16.  I.  e.,  what  was  formerly  a  holy  place  has  become  a  mere  source  of 
income.  Mercedem  pendere  =  to  pay  rent. 

16.  Gamenis,  the  Roman  national  Muses,  Eyeria,  Carmenta,  Antevorta, 
and  Postvorta. 

17.  Speluncas,  grottoes,  here  artificial. 

18.  Veris — i.  e.,  speluncis. 

20.  Ingenuum  toftam,  the  natural  stone  (tufa). 

23.  Bes,  property. 

Here,  in  the  time  of  Augustus  heri  was  the  regular  form.  Cf.  vesperi, 
vespere  ;  mani,  mane. 

Eadem  (res)  is  the  subject  of  deteret.     More  usual  is  res  deteritur. 

24.  Exiguis,  neuter  plural,  the  trifling  (remnants) ;  it  seems  to  be  dative, 
though  best  translated  from. 

25.  Eiuit  alas.     Daedalus  flew  north  from  Crete  and  alighted  at  Cumae. 
Verg.  Aen.  VI,  14  ff.     E.ruo  is  the  regular  word  for  taking  off  garments, 
the  opposite  is  induo. 

27.  Lachesi.  The  individual  duties  of  the  Fates  were  not  always  clearly 
defined.  Properly  Lachesis  decided  the  length  of  each  human  life.  Clotho 
spun  the  thread,  and  Atropos  cut  it  off. 


SATIRE  III.  123 

28.  Snbennte,  mpporting. 

29i  Artorins  et  Catnlusi    Typical  rascals ;  personally  unknown. 

31.  Quis  facile  eat  aedem  conducere,  etc.— i.  c.,  the  whole  tribe  of  con- 
tractors, meii  who  could  make  money  out  of  anything,  from  building  a 
temple  to  removing  sewage. 

Quis,  dative. 

Oonduoere  means  to  take  a  contract  for.    Cf.  note  I,  108. 
Flumina,  portua— i.  e.,  for  such  things  as  building  clams  and  dredging 
harbors. 

32.  Busta,  the  funeral  pyre.     Bu.ro  =  uro,  whence  comburo  ;  cf.  com- 
bustion.    Cremation  must  have  been  common  in  Rome  before  450  B.  c.,  for 
the  laws  of  the  Twelve  Tables  forbid  it  within  the  city. 

33i  Caput,  from  meaning  head,  comes  to  mean  body,  life,  person. 
Domina— aub  haata,    This  seems  to  refer  to  a  custom  of  fixing  a  spear 
above  the  slave  auction-block,  as  a  sign  of  conquest. 
Venale,  to  be  sold,  for  sale. 
34i  Hi,  subject  of  edunt. 

35.  Buccae  is  in  apposition  witli  hi  ;  blowers,  bawiers. 

36.  Munera,  the  public  shows.     These  were  often  provided  by  private 
citizens  as  :t  means  of  establishing  popularity.     The  person  that  provided 
for  the  expenses  was  called  editor  muneris. 

37.  Ooddnnt  (quern  vulgns,  pollice  verso,  iubet).      When  a  gladiator  was 
beaten,  the  people  called  for  his  death  verso  pollice  ;  if  they  thought  he  had 
deserved  by  his  bravery  to  have  his  life  spared,  they  gave  the  sign  presto 
pollice.     Just  what  the  two  terms  mean  is  unknown ;  pollicem  vertere  is 
usually  considered  to  be  to  turn  the  thumb  up,  but  the  whole  matter  is  in 
doubt.     The  editor  was  the  interpreter  of  public  opinion. 

Populariter,  to  please  (he  people. 

38.  Et  cnr  non  omnia? — i.  e.,  why  should  they  not  do  everything? 

40.  The  success  of  such  men  is  merely  the  sport  of  Fortune,  who  raises 
them  at  her  caprice. 

42.  Poscere,  call  for — i.  e.,  ask  to  read. 

Motus  astrorum,  etc. — i.  e.,  I  have  no  knowledge  of  fortune-tolling. 

44.  Ranarum,  etc.  Poison  was  prepared  from  the  entrails  of  a  venomous 
species  of  frog.  Cf.  I,  70. 

47.  Tamqnam  manous,  etc. — i.  e.,  ns  I  am  neither  able  nor  willing  to  help 
men  steal,  they  think  of  me  as  maimed,  a  useless  trunk  with  a  withered 
right  hand.     The  members  of  a  provincial  governor's  cohors  were  called  his 
comites. 

48.  Exstinctae  deitrae,  genitive  of  quality. 

49.  Conscius,  m-iomplice. 

50.  Aestuat.    In  classical  Latin  the  subjunctive  is  used  in  such  < 
52.  Secret!  honesti,  an  honorable  secret. 


NOTES. 


Fecit  |  fecerit  would  be  more  exact. 

63.  Veni.    Verres  is  taken  as  the  type  of  an  extortionate  governor.     He 
was  propraetor  of  Sicily  73-70  B.  c. 

Vult  j  the  subject  is  the  same  as  that  of  erit. 

54.  Tanti,  of  so  much,  value.    Probably  a  locative. 

Non,  rarely,  as  here,  used  for  ne.    Hor.  A.  P.  460. 

Opaci,  shaded. 

65.  Tagi,  the  river  Tagus  was  said  to  contain  golden  sand. 

56.  Careas,  sumas,  and  timearis,  are  subjunctives  in  clauses  of  result. 

Ponenda  =  deponenda. 

60.  Opstabit,  notice  the  form;  obstat  occurs  in  lines  164,  194,  243. 

61.  Quamvis ;  in  classical  Latin  quamquam  would  be  used. 
Quota,  how  small. 

Achaei,  predicate  nominative. 

62.  The  stream  of  Oriental  influence  has  been  flowing  into  Rome  for  a 
long  time. 


Fio.  12.— Sambnca. 


Pis.  13.— Tympanum. 


63.  Chordas  obliquas ;  the  sambuca,  a  sort  of  harp,  is  meant.     Cf.  Fig.  12. 

64,  Neo  non  =  et. 

Oentilia,  national ;  for  the  tympanum,  cf.  Fig.  13.  % 

67.  KusticuB  ille,  etc. — i.  e.,  the  old  Roman  peasant  has  degenerated  into 
a  servile  imitator  of  the  Greeks. 

Trechedipna,      The   meaning  is   uncertain,  probably  a  sort  of  Greek 
shoe. 

68.  Nioeteria,  wrestling  prizes. 

69.  Sicyone,  on  the  Gulf  of  Corinth. 
Amydone,  in  Macedonia,  on  the  river  Axius. 

70.  Trallibns  ant  Alabandis  |  these  towns  were  in  Curia. 

71.  Eaquilias,  the  Esquiline. 

Dictum  a  vimine  oollem  is,  of  course,  the  Viminal 


SATIRE   III.  125 

72.  Viscera,  the  vitals  ;  they  worm  themselves  into  positions  of  confi- 
dence, and  finally  supplant  their  masters. 

73i  Here  follows  a  description  of  Greek  character  and  attainments.  It 
is  painful  to  reflect,  in  this  connection,  that  the  Americans  have  been 
called  the  Greeks  of  modern  times,  for  the  three  characteristics  to  wljich 
Juvenal  gives  prominence  are  —  elegance  being  sacrificed  to  force  —  "  smar<- 
ness,"  "impudence,"  and  "the  gift  of  gab." 

74i  Isaeo,  a  famous  rhetorician 
whom  the  younger  Pliny  praises 
highly.  PI.  Ep.  II,  3. 

Ede,  tell. 

76.  Hominem,  character. 

76.  Aliptes,  an  anointer,  a  trainer. 

77.  Schoenobates,  funambulus  = 
a  rope-dancer.     Cf.  Fig.  14. 

Omnia  novit  Graeculus  esuriens  — 
i.  e.,  "your  Greek  can  do  anything 
to  earn  a  living." 

78.  Miseris  ;   most  editions  Iiave 


80.  Qui  sumpait  pinnas,  Daedalus.  Fl°  14.—  Funambulus. 

81.  Conchylia,  purple  cloaks,  so  luxury. 

Prior  signabit  —  i.  e.  ,  take  precedence  in  signing  wills,  etc. 

82.  Toro  meliore—  i.  e.,  a  higher  place  at  the  table. 

83.  Pruna  et  cottona  i  both  plums  and  figs  came  from  Syria. 

84.  Usque  adeo  nihil  est,  quod,  is  it  so  absolutely  nothing  that  ;  usque  adeo 
is  literally  even  vp  to  that  —  i.  e.,  to  such  a  degree. 

85.  Baca  Sabina,  the  olive. 

86.  Quid  quod,  what  of  the  fact  thatf 

88.  Invatidi  is  used  as  a  noun  atid  depends  on  folium. 
Gollum  and  cervix  are  purposely  compared. 

89.  Herculis  depends  on  cervicibus. 

Antaeum.  Hercules  overcame  him  only  by  holding  him  up  from  the 
earth,  whence  he  derived  liis  strength. 

92.  We  too  may  praise  these  same  things. 

98.  Antiochus,  etc.  The  best  actors  excite  no  wonder  in  Greece  (tf/fc), 
for  the  whole  people  is  born  to  dissimulation. 

102.  Brumae,  for  brerim-ie  ;  so,  the  shortest  day  ;  so,  winter. 

103.  Endromidem,  a  thick,  heavy  cloak.     Cf.  Osric,  in  Hamlet  V,  2. 

104.  Omni  |  Weidner  reads  omnis,  and  compares  Hor.  Odes  III,  80,  6  : 
A'on.  omnis  nmrinr. 

105.  Aliena  sumere  vultum,  etc.;  to  make  his  face  a  mirror  to  reflect  other 
men's  moods. 


126 


NOTES. 


106.  lactare  mantis — i   e.,  to  make  gestures  of  admiration. 

114.  The  meaning  seems  to  be:   Since  I  have  begun  to  talk  of  the 
Greeks,  let  me  tell  you  what  their  learning,  their  philosophy,  docs  ;  I  might 
go  into  details  about  their  schools  {gymnasia ^  but  pass  that  by  and  listen 
to  the  practical  effect  of  their  vaunted  philosophy. 

115.  Abollae.    The  abolla  was  a  cloak  much  affected  by  the  professional 
philosophers.     It  is  shown  in  Fig.  15. 

116.  Stoicusj  P.  Egnatius  Celer  accused  Barea,  his  pupil,  of  treason. 

117.  Nutritus,  educated. 

118.  Gorgonei  caballi.    Pegasus,  who  sprang  from  the  Gor- 
gon's blood,  is  said  to  have  dropped  a  feather  from  his  wing 
in  flying  over  Tarsus.    Note  that  caballus  is  the  Low-Latin 
word  whence  the  French  cheval  is  derived. 

120.  Protogenes,  etc.,  some  Greek  flatterer. 

121.  Gentis  vitio  — i.  e.,  in  accordance  with  the  selfish  practice 
of  his  race. 

122.  Solus  habet,  keeps  him  for  himself. 
Facilem,  receptive. 

125.  Minor,  of  less  account. 

lactura,  the  tossing  aside,  throwing  overboard. 

126.  Officium,  service. 

He  nobis  blandiar,  not  to  fatter  ourselves,  to  speak  the  plain  truth. 

127;  WTw.it  good  does  it  do  a  poor  man  if  he  lakes  pains  to  put  on  lis 
toga  and  hurry  of  before  daylight  to  pay  his  visit  of  ceremony  to  some  rich, 
childless  widow,  when  he  has  a  praetor  us  his  rival  ?  Legacy-hunting  be- 
came a  regular  business  during  the  empire,  and  as  such  little  attentions  as 
morning-calls  were  highly  valued,  the  legacy-hunters  made  a  point  of 
being  at  hand  as  early  as  possible. 

129.  Orbis.  Orbus  means  either  without  parents,  or,  as  here,  without 
children.  The  cognate  English  word  orphan  has  been  restricted  to  the 
former  meaning. 

137.  The  character  of  even  a  Nasica,  a  Numa,  or  a  Metellus,  would  be 
no  recommendation  nowadays.  The  first  question  would  be,  "  How  much 
is  he  worth  ? " 

Hospes  nnminis  Idaei.  When  the  statue  of  Cybele  was  to  be  brought  to 
Koine,  204  B.  c.,  the  oracle  declared  that  it  must  be  intrusted  to  the  most 
virtuous  man  in  the  state.  The  senate  awarded  the  honor  to  P.  Scipio 
Nasica,  who  thus  became  the  host  of  the  divinity. 

139.  When  the  temple  of  Vesta  was  burned,  241  B.  c.,  L.  Caecilius 
Metellus  rescued  the  palladium  of  Minerva. 

141.  Pascit  |  pascere  is  the  technical  term  for  keeping  slaves  or  cattle. 

142.  Paropside,  mde  dish,  entree. 

143.  Cf.  Hor.  Sat.  1, 1,  62. 


SATIRE    III. 


127 


FIG.  16.— Pinnirapus. 


144.  Licet,  although. 

Samothracum,  genitive.     The  Samothracian  gods  were  the  Cahiri  ;  their 
\vor>liip  was  very  mysterious. 

145.  Nostrorum  (deorum). 

146.  Dis  ignoscentibus  ipsia  j  the  very  gods  par- 
don perjury  in  a  poor  man,  for  they  know  that 
his  case  is  desperate. 

147.  Quid  quod,  cf.  1.  86. 

148.  Hie  idem,  this  same  man. 

150.  Conmto  vulnere,  ablative  absolute. 

151.  Non  una,  many  a. 

153.  Inquit  |  the  subject  is  probably  the  desig- 
nator, whose  duty  it  was  to  sec  that  the  distinction 
of  rank  was  observed. 

155.  Guius  res  legi  non  sufficit.  After  the  time 
of  Augustus,  a  fortune  of  400,000  sesterces  was 
necessary  to  entitle  one  to  equestrian  rank,  and  to ' 
a  seat  among  the  knights  in  the  theatre.  Cf.  1, 
106.  and  line  159. 

158.  Pinnirapi.    The  gladiators  had  various  modes  of  combat;  the  pin- 
nirapus  achieved  victory  when  he  seized  the  pinna  or  crest  from  his  adver- 
sary's helmet.     Cf.  Fig.  16. 

Lanistae,  a  trainer  of  gladiators.     Cf.  Fig.  17,  which  shows  the  retiariiu 
(on  the  left),  the  secutor,  and  the  lanista. 

159.  Othoui,    The  law  of  Otho  (lex  Itosc-ia),  passed  67  B.  c.,  provided 
that  the  first  fourteen  rows  of  seats  in  the  theatre  should  be  reserved  for 
the  knights. 

160,ffic,here      ASTIANAX 
at  Rome. 

Censu  minor, 
of  small  means, 
t'ensu  is  the  ab- 
lative ot  specifi- 
cation. 

161.  Sarcinu- 
lis,  dowry,  liter- 
ally baggage. 

Inpar— i.  e., 
whose  property 

is    unequal     to  p,^  i7._Retiarius,  secutor.  and  lanista. 

hers. 

162.  Aedilibus,  dative.    The  aediles  had  the  care  of  the  city,  and  often 
asked  counsel  of  private  citizens. 


128 


NOTES. 


163i  Debuerant.    Notice  the  tense. 

Olim  is  often  used  in  the  silver  age  for  iam  dudum. 

Tenues,  of  slender  fortune. 

165.  Res  angusta  domi,  a  proverbial  phrase  for  poverty. 
Ulis,  dutive. 

166.  Conatua,  the  effort. 

Magno  ( pretio),  ablative  of  price  (instrumental). 

167.  Frugi,  an   "  indeclinable  adjective,"  really  the  dative  of  frux, 
originally  used  as  predicative  dative. 

168.  Fashion  makes  simple  living  still  more  difficult.     One  is  ashamed 
of  earthenware  at  Rome,  but  in  the  country  it  is  no  disgrace. 

170.  Veneto— i.  e.,  such  as  the  Veneti  use. 
Oucullo,  hood,  cloak. 


FIG.  18. — Theatre  at  Aspendog. 

171.  The  wearing  of  so  expensive  a  garment  as  the  toga  is  only  a 
Roman  fashion. 

172.  Even  when  the  glory  of  festal  days  is  celebrated  in  the  grassy 
theatre.    The  country  theatre  was  usually  an  open  space,  where  the  au- 
dience mii'lit  find  scats  on  the  slope  of  the  hill-side. 

174.  Noturn  exodinm,  the  old  familiar  play,  given  every  year. 

176.  Formidat,  tremUet  at. 

177.  Similes  modifies  orchestram  and  yopnlum. 


SATIRE  III. 


129 


178.  Orchestram.  The  orchestra  in  the  Greek  theatre  was  the  place  occu- 
pied by  the  chorus ;  in  the  Roman  theatre,  where  there  was  no  chorus,  it  was 
devoted  to  the  seats  of  the  senators  and  men  of  highest  rank.  Cf.  Fig.  18. 

Clari  velamen  honoris,  as  the  mark  of  distinguished  honor — i.  e.,  as  the 
garb  of  their  great  office. 

180.  Hio,  here,  at  Home. 

Habitus  nitor,  the  splendor  of  dreu. 

181.  Area,  ablative  of  separation. 

184.  Cossum,  unknown. 

185.  Clause  labello—  i.  e.,  even  if  he  does  not  say  a  word  to  you. 
Veiento,  nominative.     He  was  one  of  the  delatores. 

186.  One  rich  man  celebrates  the  day  wben4ii.s  favorite  (son?)  first  shaves 
his  beard,  another  when  his  hair  is  cut ;  the  slaves  all  have  cakes  for  sale 
which  the  visitor  is  obliged  to  buy.     A  delicate  way  of  feeing  the  servants. 

187.  Accipe,  etc. ;  take  one,  since  you  must,  and  let  it  serve  as  yeast  to 
stir  your  indignation. 

188.  Praestare,  to  furnish,  pay. 

189.  Pecnlia.     A  slave  could  hold  no  property  without  the  permission 
of  his  master,  if  allowed  to  retain  his  earnings,  they  were  called  peculium. 

190.  Gelida  Praeneste,  cool  Praeneste.     It  was  about  23  miles  east  of 
Rome.    Cf.  Hor.  Od.  Ill,  4,  22. 

Rninam,  ruina  was  the  special 
term  for  the  fall  of  a  building. 

191.  Volsiniis,  in  Etruria,  about 
70  miles  from  Rome. 

192.  Simplicibus    Oabiis,      Be- 
tween Rome  and  Praeneste.     Pos- 
sibly there  is  a  reference  to  the 
simplicity  of  the  inhabitants  when 
they  were  du$ed  by  Scxtus  Tar- 
quinius.     Cf.  Livy  I,  53  f. 

Proni  Tiburis.  Tibur  was  on  a 
hill  .sloping  down  to  the  Anio,  16 
miles  from  Rome.  Horace  often 
refers  to  it. 

193.  Tenui  tibioine,  by  a  slender 
prop. 

194.  Sol,  partitive  genitive. 
196i  SecuroB— i.  e.,  not,  the  in- 
habitants. 

198.  A  description  of  such  an 

incendium.    The  name  Ucalegon  is  borrowed  from  Vergil's  account  of 
burning  of  Troy.     Acn.  II,  311. 


HU.  lit.     Aliur 


130  NOTES. 

199.  Tabulate  tertia,  the  third  story. 

TiW,  ethical  dative. 

200i  Trepidatur,  the  commotion  begins. 

203.  Godro,  unknown. 

Procula.    Probably  the  name  of  a  dwarf  well  known  at  the  time. 

204.  Abaci,  a  sort  of  marble-topped  sideboard.     Cf.  Fig.  19. 

Nee  non  et,  the  nee  non=et,  the  et  is  correlative  with  the  el  of  the  next  line. 

205.  Ohiro — i.  e.,  a  statue  of  the  centaur  Chiron. 

207.  Divina  carmina,  probably  the  poems  of  Homer. 
Opiti,  the  Greek  word  for  Osci  =  barbarians. 

208.  Hind  totnm  nihil,  all  that  nothing. 

210.  If  fire  deprives  a  poor  man  of  his  all,  none  helps  him,  he  is  left  to 
starve ;  but  if  a  rich  man's  house  burns,  every  one  is  anxious  to  help  repair 
the  loss. 

212.  Aflturioi,  unknown ;  he  is  called  Persicus  below,  line  221. 

Horrida  mater — i.  e.,  the  matrons  appear  with  disheveled  hair,  as  on 
occasions  of  public  mourning. 

213.  Pullati,  in  the  pulla  vestis,  a  dark-gray  mourning-garment. 
Vadimonia,  the  sessions  of  the  court. 

216.  Signa,  statues ;  nuda  marks  them  as  Greek. 

217.  Euphranora  et  Polyoliti  j  the  former  was  a  sculptor  at  Athens  in  the 
time  of  Alexander,  the  latter  came  from  Argos  in  the  time  of  Pericles. 

218.  Phaecariatorom  j  this  is  Roth's  reading,  adopted  by  Mayor.     The 
^atKoo-iof  was  a  white  shoe  worn  by  Greek  priests.     Here  the  epithet  is 
transferred  to  the  gods.    In  the  reading,  "  haec  Asianorum,"  haec  is  usually 
explained  as  nom.  sg.  fern.;  but  Weidner  calls  it  neut.  pi. 

219.  Mediamque  Minerram,   and  among  them    (a  statue  of}   Minerva; 
others,  less  correctly,  I  think,  take  it  to  mean  a  bust  of  Minerva. 

221.  Orborum,  cf.  note,  line  129.     His  childlessness  makes  him  the  ob- 
ject of  special  attentions. 

222.  Suspectus,  tamquam,  suspected  of,  a  common  use  of  tamguam  in  the 
silver  age. 

223.  Avelli  has  the  force  of  the  middle  voice. 

Oiroengitras.  The  public  shows  were  used  to  keep  the  lower  classes 
amused'and  contented.  Napoleon  III  tried  the  same  plan  in  Paris.  The 
most  important  of  the  Roman  games  were  the  ludi  maffni,  held  in  April. 
Cf.  X,  81. 

florae,  Fabrateriae,  Frusinone  |  these  were  small  towns  in  Latium.  Notice 
hat  the  first  two  are  locatives,  the  third  locative  ablative. 

225.  Quanti.    The  antecedent  tanti  is  omitted.     So-called  genitive  of 

ce  or  value.     Probably  a  locative  construction. 

•Tonduois,  hire.    Cf.  1, 108. 
18.  Pntensque  breris,  a  shallow  well,  needing  no  rope. 


SATIHR    III. 


131 


229.  Pythagoreia.    They  were  vegetarians,  prol>ably  owing  to  their  be- 
lief in  the  transmigration  of  souls. 

231.  It  is  something  to  tecl  that  you  actually  own  any  part  of  the  world, 
even  if  it  be  but  a  single  lizard. 

232.  Plurimus,  very  manr  a. 

Vigilando,  from  lying  awake.     Notice  the  quantity  of  the  o,  and  cf.  I,  63. 

234.  Meritoria,  lodgings. 

235.  Magnis  opibus,  ablative  of  means ;  if  one  owns  a  large  house  and 
sleeps  in  the  middle  of  it,  he  may  avoid  the  noise. 

236.  Caput  morbi,  the  source  of  disease. 

237.  Conviria  mandrae,  the  quarreling  and  mutual  abuse  of  the  drovers, 
when  there  was  a  "  block"  in  the  street. 

238.  Druso.     Tiberius   Clavdius  Drtivus  (the   Emperor  Claudius)  was 
famous  for  his  sleepiness,  as  are  the  animals  referred  to  in  vitulis  marinis. 

239.  Officium,  duty,  such  as  making  a  cull,  or  attending  a  recitation. 

240.  Super  ora— i.  e.,  above  the  heads  of  the  common  people. 
Liburno— i.  e.,  a  Liburnian  slave.    Cf.  I,  64.     This  reading  is  better  than 

liburna.    The  absence  of  the  preposition  may  be  explained,  as  in  I,  54. 

241.  Obiter,  on  the  way. 
243.  Ante,  adverb. 

245.  AsBere,  the  pole  (perhaps  of  a  litter). 

247.  Pinguia  crura  luto.     Notice  the  omission  of  the  verb ;  common  in 
Juvenal. 

248.  Digito ;  diffitut  is  used  of  either  a  finger  or  a  toe. 
Clavusj  soldiers  wore  "hob-nailed"  shoes. 

249.  The  crowd  going  to  the  sportula  adds  another  ele- 
ment of  confusion.     Above  it  is  spoken  of  as  a  sum  of 
money ;  here  it  seems  to  be  actual  food,  which  was  taken 
away  in  a  portable  kitchen  kept  warm  for  the  purpose; 
hence  fumo. 

251.  Corbulo,  unknown,  probably  some  proverbially 
strong  man ;  possibly  Nero's  famous  general,  Cn.  Domitius 
Corbulo,  whom  Tacitus  calls  corport  ingens. 

253.  CUTBU  ventilat  ignem,  fans  the  fire  by  his  running. 

254,  Ooruscat,  sways. 

257.  Baza  Ligustioa — i.  e.,  from  the  Ligurian  quarries. 

258.  Axis,  the  subject  of  procubuit,  is  drawn  into  the 
relative  clause. 

261,  More  animae,  ///•-  a  breath. 
Domns,  the  household. 
263.  Striglibug  |  the  striyilis  was  a  sort  of  flesh  scraper  used  after  the  bath. 
Onto,  oil-flask.  Dative.  Cf.  Fig.  20,  which  shows  the  oil  flask  and 
several  strigils. 


Fia.  20. 
Oil  flask  and 
strigils. 


132  NOTES. 

265.  Novicius,  a  new-comer  ;  cf.  Eng.,  novice. 

266.  Porthmea,  the  ferryman — i.  c.,  Charon. 

Nee  speratj  it'  the  body  were  unburied,  the  soul  must  wait  a  hundred 
years  on  the  bank  of  the  Styx. 

Caenosi  gurgitis—  i.  e.,  the  Styx.  Caenosus  is  also  written  cenosus  and 
coenosus. 

Alnum,  the  boat. 

267.  Trientem,  a  copper  coin,  one  third  of  an  as,  Charon's  fee,  which 
was  placed  between  the  lips  of  the  dead. 

269.  Spatium,  distance. 

270.  Fenestris.    Notice  the  (poetical)  omission  of  the  preposition  de. 
272.  Silicem,  the  pavement. 

Haberi,  to  be  held,  considered. 

274.  Intestates,  without  making  your  will. 
Adeo — i.  e.,  so  true  is  it  that  there  are. 

275.  Vigiles,  windows  where  people  are  awake. 
277.  Contentae  agrees  with  fenestrae. 

279.  Dat  poenas,  etc.,  he  pays  for  the  lack  of  his  usual  amusement  by 
suffering  such  a  night  as  Achilles  mourning  for  the  death  of  his  friend 
1'atroclus. 

281.  This  line  is  rejected  by  several  editors.    If  genuine,  it  seems  better 
to  consider  it  as  a  continuation  of  Umbricius's  speech  rather  than  an  inter- 
ruption by  Juvenal. 

282.  Inprobus,  hot-headed,  reckless. 

283.  Ooccina  laenaj  the  purple  cloak  marks  him  as  rich  and  powerful. 

285.  Flammarum,  partitive  genitive. 

286.  Deducere,  escort.     Used  of  clients  accompanying  their  patron  to  or 
from  the  forum. 

287.  Filnm,  wick. 

288.  This  description  of  the  bullying  attack  updn  an  inoffensive  stranger 
reminds  us  of  the  "  Mohawks  "  of  London  in  the  time  of  Addison. 

289.  Vapulo,  take  the  blows. 

292.  Aceto,  vinegar  and  water  was  a  common  drink  of  the  poorer  classes. 
296.  Quaaro.    Notice  the  tense,  and  cf.  Eng.,  "  When  do  you  go  away?" 
Proseucha,  a  Jewish  house  of  prayer.     Used  in  contempt. 
298.  Vadimonia  faciunt,  firing  a  complaint. 

301.  Faucis,  «  few,  some. 

Eeverti,  commonly  used  as  a  deponent  verb ;  as  usual  in  deponent  varbt; 
the  force  of  the  middle  voice  is  evident. 

302.  Metuat,  you  may  fear,  you  have  to  fear.  '    f 
Bpoliet)  subjunctive  in  a  relative  clause  of  purpose. 

303.  Derit  =  deerit.    Omnia  agrees  with  compago,  which  is  the  subject  of 
siluit. 


SATIRE  IV.  133 

305.  Agit  rem,  plies  his  trade;  subitus  contrasts  the  highwayman's 
method  with  that  of  the  thief. 

307i  The  Pontine  marshes  in  Lutium,  and  the  Gallinarian  forests  in 
Campania,  were  favorite  lurking-grounds  for  robbers,  who,  when  they  were 
driven  thence,  flocked  to  Kome,  as  if  to  "preserves"  where  game  was 
abundant. 

309.  Catenae)  some  verb,  as  conficiuntur,  is  understood.     The  regular 
order  would  be  quafornace,  qua  incude,  non  graves  catenae? 

310.  Marinus  in  vinclis,  etc. — i.  e.,  so  much  iron  is  used  to  furnish  chains. 

311.  Vomer.   Cf.  Fig.  21. 

312.  Proavorum    atavos; 
the  ascending  order  of  an- 
cestors   was    pater,    avu«, 
proavus,    aibavus,    atavus, 
tritavus. 

313.  Sub    regibus    atque 
tribunis— i.  e.,  in  regal  and 
republican  times,  before  the 
empire. 

314.  Uno,  a  single— i.e.,  FIG.  21.— Vomer. 
the  Mamertine  prison  at  the 

foot  of  the  Capitoline,  said  to  have  been  built  by  Ancus  Martius.     Jugurtha 
and  Cethcgus  were  imprisoned  there. 

315.  Poteram,  twos  able,  I  might  have. 

317.  landndum,  often  written  iam  dudum. 

318.  Adnuit,  from  meaning  to  nod,  comes  to  mean  to  give  a  sign,  to  motion. 

319.  Tuo  Aquino  i  this  is  taken  to  mean  that  Juvenal  was  born  at  Aquinum. 
Refici  depends  on  properantem. 

320.  Helvinamj  the  force  of  this  epithet  as  applied  to  Ceres  is  unknown. 
Helvia  was  the  name  of  a  Roman  gens,  by  whom  a  temple  to  Ceres  may 
have  been  built  at  Aquinum. 

321.  Converte,  call. 

Hi  pudet  illas,  units*  they  are  ashamed  of  me. 

322.  Caligatus,  with  a  countryman's  heavy  shoes,  such  as  he  would 
wear  at  Cumae. 


SATIRE  IV. 

INTRODUCTION. — (The  lines  omitted  at  the  beginning  have  no  essential 
connection  with  the  rest.) 

This  satire  describes  the  degradation  of  the  senate.  A  fisherman  catches 
a  remarkably  fine  fish,  and,  knowing  that  it  is  likely  to  be  confiscated,  makes 
a  virtue  of  necessity  and  presents  it  to  the  Emperor  Domitian.  The  em- 


134  NOTES. 

peror  summons  the  senate  from  Rome  to  his  Alban  villa  to  consult  as  to 
the  disposition  of  the  fish.  Various  senators  are  described,  and  each  sketch 
is  a  masterpiece.  The  council  is  dismissed  after  this  weighty  matter  is 
decided.  Juvenal  expresses  the  wish  that  Domitian  had  spent  all  his  time 
in  the  luxury  and  frivolity  that  this  incident  illustrates  instead  of  venting 
his  cruelty  upon  the  best  men  of  the  state. 

37.  lam  modifies  semianimum. 

Laceraret,    Domitian  was  like  a  tiger  tearing  the  half-dead  world. 

Flavins  ultimas,  the  last  of  the  Flavians  (Vespasian,  Titus,  Domitian), 
T.  Domitianus  Flavius  Nero.  From  all  accounts  he  seems  to  have  been  a 
cruel,  hypocritical,  cunning,  cowardly  scoundrel. 

38.  Calvo.    Domitian's  vanity  made  his  baldness  a  serious  grief  to  him. 

39.  Adriaci  spatiom  admirabile  rhombi.    Adriaci  is  an  adjective  modifying 
rhombi.    The  whole   expression  =  rhombus  ingens.     Cf.    Crispi   iucunda 
senectus,  \.  81 ;  Montani  venter,  1.  107. 

40.  Ancon.    Ancona  (in  Picenum)  was  settled  by  Dorians  from  Sicily. 

41.  Sinus.    The  full  expression  would  be  incidit  in  sinus  retis  eosgue 
impleoit. 

Haeserat,  had  stuck,  had  been  caught. 
Ulia,  ablative  with  the  comparative. 

42.  Maeotioa— i.  e.,  in  the  sea  of  Azov,  formerly  called  Lake  Maeotis. 

46.  Pontifici  snmmo.    All  the  emperors  had  the  title,  pontifex  maximvt. 
Proponere,  offer  for  sale. 

47.  Et,  even. 

48.  ProtinuB,  straightway. 

49.  Agerent  com  remige  nudo,  would  bring  a  charge  against  the  poverty- 
stricken  fisherman. 

61.  Vivaria,  object  of  depastnm  (=ftd  upon). 

63.  Palfiuio— Armillato.    They  seem  to  have  been  expounders  of  the  law. 
56.  Fuel.    The  Jiscus  was  the  private  treasury  of  the  emperor,  as  distin- 
guished from  the  aerarinm  or  state  treasury. 

67.  Autnmno,  ablative  absolute  with  cedente. 
Quartanam,  a  mild  form  of  fever. 

68.  Becentem,  frexh  ;  predicate  adjective. 

59.  Hie,  the  fisherman. 

Auster,  the  southwest  wind  would  spoil  the  fish. 

60.  Lacns.    There  are  two  small  lakes  at  the  foot  of  the  Alban  hills. 
Qnamquam ;  the  use  of  quamquam  without  a  finite  verb  belongs  to  the 

silver  age. 

61.  Minorem,  less  than  the  temple  of  Vesta  at  Rome ;  the  fire  upon  the 
altar  was  supposed  to  have  been  brought  by  Aeneas  from  Troy. 

63.  Valvae,  (folding)  doors. 


SATIRE   IV.  135 

65.  Atriden,  Agamemnon,  used,  of  course,  in  contempt. 
Ficens.    The  fisherman  came  from  Picenum. 

66.  Focis,  ablative.     Cf.  Ill,  203;  lectus  Procula  minor. 

Genialis,  sacred  to  your  genius.  Every  Roman  was  supposed  to  have  a 
special  guardian  divinity  called  his  genius. 

67.  Saginaej  the  meaning  is,  make  your  stomach  ready  for  the  feast. 

68.  As  if  the  Fates  had  saved  this  fish  for  this  special  time. 

70.  Surgebant  cristae,  his  crest  rose  with  pleasure  at  the  flattery. 

71.  Potestas,  abstract  for  concrete ;  cf.  Ital.  podesta,  and  the  English  use 
of  a  power  =  a  powerful  man. 

72.  Derat,  often  written  deerat. 

Patinae  mensnra — i.  e.,  a  dish  large  enough. 

76.  Abolla.    Cf.  Ill,  115 ;  j 'acinus  maioris  abollae. 

77t  Pegasus  was  a  celebrated  lawyer  of  the  time ;  he  was  a  man  of  good 
intentions,  but  weak. 

ViliouB,  steward — i.  e.,  the  praeftctus  was  only  the  emperor's  vilicus  or 
head  slave. 

78.  Alind — i.  c.,  anything  more  than  mere  stewards,  head  slaves. 

79.  Quamqnam  modifies  diris. 

81.  Criepi  incnnda  senectus.    Cf.  line  39.     Vibius  Crispus  was  an  orator, 
of. en  mentioned  by  Quintilian. 

82.  Mite  ingenium,  a  gentle  nature. 

84.  Glade  et  peste  refer  to  Domitian ;  abstract  for  concrete. 
86.  Violentius,  more  capricious. 

88.  Vere,  ablative  of  ver. 

89.  I.  e.,  never  swam  against  the  stream,  always  floated  with  the  cur- 
rent. 

90.  Civis  refers  to  Crispus. 

91.  Vitam  inpendere  vero,  to  risk  his  life  for  the  truth. 

93.  Hia  annis— i.  e.,  complaisance  and  obsequiousness. 

94.  Acilius.    M'.  Acilius  Glabrio.  father  of  the  man  of  the  same  name 
who  was  consul  91  A.  i>.     The  latter  was  murdered  by  Domitian,  95  A.  DM 
after  fighting  with  a  lion  in  the  Alban  amphitheatre.    The  Acilii  claimed 
descent  from  Aeneas. 

95.  Indigno  quern,  who  did  not  deserve  that .  .  .  him. 

96.  Olim  =  iam  dmium.     Cf.  Ill,  163. 

97.  Old  age  is  like  a  miracle  among  the  high  born — i.  e.,  one  whose  birth 
brought  him  into  contact  with  the  emperor,  found  it  difficult  to  live  in 
such  times. 

98.  Frateroulus  Gigantis — i.  e.,  one  of  no  ancestry,  sprung  from  the  earth. 
101.  Artes  patricias,  the  tricks  of  the  patricians. 

103.  Brute.  Brutus  was  said  to  have  feigned  stupidity  to  escape  Tar- 
quin's  suspicion.  Cf.  Livy  I,  56. 


136  NOTES. 

Barbato  regii    Barbers  arc  said  to  have  first  come  to  Rome  about  300  B.  o. 
Birbatus  is  used  like  intonsus  (Ilor.  Od.  II,  15,  11)  for  ancient,  simple. 

104.  Melior  vultu,  more  cheerful  (Mayor). 

105.  Bubrras.    Probably  Rubriua  Gallus,  sent  against  the  Sarmatians  by 
Vespasian.     Ileus  =  defendant. 

107.  Montani  venter,  cf.  lines  39,  81. 

108.  Crispinus,  cf.  I,  27 ;  verna  Canopi  Crispinus. 

109.  Saevior  illo,  etc.     Pompcius  is  unknown.     The  combination  ol 
severity  and  delicacy  in  this  description  has  made  it  famous. 

112.  Fuscus  perished  in  an  expedition  against  the  Dacians. 

113.  Veiento,  cf.  Ill,  185 ;  ut  te  respiciat  Veiento. 
Catullo,  one  of  Domitian's  informers. 

116.  Dims,  wretched. 

A  ponte.    The  bridges  were  favorite  places  for  beggars.     It  is  hardly 
probable  that  Veiento  had  ever  actually  been  a  bridge-beggar. 

117.  Dignus  qui  |  for  the  construction  cf.  line  95. 

Aricinos,    The  steep  hill  at  Aricia  forced  the  carriages  to  move  slowly, 
and  thus  furnished  the  beggars  an  excellent  opportunity. 

118.  Devexae,  descending— \.  e.,  going  down  the  hill. 

120.  Uli,  ethical  dative. 

121.  Sic  pugnas,  etc.     The  Cilician  gladiators  were  famous ;  ictus  means 
the  thrusts  of  the  gladiator ;  peyma  was  a  part  of  the  stage-machinery  ;  the 
velaria  were  awnings  stretched  over  the  top  of  the  theatre. 

123.  Oestro,  g<idfl>j,  so  frenzy. 

127.  Arviragna,  unknown. 

128.  Sndes,  stakes — i.  e.,  fins. 

129.  Fabricio— i.  e.,  Fabricius  Veiento.     Cf.  line  113. 

130.  Censes  ?  conciditnr  1  (is  it  to  be  cut  up  ?).    For  the  tense,  cf.  Ill,  296  ; 
in  qua  te  quaero  prosencha?     "Quidnam  igitur  censes"  was  the  usual  form 
of  a  question  put  to  the  Senate. 

132.  Orbem,  circle,  circumference. 

133.  Debetur,  we  need.     Snbitus,  speedy. 
Prometheus — i.  e.,  a  potter,  so   Vulcanus  is  used 

for  a  smith. 

134.  The  rota,  as  used  in  Egypt,  is  seen  in  Fig.  22. 

135.  Castra  seems  to  have  here  the  sense  of  court. 

136.  Vioit,  the  usual  word ;  his  proposition  was 
approved. 

138.  Pulmo  may  be  translated  blood.  Fio.  28.— Rota. 

139.  TJsns,  experience. 

140.  Tempestate,  tempestas  often  means  simply  time. 

Ciroeia  j  the  best  oysters  were  said  to  come  from  Circeii,  in  Campania,  from 
the  Lucrine  Lake  near  Baiae,  and  from  Rutupiae  (Richborough,  in  Kent). 


SATIIJK   V.  137 

142.  Deprendere,  translate,  in  discovering. 

144.  Snrgiturj  so  wo  say,  the  House  rises. 

147i  Doinitian  attempted  to  conquer  these  German  tribes,  in  84  A.  D., 
but  was  defeated ;  in  spite  of  this,  he  celebrated  a  triumph.  Cf.  Tac. 
Agric.  39. 

149.  Fraecipiti  pinna,  probably  simply  =  in  great  haste. 

151.  Qnibns,  its  antecedent  is  tempora. 

153.  Cerdonibus  is  put  for.  the  lower  classes  in  general.  The  Lamiae 
were  a  distinguished  family  of  the  Aelian  gens,  one  of  whom,  Aelius  Lamia, 
Doruitian  had  caused  to  be  put  to  death.  The  meaning  is  that,  although  lie 
murdered  noblemen  with  impunity,  he  perished  when  he  began  to  attack 
the  lower  classes. 


SATIRE  V. 

INTRODUCTION. — This  is  a  description  of  the  indignities  to  which  a  man 
that  courts  the  dinner- tables  of  the  rich  is  subjected. 

The  state  of  the  meanest  beggar  is  preferable  to  that  of  a  parasite.  In 
spite  of  your  obsequious  devotion,  your  patron  seldom  invites  you  to  din- 
ner; when  he  does,  your  dinner  and  his  are  two  quite  different  things:  he 
has  rich  old  wine  in  gemmed  goblets,  you  have  sour  grape-juice  in  cracked 
earthenware;  he  is  waited  on  by  a  graceful  slave-boy,  you  by  a  coarse, 
rough  negro ;  he  has  tine  white  bread,  that  given  you  is  hard  and  black 
with  age.  This  is  your  reward  for  braving  the  inclement  weather  to  attend 
his  morning  receptions.  So  it  is  with  the  rest  of  the  feast:  the  best  of 
everything  for  him,  the  commonest  food  for  you.  If  you  were  to  come  into 
a  fortune,  what  a  change  there  would  be !  This  is  not  economy,  but  a 
studied  purpose  to  enjoy  the  cruel  pleasure  of  your  mortification.  And, 
after  all,  you  deserve  no  better,  for  you  have  sold  your  self-respect  for  a 
dinner,  and  will  probably  come  to  be  ft  stage-buffoon,  taking  kicks  and 
cuffs  for  the  amusement  of  the  audience. 

2.  Ut— putea.    Subjunctive  clause  of  result. 
Quadra  =  mensa. 

3.  Sannentus,  a  freedman,  favorite  of  Augustus. 

4.  Caesaris — i.  e.,  Augustus. 

Gabba,  probably  the  Aulus  Oabba  mentioned  by  Quintilian. 

5.  Quamvis  modifies  iurato.    Cf.  Ill,  1. 

6.  Novi.    Notice  the  tense. 
Frugalius,  less  exacting. 

1,  Puta,  suppose. 

Quod,  its  antecedent  is  hoc  ip»um. 


138 


NOTES. 


8t  Crepido,  probably  —foot-path. 

Pons — i.  e.,  beggar's  stand.     Cf.  IV,  116;  a  ponte  satelles. 
Tegetis  pars  dimidia  brevior — i.  c.,  half  of  a  beggar's  mat. 
9.  Tantine,  etc.    Is  the  insult  of  the  dinner  worth  so  much?    Jniuria 
cenae  is  about  the  same  as  cena  iniuriosa. 


L.  m. 


L.i. 


L.s. 


Fio.  23.— Triclinium.     M.,  Mensa  ;  L.  i.,  Lectus  imus  ;  L.  m.,  Lectus  medius ; 
L.  s.,  Lectus  sumrnus. 

10.  I.  e.     Is  your  hunger  so  starving  that  it  can  endure  such  insults, 
when  it  might  shiver  and  eat  beggar's  food? 

12.  Fige,  consider. 
Discumbere  raasns,  invited  to  din- 
ner. 

13.  Mercedem  solidam,  payment  in 
full. 

14.  Inputat,  adds  to  the  account, 
credits  himself  with. 

Bex,  the  great  man,  your  patron. 
Cf.  1, 136 ;  rex  ipse  iacebit. 

17.  Fig.  23  shows  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  triclinium  or  dining- 
table.    The  culcitae  were  the  cush- 
ions, as  shown  in  Fig.  24. 

18.  Una  simus,    Cf.  the  form  of  invitation  in  Terence  Haut.  I,  1,  110 ; 
apnd  me  sis  tolo. 

19.  Habet  Trebins,  etc. — i.  e.,  such  an  invitation  is  reason  enough  for  him 
to  rouse  himself  early  and  hurry  off  without  waiting  to  lace  his  shoes,  in 
order  that  he  may  show  the  greatest  respect  by  being  early  at  the  salutatio. 

21,  Orbem,  the  round  of  visito. 


Fio  Zi. — Dinner-scene,  showing  the 
culcitae. 


SATIRE  V.  139 

22.  Sideribus  dubiis.    Dubiw  has  the  same  root  as  duo.    Cf.  twi-light. 

23.  Serraca,  the  Wain. 

24.  Quod  sncida  nolit  lana  pati  |  the  wine  is  so  bad  that  even  wool  will  not 
absorb  it.     Wool  soaked  in  wine  was  used  for  fomentations. 

25.  De  conviva  Corybanta  j  the  bad  wine  goes  to  his  head,  and  from  a 
guest  Tie  becomes  a  priest  of  Cybelf. 

28.  Que  connects  vos  and  co/wrtem. 
30.  Ipse,  the  master.     Cf.  line  14,  note. 

Oapillato  diffusum  oonsnle— i.  e.,  of  great  age.    Cf.  IV,  103;  barbato  regi. 
Vinum  is,  of  course,  understood. 
32.  Cardiaco,  dyspeptic. 

34.  Tituhun,  label. 

35.  Fuliginej  smoke  passing  through  the  storeroom  was  supposed  to 
mellow  the  wine. 

36.  Thrasea  Helvidiuojue.    Paetus  Thrasea  and  his  son-in-law,  Helvidius 
Priscus,  were  Stoics  and  Independents,  and  as  such  would  naturally  keep 
the  birthdays  of  Marcus  and  Decimus  Brutus  as  festivals.     Thrasea  was 
put  to  death  by  Nero,  Helvidius  by  Vespasian. 

38.  Heliadum  crustas.    The  daughters  of  the  Sun  weeping  for  the  death 
of  their  brother  Phaethon  were  changed  into  poplars,  and  their  tears  be- 
came amber.     Crustas  is  best  considered  —  pocula  crustata. 

39.  Virro,  the  patron. 

41.  Ungues  observet  acutos,  to  watch  your  sharp  finger-nails,  lest  you  pry 
out  some  of  the  gems. 

42.  Da  veniam  (excuse  me),  etc.     Probably  the  words  of  the  slave  to  the 
guest.     Praeclara  is  in  the  predicate. 

45.  Zelotypo,  jealous. 

luvenia— i.  e.,  Aeneas,  whom  Dido  preferred  to  larbas.  It  is  the  sub- 
ject of  solebat. 

46.  Vatinius,  a  cobbler  of  Beneventum,  had  a  very  long  nose,  whence  a 
kind  of  cup  with  four  long  spouts  was  named  for  him. 

48.  Sulpurai  old  glas^  was  exchanged  for  sulphur  matches  (cf.  Martial  I, 
42,  4);  another  explanation  is  that  the  cup  called  for  sulphur  cement  with 
its  broken  glass. 

50.  Decocta  (aqua),  water  boiled  and  then  cooled  with  snow. 

52.  Cursor  (Jaetulus,  an  African  stable-boy. 

55.  Clivosae  Latinae  (viae).     Cf.  I,  171. 

56.  Flos  Asiae — i.  e.,  a  beautiful  slave-boy. 

57.  Tulli,  Servius  Tullius. 

Census  j  censeo  =  mine,  rate,  so  censut  =  rating,  then /0r<Mn«. 

Anci,  Ancus  Mareius. 

59.  Frivola,    Cf.  Ill,  198. 

61.  Pauperibus  miscere,  to  mix  wine  for  poor  men  such  as  you. 


140 


NOTES. 


PIG.  25.— Loaves  of  bread  found  at  Pompeii. 


62.  Hie,  the  cursor,  the  black 
Ganymede  that  waits  on  you. 

67.  Cf.  Fig.  25. 

68.  Vix  fractum  —  i.  e.,  made 
from  grain  so  coarse  that  it  seems 
hardly  "cracked." 

71.  Bertram    cohibere,    etc.  — 
i.  e.,  don't  dare  to  touch  the  fine  white  bread,  the  artopta  ;  so  called  from 
the  form  or  mold  in  which  it  was  baked.     Cf.  Fig.  26. 

73.  Inprobulmn,  a  little  forward. 

74.  Vis  tu,  almost  =  an  imperative  like  "  will  you  ? " 
in  such  expressions  as  "  Will  you  let  that  alone  ? " 

77.  Cuonni — i.  e.,  to  make  my  early  morning  calls. 

78.  Cum,  conjunction. 

81.  Squilla,  lobster.    Cf.  Fig.  27. 

83.  Excels!,  tall. 

84  f.  A  crab  hedged  in  with  half  an  egg  is  placed  before  you.  A  funereal 
dinner  in  a  very  small  dish. 

87.  Olebit  lanternam,  etc.  The  patron  has  the  best  oil,  that  of  Venafrum  ; 
yours  will  have  an  odor  of  the  lamp,  since  it  is  the  poorer  sort  that  comes 
from  Africa ;  such  oil  as  makes  men  decline  to  bathe  with  Boccar  when  he 
has  rubbed  himself  with  it,  such  oil  as  frightens  off  the  very  reptiles. 


PIG.  26.— Bread- 
molds  (artoptae). 


FIG.  27.— Table  delicacies,  from  Pompeiian  frescoes. 


93.  Tauromenitanae  rapes,  on  the  eastern  coast  of  Sicily. 
Peractum  est,  has  been  ransacked. 

95.  Macello,  the  general  market,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Via  Sacra. 

96.  Proxima,  the  nearest  seas. 

97.  So  the  provinces  furnish  our  kitchens. 

98.  Laenas  sends  dainties  to  Aurelia,  and  she  sells  them. 


SATIRE  V.  141 

101.  In  carcere.    Cf.  Vergil's  account  of  the  winds  imprisoned  by  Aeolus. 
Aisn.  I,  51  ff. 

102.  Mediam  Charybdim— i.  e.,  the  most  dangerous  places. 

104.  Glacie  aspersus  macnlis,  fro*t-bitten. 
Tiberinus  (lupnn), 

a  pike  from  the  Tiber. 

105.  Vernula.    Cf. 
1,26;  X,  117;  XIV, 
169. 

106.  Gryptam   Su- 
burae,  a  branch  of  the 
cloaca   maxima,   the 
opening  of  which  is 
seen  in  Fig.  28.     Cf. 
Ill,  5,  note. 

107.  Ipsi,  the  mas- 
ter, as  in  line  30.  Plo  38.— Month  of  the  cloaca  maxima. 

Velim  (dicere). 

109.  Seneca,  the  philosopher,  was  very  rich  and  very  liberal ;  he  was 
put  to  death  by  Nero  on  a  charge  of  conspiracy,  really  for  the  sake  of  his 
property. 

Piso.  Calpurnius  Piso  was  at  the  head  of  the  conspiracy  for  alleged 
complicity  in  which  Seneca  was  killed. 

Bonus  here  =  generous.     Ootta  is  not  certainly  identified. 

114.  Anseris  iecur,  ufoie  gras." 

115.  Altilis,  from  alo,  used  for  anything  fattened,  here  probably  a  capon. 
Meleagri,  for  Meleager  and  the  Calydonian  boar-hunt,  of.  Ovid.,  Meta. 

VIII,  270. 

117.  Tonitrua.    Truffles  were  supposed  to  grow  best  in  the  season  of 
thunder-storms. 

118.  Keep  your  grain,  unyoke  your  oxen,  but  send  us  truffles — i.  e.,  we 
will  do  without  the  necessities  of  life  if  we  may  have  the  luxuries. 

120,  Struotorem  (same  root  as  struo).    Properly  the  person  that  arranged 
the  table,  here  the  carver. 

121,  Chirononmnta  is  the  Greek  participle  \tipovoit.o\>vra.  =  gesticulating. 

122.  Dictata  magistri)  there  were  schools  where  the  art  of  carving  was 
taught. 

123.  Of  course,  it  makes  a  great  difference  with  what  motions  hares  and 
chickens  are  carved. 

125.  Duceris  planta,  dragged  out  by  the  heels. 
Oaous,    Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  VIII,  264  ff;  Livy  I,  7. 

126.  Ponere,  not  infinitive,  notice  the  quantity. 
Quid-  hisoere  =  to  open  your  mouth. 


142  NOTES. 

127.  Tamquara  habeas  tria  nomina.  Free  Roman  citizens  had  praenomen, 
nomen,  cognomen. 

Propinat,  drink  to  you. 

130.  Regi.    Cf.  line  H,  note. 

131.  Pertusa  laena,  ablative  of  characteristic. 

132.  Quadringenta  (sestertia),  cf.  Ill,  155,  note. 

133.  Homuncio,  nominative. 
136,  Ultras,  the  loin. 
Praestat,  he  (the  master)  offers. 

139.  A  parody  on  Verg.  Aeu.  IV,  328,  329,  *'  Si  quis  mihi  parvolus  aula 
luderet  Aeneas?"1 

141.  The  meaning  of  this  passage  is  doubtful.  The  best  sense  seems  to  be 
made  by  taking  Mycale  to  mean  the  man's  wife.  "  If  you  come  into  a  fortune 
you  will  be  treated  with  great  respect,  but  you  must  take  care  that  there  be  no 
children  to  inherit  it.  else  you  will  lose  the  great  man's  favor ;  now  your  wife 
may  have  as  many  children  as  may  be,  and  he  will  be  amused  by  them." 
The  attention  supposed  to  be  paid  to  the  children  seems  out  of  keeping  with 
the  previous  description  of  a  poor  man's  treatment,  but  I  see  no  better  ex- 
planation. Weidner  reads  sua  in  liue  141,  and  explains  parasitus  as  coaxing. 

146.  Vilibus  amiciB,  poor  friends. 
Ancipites  fungi,  dubious  mushrooms. 

147.  Boletus,  a  choice  sort  of  edible  fungus. 
Quales — i.  e.,  boiftos. 

Claudius  was  poisoned  by  means  of  a  boletus  medicatus  (ilium  uxoris)  by 
his  wife  Agrippina,  with  the  aid  of  Lucusta.  Cf.  I,  71,  note. 

150.  Poma,  the  regular  last  course  at  the  cena.     Cf.  Hor.  Sat.  I,  3,  6, 
ab  ono  usque  ad  mala. 

151.  Fhaeacum.    The  Phaeacians.     The  garden  of  their  king  Alcinous 
is  described,  Horn.  Od.  VII. 

152.  Bororibus  Afris.  The  Hesperides,  who 
cared  for  the  golden  apples. 

153.  Another    difficult    passage.      The 
meaning  seems  to  be,  "You  will   have  a 
wretched  specimen  of  an  apple,  such  as  the 
monkey  is   fed  with,    when    the    soldiers 

amuse  themselves  by  teaching  him  to  ride  „      2n_f. 

a  goat  and  throw  a  spear." 

Aggere  seems  to  refer  to  the  wall  of  Servius  Tullius,  just  within  which 
was  the  Praetorian  camp. 

157.  He  does  this,  not  from  parsimony,  but  because  he  enjoys  your  em- 
barrassing position. 

162.  Culinae.  Fig.  29  represents  the  kitchen  in  the  house  of  fbnsa  at 
Pompeii. 


SATIRE  VII. 


143 


163.  Blum,     Virro. 

164.  Etruscnm  anrum— i.  c.,  the  bulla,  the  sign  of  free 
birth  :  with  the  rich,  it  was  a  circular  plate  of  gold  worn 
about  the  neck  ;  with  the  poor,  it  seems  to  have  been  of 
leather.     Cf.  Fig.  30,  which  shows  a  Roman  Hchool-boy 
wearing  the  bulla. 

Puero,  as  a  boy. 

168i  Inde,  and  therefore. 

169.  Omnes,  all  of  you. 

Stricto  pane  j  a  play  on  the  phrase  stricto  gladio,  with 
drawn  sword.     Cf.  ense  stricto,  I,  165. 

170.  After  all,  it  is  your  own  fault,  and  doubtless       pj0   gg  _BOT 
some  day  we  shall  see  you  taking  the  part  of  the  sim-    wearing  the  bulla. 
pleton  on  the  stage. 


SATIRE  VII. 

INTRODUCTION. — The  Emperor  is  the  poet's  only  friend.  If  you  look 
elsewhere  for  patronage,  you  may  as  well  burn  your  poems ;  the  rich  will 
praise  you,  but  let  you  reach  old  age  in  poverty.  The  rich  man  is  a  poet 
himself,  and  thinks  he  does  enough  for  you  if  he  lends  you  a  room  for  your 
recitations,  letting  you  pay  for  hiring  the  chairs.  And  yet  it  is  hard  to 
break  one's  self  of  the  habit  of  writing.  The  true  poet  should,  like  Horace 
and  Vergil,  be  free  from  petty  anxieties.  The  comic  actor  is  the  l>est 
patron  in  these  days,  and  if  you  want  to  succeed  you  must  write  down  to 
his  taste.  The  writing  of  history  is  hardly  more  profitable,  and  the  lawyers 
are  not  in  much  better  case.  Great  pleaders,  to  be  sure,  receive  largo  ti •< •.-, 
but  the  majority  bankrupt  themselves  in  trying  to  keep  up  the  dignity  of 
their  position.  The  rhetorician  works  hard  for  his  money,  and  then  very 
likely  has  to  sue  for  it;  while  such  triflers  as  music-masters  reap  large 
fortunes.  Quintilian  is  an  exception,  to  be  sure,  but  his  was  a  case  of  rare 
good  luck.  Schoolmasters  are  quite  as  badly  off.  They  are  expected  to 
know  everything,  and  to  make  all  their  pupils  both  wise  and  good;  then 
for  a  year's  work  they  receive  the  fee  of  a  single  victory  in  the  circus. 

1.  Caesare,  the  Emperor,  probably  Hadriun,  possibly  Trajan. 

2.  Camenas.    Cf.  Ill,  16,  note. 

3.  Bespexit  |  respicio  often  has  the  idea  of  looking  on  with  favor;  of. 
regard. 

4.  Qabiia.    Cf.  Ill,  192,  note. 

7.  Atria  (auctionaria),  auction-roomt. 

Clio,  properly  the  Muse  of  History,  here  used  for  any  of  the  Muses,  and 
so  for  the  poet. 

.  A 


144  NOTES. 

8.  Pieria  umbra.    The  grove  of  the  Muses  lay  on  Mount  Ilelicon,  in 
Boeotia,  between  the  fountains  Aganippe  and  Ilippocroue. 

9.  Machaerae,  unknown ;  some  auctioneer  of  tlie  day. 

10.  Gommissa  auctio.    Tlie  simplest  explanation  seems  to  be  that  com- 
missa  auctio  =  audio  bonorum  commissorum—'i.  e.,  goods  intrusted  to  the 
auctioneer. 

12,  Nothing  is  known  of  these  works!  The  names  may  stand  for  any 
poor  productions. 

15.  Quamqnam  (hoc}  faciant.    Many  editors  consider  this  line  spurious, 
because  Asiani  would  include  Cappadoces  and  Bithyni,  and  because  the 
first  syllabic  of  Bithyni  is  elsewhere  long.     Proper  names,  however,  are 
not  always  used  with  exactness. 

16.  Altera  Gallia — i.  e.,  Galatia.    These  "  knights"  are  slaves  who  have 
made  fortunes  in  Rome. 

Undo  talo.    Cf.  note  I,  111. 

Traducit  j  most  editors  take  this  to  mean  exposes  (J"or  sale).  I  think  it 
means  sends  over  (to  v»). 

19.  Eloquium  vocale,  melodious  words. 

Laurumque  mcmordit,  has  tasted.  Probably  with  reference  to  the  chewing 
of  laurel-leaves  by  the  priestess  of  Apollo,  at  Delphi. 

20.  Circumspicit,  etc. ;  the  subject  of  the  verbs  is  duds  indulgentia. 

22.  Qua  aliunde,  anywhere  else. 

23.  Oroceae  tabellae.     The  yellow-stained  cover.     The  sheets  (membrana) 
were  sometimes  inclosed  in  boards,  much  after  the  style  of  modern  binding. 

Membrana,  nom.  pi.  neut.  instead  of  the  usual  fern,  form  membranae. 

24.  Lignorum,  partitive  genitive. 

25.  Veneris  marito — i.  e.,  Vulcan,  the  god  of  fire. 

Telesine  stands  for  any  author.  The  name  occurs  in  inscriptions,  and  is 
used  by  Martial. 

26.  Clude.    Juvenal  uses  both  forms  of  this  word,  cludo  and  claudo — 
e.  g.,  clausam,  I,  124;  cluderet^  III,  19. 

Tinea  pertnnde,  bore  through  with  the  book-worm — i.  e.,  let  the  book- 
worm destroy. 

27.  Calamum.     Cf.  Fig.  31. 

Yigilata  proelia — i.  e.,  descriptions  of  battles,  which  you  have  sat  up  late 
to  write. 

28.  Cella,  "  den." 

29.  Venias  =  prodeas. 

Imagine  macra,  the  bust  would  be  lean  as  representing  a  poorly  fed  poet. 

32,  Tit  pueri  lunonis  avem  (kiudant). 

Bed  deflnit  aetas,  etc.  Meanwhile  your  time  of  active  life  is  passing  away, 
and  your  eloquent  but  empty-handed  old  age  is  disgusted  with  itself  and 
its  art. 


SATIRE  VIL 


145 


38  ff.  The  patron,  for  whoso  sake  you  desert  the  temple  of  fame,  makes 
verses  himself  and  yields  the  palm  to  Homer  only  because  of  his  antiquity. 
If  you  want  a  chance  to  recite  your  poems,  he  offers  you  a  long-unused 
apartment,  and  sends  his  frecdmen  as  an  audience ;  but  for  pay  I — he  will 
not  spend  enough  to  hire  the  benches. 

Artes,  schemes. 

Ne  quid— oonferat  depends  on/acit  and  the  following  verbs. 


abed  e 

FIG.  31.— Writing  materials,  a.  Various  forms  of  the  stylus  ;  6.  Instrument  for 
smoothing  tne  wax  of  the  tablet ;  c.  Tablets  ;  d.  Ink  stand  and  calamus  ;  e. 
Papyrus-roll. 

40,  Macnlosas,  dirty.     Maculosai  is  the  reading  of  Heinrich,  adopted  by 
Macleane  and  Mayor.    The  MSS.  have  Maculonus  or  Macvlonie,  which 
must  be  explained  as  the  name  of  the  patron. 

41,  Longe  =  diu. 

Ferrata,  locked — i.  e.,  unused. 
Doraus  (as  aede*  above)  =  room. 

42,  Sollicitas  portas,  the  anxious  gates  (of  a  city  in  time  of  siege). 

45,  Quanti,  so-called  genitive  of  price,  probably  locative. 

46,  Raised  seats  resting  OH  hired  beams. 

47,  And  the  orchestra  set  out  with  hired  chairs.     The  room  is  arrayed 
like  a  theatre;  the  orchestra  space  in  front,  then  the  common  benches 
(subsellia),  then  the  raised  seats.     All  this  furnishing  must  be  provided  by 
the  poor  poet  himself. 

48  f,  But  we  keep  at  it,  plowing  the  sand,  wasting  our  labor. 

Sterili  may  be  used  with  aratro  bv  hypallage,  or  it  may  mean  unprofitable. 

52.  Scribendi  oacoethes.     The  expression  has  become  proverbial. 
63-59.  The  principal  idea  is  contained  in  the  words  animus  anzietate 

carens  vatem  egreginm  faoit, 

53.  Publica  vena,  cf.  Eng.,  the  popular  vein. 

54.  Expositum,  well  known,  commonplace. 

55.  Communi  moneta,  with  the  common  stamp.     Of.  Hor.  A.  P.  69,  signa- 
tum  praesente  nota  prodttcere  nomen. 

56.  Qualem  nequeo,  etc. ;  I  can  point  you  to  uo  example ;  1  only  ted  what 
such  a  poet  is. 


146 


NOTES. 


Fiq.  32.— Figure  bear- 
ing the  thyrsus. 


58.  Inpatiens,  not  suffering,  so  free  from. 

69.  Aonidnm.    The  Muses  were  called  Aohides  from  Aonia,  the  ancient 
name  of  Boeotia. 

60.  Thyrsum.    The  staff  of  Bacchus,  the  symbol 
of  poetic  inspiration.     Cf.  Fig.  32. 

61.  Quo.    Its  antecedent  is  aeris,  and  it  is  in  the 
ablative  with  eget. 

62.  The  allusion   seems  to  be  to  Horace's  lyric 
poems  ("Euhoe"  may  imply  this),  for  when  he  wrote 
satires  he  was  poor  enough. 

64.  DomMs  Cirrhae  Nysaeque — i.  e.,  Apollo  and 
Bacchus.    Cirrha  was  on  the  Corinthian  Gulf.     The 
location  of  Nysa  is  uncertain ;  it  was  connected  with 
the  early  worship  of  Bacchus.     Note  the  absence  of 
the  preposition. 

65.  Peotora  is  the  subject  of  vacant  and  feruntur. 

66.  Lodice,  a  blanket. 

67.  Attonitae,  perplexed,  worried,  agrees  with  mentis. 

68.  Alecto,  urged  on  by  Juno,  roused  Turnus,  the  Rutulian  king,  to 
jealousy  when  Latinus  gave  his  daughter  Lavinia  to  Aeneas.     Cf.  Verg 
Aen.  VII,  420  ff;  Livy  I,  2. 

69.  Puer,  a  slave  ;  so  wals,  garfon,  and  boy. 
Desaet  =  deesset.     Cf.  derit,  III,  303  ;  derat,  IV,  72. 

70.  Caderent,    Not  "  imperfect  for  pluperfect,"   but  imperfect,  because 
Juvenal  thinks  of  the  poem,  and  BO  of  Vergil  himself,  as  existing  at  hk 
own  time. 

71  £  We  expect  a  poet,  whose  Atreus  has 
driven  him  to  the  pawn-broker,  to  vie  with 
the  ancients.  Our  rich  men  have  no  money 
for  literature,  but  plenty  for  other  things. 

72.  Rubrenus  Lappa,  unknown. 

Cothnrno  |  the  cothurnus  was  a  boot  worn 
by  tragic  actors,  as  shown  in  Fig.  38. 

79.  Lucanus.     M.  Annaeus  I/ucaniis  (born 
39  A.  i). ),  author  of  the  historical  poem  Phar- 
salia.    He  was  very  rich,  and  could  therefore 
afford  to  be  "  contentusfamn." 

80.  Serrano,  Atiliu-  Serranus,  whose  debts 
Martini  speaks  of,  IV,  37,  2. 

Tenni  here  seems  to  mean  poor  ;  cf.  et  in  tenui  re,  Hor.  Epist.  I,  20,  20. 
Saleio,  Kaleius  Batsus.     Ct.  Quint.  X,  1,  90.     Little  is  known  of  him. 

81.  Wfuit  will  fume,  however  great,  be  ij  it  is  onlyjame? 

82.  Amicae,  welcome. 


FIG.  33.— Actore  wearing  the 
cothurnus. 


SATIRE  vn.  147 

83.  Statins.  P.  I'apinius  Statius  was  the  court  poet  of  Domitian.  His 
Thehnix  was  evidently  popular. 

86.  Fregit  subsellia,  hronglU,  down  the  home;  for  equally  strong  explo- 
sions, cf.  convulx'i  mnrmorn  and  ruptae  columiiae,  I,  1'J,  13. 

87.  Intactam  Agaven.    Agave  was  the  name  of  a  play  ;  intactam  probably 
means  before  it  was  acted  by  any  one  else.     Paris  was  a  favorite  actor  in 
the  time  of  Domitian. 

88.  Die,  Paris.    Et  seems  to  mean  even. 

89.  Semestri  auro,  the  gold  (ring)  which  was  the  badge  of  a  six-months' 
office,  and  the  sign  of  equestrian  rank. 

90  f.  Actors,  imperial  favorites,  are  the  generous  givers  of  our  time : 
what  is  the  use  of  courting  men  of  rank  i 
92.  Pelopea,  Philomela,  names  of  plays. 

94.  Maecenas,  friend  ot  Augustus,  patron  of  Horace. 
Proculeius,  proverbial  for  generosity.     Hor.  Od.  II,  2,  5. 

95.  Fabius  and  Cotta  were  patrons  of  Ovid. 

Lentnlus  was  instrumental  in  Cicero's  recall  from  exile. 

97.  Pallere,  etc. — i.  e.,  to  be  pale  and  abstemious  was  profitable  then. 

Toto  Decembri.    December  was  the  "  season  "  in  Rome. 

100.  Modo,  limit. 

101.  Mnlta  agrees  with  papyro. 
Damnosa,  costly. 

104.  Acta  legenti.    The  acta  were  daily  records  of  matters  of  interest, 
like  our  newspapers. 

105.  Genus  ignavum— i.  e.,  historians  are  lazy  fellows. 

106.  The  lawyers  fare  no  better. 

107.  Fasce,  bundle. 
Libelli,  documents. 

108  ff.  The  lawyer  makes  a  great  noise  (about  his  income)  if  one  of  his 
own  creditors  is  listening  to  him,  or  if  a  client  comes  to  consult  him  about 
a  bad  debt.  Thus  seems  to  me  the  simplest  explanation.  Others  think 
magna  sonant  refers  to  his  efforts  in  the  court-room. 

109.  Tetigit  latns,  nudges  Mm. 
Bio — i.  e.,  creditore. 

110.  Nomen,  debt. 

111.  Oavi  folles— i.  e.,  his  cheeks. 

112.  Conspuitnr  sums.    There  are  two  explanations  given.    He  talks  BO 
energetically  that  he  foams  at  the  mouth,  and  the  folds  of  his  toga  suffer 
for  it;  or  he  lies  so  abominably  that  he  spits  (three  times),  to  avert  the 
wrath  of  the  gods.    I  think  the  former  is  preferable. 

Veram  deprendere  messem,  etc.  If  you  want  to  know  what  the  real  harvest 
of  their  labors  is,  put  the  income  of  a  hundred  lawyers  on  one  side  and  the 
pay  of  a  single  charioteer  on  the  other.  So  in  our  times  the  income  of  a 


148  NOTES. 

favorite  base-ball  player  might  be  compared  with  that  of  several  literary 
men,  without  exciting  the  envy  of  the  former. 

114.  Russati.  The  charioteers  were  divided  into  four  guilds,  alba,  rus- 
sata,  reneta, prasina  (or  viridis),  white,  red,  blue,  green.   Cf.  note  XI,  198, 
and  see  the  excellent  description  of  a  chariot-race  in  Wallace's  '  'Ben  Hur. " 
For  the  costume  of  the  auriga,  cf.  page  54. 

Lacernae.     Proper  name. 

115.  Ovid,  Meta.  XIII,  1,  describes  the  contest  between  Ajax  and 
Ulysses  for  the  arms  of  Achilles. 

116.  Bubulco  iudice,  with  some  stupid  countryman  for  judge. 

118.  Scalarum  gloria.  The  poor  lawyer,  living  in  an  attic,  adorned  the 
staircase. 

120.  Pelamydum  (genitive  plural),  a  kind  of  cheap  fish. 
Epimenia,  rations. 

121.  Tiber!  de  vectum.     The  better  wines,  on  the  contrary,  would  be 
brought  up  the  Tiber. 

122.  Egisti,  pleaded. 

123.  Pragmaticorum.     The  pragmatici  were  consulting  attorneys,  as 
distinguished  from  the  causidici  or  pleaders. 

124.  Real  merit  has  little  to  do  with  a  lawyer's  fees ;  the  one  that  makes 
the  greatest  show  gains  the  most. 

Et,  and  yet. 

127.  Bellatore,  war-horse. 

Minatur,  threatens  the  spear  —  i.  e.,  threatens  with  the  spear.  Cf.  "he 
threatens  fight"  or  "threatens  a  blow." 

128.  Lusca,  with  one  eye  shut.     Not  a  dignified  position ;  but  Juvenal  is 
not  concerned  with  the  man's  dignity,  but  with  his  absurd  vanity  and 
ostentation. 

129.  Pedo,  Matho,  and  Tongilius,  imitate  this  extravagance  and  become 
bankrupt. 

Conturbat  (rationes),  becomes  bankrupt. 

130.  Rhinocerote,  a  rhinoceros-horn  for  an  oil-flask. 
182.  luvenes  Maedos  —  L  e.,  his  litter-bearers. 

133.  Murrina  (msa). 

134.  Spondet  —  i.  e. ,  gives  him  credit. 
Tyrio  filo,  ablative  of  characteristic. 

Stlataria.  Stlata  is  said  to  be  an  early  form  of  lota  (as  stlocus  of  locus), 
and  to  mean  a  broad  ship,  hence  stlataria  is  supposed  to  mean  impwted; 
others  translate  deceptive,  taking  stlata  as  a  pirate-ship. 

135.  Vendit,  makes  a  market  for. 

136.  Amethystina  (vcstimenta). 

137.  Strepitu  and  facie  are  ablatives  of  manner  ;  the  preposition  cum  is 
not  used,  because  the  genitive  maior  is  census  takes  the  place  of  an  adjective. 


SATIRE  VII.  149 

138.  The  extravagance  of  Rome  makes  it  impossible  to  call  a  halt. 

139i  EloquiOt  Notice  that  fidere  and  conjidere  arc  used  both  with  the 
dative  and  with  the  ablative,  which  IB  explained  us  either  ablative  of  source 
(real  ablative)  or  locative  ablative. 

143.  Gonducta  Sardonyche  =  with  a  hired  seal-ring. 
Paulas,  Gallus,  and  Basilus,  all  poor  lawyers. 

144.  Pluris — i.  e.,  for  a  larger  fee. 

148.  Gaul  and  Africa,  where  eloquence  is  well  paid,  are  the  places  for 
you  if  you  want  to  earn  wealth  with  your  tongue. 

150.  Vetti,    Vettius  was  a  well-known  teacher  of  rhetoric. 

151.  Classis,  class. 

154i  Crambe,  cabbage.  It  is  the  same  warmed-over  cabbage  that  wears 
out  the  teacher's  nerves.  Cf.  the  Greek  proverb,  «U  *paf»0>»  Oavarot. 

155.  Quis  color,  etc.  They  want  to  know  all  about  rhetoric,  but  not  to 
pay  for  it. 

158.  AppeUas,  cnllfor,  demand. 

Culpa  docentis,  etc.     This  is  the  ironical  answer  of  the  teacher. 

159.  Laevae  parte  mamillae  (parte  =  a  parte).    The  heart  was  often  con- 
sidered as  the  seat  of  intelligence. 

161.  Hannibal  was  a  favorite  subject  for  school  declamations.  Cf.  X, 
166:  "/  denuns,  et  saevas  curre  per  Alpet,  ut  pueris  pUtceits  et  declama- 
cio  fiat*?"1 

165.  Ask  what  you  choose  and  take  it,  that  his  father  (you)  may  have 
to  listen  to  his  declamations  as  often  as  I  have. 

Quod  do,  for  I  (will)  give  it  (gladly). 

167.  Sophiatae,  another  name  for  teachers  of  rhetoric.     They  throw  up 
their  teaching  in  disgust  and  go  to  practicing  luw  ;  but  it  is  only  a  jump 
from  the  frying-pan  into  the  fire. 

168.  Eaptore  relioto — i.  c.,  they  leave  the  subjects  of  fictitious  declama- 
tions. 

171.  Bndem,  Gladiators  on  retiring  from  the  arena  after  long  service 
received  the  rudis  as  a  token  of  honorable  dismissal.  Cf.  Ilor.  Epist.  I, 
1,  2,  donatum  iam  rude. 

174.  Summula,  etc.     The  tesserae  frtimenti  were  about  equivalent  to  the 
soup-tickets  which  are  sometimes  distributed  gratuitously  in  modern  times. 
Juvenal  means  that  the  teacher  might  as  well  go  to  the  poor-house  at  once. 

Venit,  from  veneo. 

175.  Tempta,  examine,  consider. 

176.  Chrysogonns  mul  Polio  were  music  teachers. 

177.  Artem,  text-book. 

Scindes,  you  will  tear  up.    The  MSS.  have  scindens.     Maclcanc,  who 
retains  it,  says  it  means  "  cutting  up,"  and  so  "  deriding." 
Theodori,  a  rhetorician. 


150  NOTES. 

178.  The  rich  man  (dominus)  is  niggardly  in  his  son's  education,  that 
he  may  furnish  himself  with  all  luxuries. 
183i  Algentem — i.  e.,  the  ivinter  sun. 

184.  Quanticumque  domus,  however  costly  the  house. 

185.  Conditi  the  change  to  the  indicative  (if  the  reading  be  correct)  is 
rather  unusual. 

188!  "How  does  Quintilian  come  to  be  rich  if,  as  you  say,  rhetoricians 
are  so  ill  paid  ? "  "  Quintilian,"  Juvenal  answers,  "  is  a  favorite  of  fort- 
une ;  when  a  man  is  born  under  a  lucky  star,  all  rules  yield." 

189.  Novoram,  strange,  unusual. 

192.  One  of  the  badges  of  senatorial  rank  is  referred  to. 

194.  Si  =  etsi.    Weidner  has  ni. 

199.  Ventidius.    P.  Ventidius  Bassus,  consul  43  B.  c.,  had  been  carried 
as  captive  in  a  triumph  by  the  father  of  Pompey  the  Great. 

Tullius.  Scrvius  Tullius,  one  of  the  legendary  kings  of  Borne,  was  said 
to  have  been  born  of  a  slave  mother. 

200.  Sidus,  the  stars. 

203.  Cathedrae— i.  e.,  the  professor's  chair.    Cf.  the  phrase  ex  cathedra. 

204.  Thrasymachi,    The  Scholiast  says  he  hanged  himself. 

Second!  Carrinatis.  Secundus  Carrinas  was  banished  by  Caligula.  He  is 
s.ad  to  have  poisoned  himself  at  Athens. 

205.  Huno,    Socrates. 

207  f.  Terrain,  orooos,  and  ver  are  the  objects  of  some  verb,  such  as  date 
understood.  The  letters  S.  T.  T.  L.,  sometimes  found  on  tombs,  are  for 
sit  tibi  terra  lewis. 

210  ff,  Metnens  virgae,  etc.  (For  the  genitive,  cf.  metuensque  flagelli,  V, 
154.)  Achilles  was  submissive  to  his  tutor  Chiron,  the  centaur,  and  did 
not  even  make  fun  of  the  horse's  tail. 

214.  Diiit.    Subject  is  iuventus.     His  pupils  beat  him,  even  though  they 
recognized  his  ability  by  calling  him  the  "  AUobrogian   Cicero."     This 
seems  better  than  reading  qui  for  quern. 

215.  Celadi,  Palaemonis ;  grammarians. 

218.  Discipuli  oustos— i.  e.,  the  paedagogus,  the  slave  that  was  put  in 
charge  of  the  boy. 

Acoononoetns  =  a.Ko<.vov6rrro?  =  unfeeling,  selfish. 

219.  Qni  dispensat.    The  dispensator  was  the  agent  or  steward.    Cf.  I,  91. 
221.  Like  a  petty  tradesman,  who  must  pay  a  commission  to  the  agent 

in  order  to  secure  the  master's  custom. 

222  f.  Mediae— sedisti.    This  clause  is  the  subject  ofpereat. 

224.  Deducere,  to  card. 

225-227.  Provided  you  gain  something  for  having  endured  the  smoky 
lamps  that  blacken  the  pages  of  the  text- books  in  the  school-room. 

227.  FlaccuB— 5.  e.,  Horace. 


SATIRE   VIII.  151 

Maronl — i.  e.,  Vergil. 

228.  Small  as  the  fee  is,  one  usually  has  to  sue  for  it. 

229.  Vos— i.  e.,  the  parents. 

230.  I.  e.,  that  he  make  no  mistakes  in  syntax. 

233.  Phoebi  balnea)  the  scholiast  says  these  were  private  baths. 

235.  Anchemoli.    Mentioned  by  Vergil,  Aen.  X,  389. 

Acestes.    Vergil,  Aen.  1, 195. 

Annis  j  the  ablative  is  very  often  used  by  writers  of  this  period  to  ex- 
press duration — i.  e.,  time  within  which. 

237.  Ducat,  model. 

239.  Coetus,  the  company — i.  c.,  the  scholars. 

242.  "  When  pay-day  comes,  I  will  give  you  as  much  as  a  successful 
gladiator  or  charioteer  gains."  Cf.  Note  XI,  198. 


SATIRE  VIII. 

INTRODUCTION. — The  general  subject  is  false  pride  of  ancestry.  What 
is  the  advantage  of  a  noble  name  if  you  disgrace  it  by  your  vices?  The 
only  real  nobility  is  that  of  virtue.  Rubellius  Blandus  will  find  that,  while 
he  is  boasting  of  his  rank,  the  plebeians  are  becoming  the  orators  and  gen- 
erals of  the  State.  The  pedigree  of  a  horse  will  not  save  the  animal  from 
the  treadmill.  Do  you,  Ponticus,  depend  upon  yourself,  perform  your  own 
duty.  If  you  are  the  governor  of  a  province,  spare  your  subjects.  Men  of 
noble  names  have  been  condemned  for  extortion,  and  yet  what  does  the 
province  gain  if  the  next  governor  takes  what  his  predecessor  leaves  ?  Con- 
sider what  the  provinces  were  and  what  they  are. 

It  is  not  even  safe  to  plunder  warlike  Spain  and  Africa  as  effeminate 
Greece  has  been  plundered. 

If,  then,  you  rule  your  province  righteously,  you  will  be  an  honor  to 
your  noble  ancestors,  as,  on  the  other  hand,  cruelty  and  dishonesty  are 
less  excusable  in  one  nobly  born. 

The  degenerate  Lateranus  has  become  a  frequenter  of  cook-shops,  and 
the  companion  of  men  of  the  lowest  sort;  Damasippus  has  gone  on  tin- 
comic  stage,  and  Gracchus  has  disgraced  himself  by  appearing  as  a 
gladiator. 

If  the  people  could  speak,  would  they  not  prefer  a  Seneca  to  a  Nero? 
Catiline  and  Cethegus,  nobles  by  birth,  were  traitor*  to  Rome ;  Cicero,  a 
novus  homo,  was  its  preserver.  So,  too,  Marius  and  the  Deoii  deserved 
well  of  the  State ;  and  the  treachery  of  Brutus  was  defeated  by  a  slave.  Go 
back  to  the  earliest  days,  and  you  will  find  that  we  are  all  descended  from 
shepherds  or  less  creditable  ancestors. 


152 


NOTES. 


li  Stemmata,  The  stemma  was  the  collection  of  ancestor  -  portraits 
(imagines)  with  the  accompanying  inscriptions  (lituli),  connected  by  lines 
showing  the  relationship. 

6.  Generis  tabula,  family  roll. 

lactare,  to  boast  of,  followed  by  the  accusative  (Corvinum).  Cf.  Hor. 
Odes,  I,  14,  13,  lactes  et  genus  et  nomen. 

7.  Mnlta  contingere  virga  may  mean  to  trace  through  many  a  branch. 
Others  take  virga  to  mean  broom  ;  others  wand,  used  in  pointing  out  the 
famous  names  on  the  stemma ;  others  make  it  =  fasces.     The  genuineness 
of  the  line  is  very  doubtful. 

8.  Fumosos.    The  imagines  were  in  the  atrium,  where  the 
focus  stood.    Cf.  Fig.  36. 

9.  Gonun  Lepidis—  i.  e.,  under  the  very  eyes  of  one's  great 
ancestors. 

Quo  =  quam  ad  rem. 

11.  Ante  Numantinos,    The  idea  is  the  same  as  in  coram 
Lepidis  above.    The  name  Humantinus  was  given  to  Scipio 
Atricanus  the  younger  after  the  capture  of  Numantia.    The  plural  is  used 
to  make  the  reference  general. 

13.  Allobrogicis.    Q.  Fabius  Maximus  Aemilianus  defeated  the  Allobrogea 
121  B.  c.    The  ara  magna  (maxima)  in  the  Forum  Boarium  was  said  to 
have  been  dedicated  to  Hercules  by  Evander.     Cf.  Livy,  I,  7. 

14.  Herculeo  lare.    The  Fabii  traced  descent  from  Hercules. 

15.  Euganea.    The  wool  of  Venetia,  in  which  district  the  Euganei  lived, 
was  famous.     Cf.  Livy,  I,  1. 


Fie.  35.— Ground-iilnn  of  the  so-culled  "  House  of  Pansa,"  at  Pompeii.  1.  En- 
traiice-liall  :  2.  Atrium  ;  .'j.  Itnpluviilin  :  4.  Tabllnum  ;  5.  Passage;  6.  Biblio- 
theca ;  7.  Peri»tyliuin ;  8.  Piscina ;  9.  Oecus ;  10.  Passage ;  11.  Hortos. 


SATIRR    V11I. 


153 


16.  Oatinensi.    f'atina  was  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Aetna.    The  Romans 
used  pumice-stone  in  their  elaborate  toilets. 

17.  Traducit,  disgraces.     For  the  change  uf  meaning,  cf.  Kng.  traduce. 

18.  Frangenda  imagine.    The  statues  of  great  criminals  were  publicly  de- 
stroyed.    Cf.  X,  58,  Descendant  statiiac  resteiaque  sequuntur. 

19.  Oeraej  the  wax  masks  of  ancestors.     Cf.  Fig.  34. 

20.  Atria  |  the  atrium  was  the  principal  room  iu  the  Roman  house.    Cfc 
Figs.  35  and  36. 

Sola  atque  unica,  cf.  Hor.  Epist.  I,  fi,  1,  una  solaque. 
22,  Hos  (as  Uli  in  the  next  h'ne)  refers  to  mores. 


FIG.  36.— Atrium. 

23.  Te  console — i.  e.,  when  your  time  of  power  cornea. 
Virgas  =  fasces. 

24.  Mihi  debes— i.  e.,  I  have  a  right  to  demand  from  you. 
Haberi,  to  be  considered,  held. 

26.  Agnosco  procerem,  (then)  I  recognize  the  nobleman — i.  e.,  I  acknowledge 
your  nobility. 

27  ff.  Qnocnrnqne,  etc. — i.  e.,  wherever  you  come  from,  you  are  a  fortunate 
acquisition,  and  your  rejoicing  country  rn<t>/  well  cry  out,  "Eureka  /"  a*  do 
the  Egyptiiins  when  they  discover  Osiris. 

To  the  Romans  Osiris  was  the  same  as  Apis.  When  the  bull  Apit, 
whose  body  the  god  was  supposed  to  inhabit,  died,  the  Kiryptians  made 


154:  NOTES. 

great  efforts  to  find  the  new  creature  to  which  the  divinity  had  fled,  and 
when  their  search  was  rewarded  great  rejoicings  took  place. 

31.  Et  connects  indignus  and  insignia. 

32,  Nanurn,  dwarf.     As  men  give  names  in  mockery,  be  careful  lest 
your  conduct  be  so  inconsistent  with  your  great  name  that  men  will  call 
you  Creticus  or  Camcrinus  only  in  derision. 

38.  Sic,    Macleane  has  «*«,  and  says,  "  It  does  not  require  much  taste 
to  see  that  Juvenal  did  not  write  sic."    Sic  is  the  suggestion  of  Junius, 
and  is  adopted  by  Jahn,  Ribbeck,  Weidner,  and  Mayor. 

39.  Rubelli  Blande,    C.  Rubellius  Blandus  was  descended  from  the  im- 
perial family,  through  Julia,  a  granddaughter  of  Tiberius.      Tiberius's 
brother,  as  well  as  his  son,  was  named  Drusus. 

42.  Ut— concipereti     Subjunctive  in  a  clauae  of  result.     The  subject  of 
tlie  verb  is  ea,  understood  as  the  antecedent  of  quae. 

43.  Conducta,  hired.    Cf.  Ill,  225,  tenebr as— conducts. 
Aggere,  the  wall  of  Servius  Tullius.     Cf.  Livy  I,  44;    Sat. 

V,  153. 

46.  Cecropides— i.  e.,  a  descendant  of  Cecrops,  the  (mythical) 
founder  of  Athens. 

47.  Qniritem,  the  distinctive  name  of  a  Roman  citizen.     Prob- 
ably used  here  to  emphasize  the  contrast  with  Cecropides. 

53.  Truncoque  Hermae.  The  Hermae  were  statues  in  which 
only  the  head,  and  sometimes  the  bust,  was  modeled,  all  the 
rest  being  left  as  a  plain  block.  Cf.  Fig.  37. 

55.  Imago — i.  e.,  your  only  advantage  is  that  you  are  a  living 
blockhead. 

58.  Facili — i.  e.,  an  easy  winner. 
Palma,  hand. 

59.  Ferret,  grows  warm — i.  e.,  by  the  exertion  of  applauding.     Hermes. 

61.  In  aequore,  on  the  plain. 

62.  Venale  pecus,  (mere)  market  cattle. 

Coryphaei  et  Hirpini,   famous   race -horses.    The  genitives  depend  on 
posteritas. 

Posteritaa  is  in  apposition  with  pecus. 

66.  Epiraedia.    Probably  heavy  carts  are  meant. 

67.  Cf.  Fig.  88. 

68.  Primum  is  the  reading  of  the  MSS.     Privum,  a  conjecture  adopted 
by  several  editors  =  proprivm,  your  own. 

69.  Titnlia.    Of.  note,  line  1. 

71.  Invenem.    Cf.  line  39. 

72.  Plenumqne  Herone  propinquo,  full  of  his  relative,  Nero — i.  e.,  puffed 
up  by  his  relationship  to  Nero. 

73.  Benana  oommunis,  not  common  sense,  but  savoir  faire,  a  sense  of  the 


SATIRE   V1I1. 


155 


fitness  of  things.      Cf.  Hor.  Sat.  I,  3,  66,   Communl  sentu  plant  caret. 
Possibly,  as  Weidner  suggests,  the  sente  of  equality  in  the  IState. 

74,  Censeri  laude,  for  the  construction,  cf.  line  2. 

75.  Pontice.    Cf.  line  1. 

Noluerim ;  the  perfect  subjunctive  is  often  used  to  express  a  thing 
modestly  and  cautiously. 

Futurae  laudis.  The  use  of  the  "  genitive  of  quality  "  was  gradually 
more  and  more  extended. 

78.  Palmes,  etc.    Vines  were  trained  on  elm-trees. 


Fio.  38.— Roman  mill. 


Viduas.    Cf.  Horace's  use  of  caelebs  with  platanut.    Odes  II,  15,  4. 
79.  Tutor,  guardian. 

81.  Phalaria.    The  tyrant  of  Agrigentum  and  his  brazen  bull  had  become 
proverbial.     Cf.  Grote,  History  of  Greece,  V,  274. 

Licet,  although. 

82.  Falsus  has  two  meanings:  active,  deceitful,  and  passive,  deceived; 
cf.  caecus  =  blind  and  dark.     Blind  itself  has  also  a  passive  sense,  as  in 
the  phrase  a  blind  alley ;  cf.  Milton,  In  the  blind  mazes  of  thit  tangUd 
wood. 

83.  Pndori,  honor. 

85,  Dignns  morte  perit— i.  e.,  the  man  that  deserves  to  die  is,  to  all  in- 
tents and  purposes,  dead.     Perit  is  the  perfect  tense. 

86.  Gaurana,     Mount  Gaums  was  near  the  Lucrine  Lake.    Cf.  IV,  141. 


156 


NOTES. 


Oosmi,    Cosmus  was  a  famous  perfumer  at  Rome.    Aheno  is  the  copper 
(kettle)  in  which  he  prepared  his  perfumes. 
88.  Irae,  dative. 

90.  Vacuis  mednllis,  ablative  of  quality. 

91.  Eespice,  consider.    Cf.  Ill,  268,  Eespice  .  .  . 
pericula. 

Curia,  the  Roman  Senate. 

92.  Maneant,  aivait. 

93.  Et  Capito  et  Numitor.    Capito  was  governor 
of  Cilicia  in  56  A.  D.    Numitor  is  unknown. 

94.  Piratae,  in  apposition  with  Capito  and  J$u- 
mitor. 

Bed  quid  damnatio  confert? — i.  e.,  what  good  does 
it  do  the  plundered  provincials  ?    Cf.  I,  47  ff. 

95.  "  Look   up   an    auctioneer  for   your  rags, 
Chaerippus."   Chaerippus  represents  the  inhabitants 
of  the  province. 

96.  Pansa— Natta.    Fictitious  (?)  names  for  pro- 
vincial governors. 

97.  Keep  quiet  and  make  the  best  of  it ;  don't 
spend  what  little  you  have  left  in  paying  your 
passage  -  money  (naulon)  to  Rome,  to   bring  suit 
against  your  despoiler. 

99 1  Damnorum,  losses. 

101.  Chlamys,    a     loose     garment,    shown     in  FIG.  39.— Statue  of  Pho- 
Fijr.  39. 

Conchylia  Goa. 
especially  fine. 

102.  Parrhasii.    A  famous  Greek  painter,  who  lived  about  400  B.  o. 
Myronis.     The  celebrated  sculptor,  born  about  500  B.  c. 

103.  Phidiacum,    Phidias  (about  490-430  B.  c.),  the  greatest  sculptor  of 
Greece.    Among  his  works  were  the  sculptures  of  the  Parthenon  (cf.  Fig. 
40),  the  ivory  and  gold  statue  of  Jupiter,  at  Olympia,  and  that  of  Athena  in 
the  Parthenon. 

Polyclitd.    Cf.  ITT,  217. 

104.  Labor.    Cf.  Eng.  work. 

Earae,  etc.  Mentor  was  the  most  famous  silversmith  of  antiquity.  For 
the  use  of  the  artist's  name  instead  of  his  work,  cf.  "a  Ifaphael." 

105.  Dolabella.    Province-plundering  seems  to  have  been  the  business 
of  the  family.     Three  of  them  were  accused  of  such  extortions. 

Antonius.  Two  member*  of  thin  family  had  unenviable  reputations;  C. 
Antonius,  who  plundered  Macedonia  59  B.  c.,  and  his  brother,  who  did  the 
;»mc  for  Sicily. 


The  purple  stuffs  of  Cos  were 


kion    wearing 

cliianiys. 


the 


SATIRK   VIII. 


157 


106.  Venes.    The  infamous  governor  of  Sicily  (73-  70  B.  o.),  whom  Cicero 
prosecuted. 

107.  Plures,  etc.  — i.  e.,  tliey  gained  more  l>y  stealing  in  time  of  peace  than 
by  capture  in  time  of  war. 


Flo.  40.— View  of  the  Parthenon. 

112.  Nam  snnt  haec  maxima,  In  olden  times  the  provinces  were  rich, 
and  the  Romans  stole  from  them  valuable  works  of  art,  etc.;  now  they  t.tke 
whatever  they  can  find. 

Despicias  tu,  etc.  You  may  well  despise  the  effeminate  Greeks,  but  look 
out  for  Spain  and  Gaul. 

114.  Resinata.    Resin  was  used  for  smoothing  the  skin. 

116.  Axis,  sky,  region,  land. 

117.  Latus,  coast. 

118.  Saturant,  furnish  corn  to,  "provision."    He  means  the  Africans. 
Cf.  V,  118,  note. 

Circo  scaenaeque,  dative  with  vacantem.  Vacant  means  haring  leisure 
for,  then  given  tip  to,  devoted  to.  For  the  thought,  cf.  Ill,  223,  ti  potts 
avelli  circenxibiis. 

120.  Discinxerit,  stripped,  stole  their  very  girdles. 

123.  The  scutum  was  a  large  oblong  shield,  while  the  clipeus  (buckler) 
was  round.  The  former  is  seen  in  Fig.  41. 

125.  Sententia,  opinion. 

128.  Acersecomes,  a  long-haired,  young  favorite. 

129.  Conveutus.     Each  province  was  divided  into  judicial  districts,  in 
each  of  which  some  town  was  selected  where  the  governor  held  court. 
Both  the  districts  and  the  meetings  were  called  conrentus. 


158 


NOTES. 


130.  Raptura — i.  e.,  coniunx. 

Celaeno,  another  Celaeno.     Celaeno  was  one  of  the  harpies. 

131.  Tu  licet,  you  may. 

Pico.    Picus,  a  son  of  Saturnus;  was  one  of  the  early  mythical  kings  of 
Italy. 

132.  Omnem  Titanida  pngnam,  the  whole  battle  array  of  the  Titans.    The 
Titans  were  sons  of  Earth ;  ancestry  could  hardly  be  traced  further  back. 
Prometheus  was  one  of  the  Titans,  and  sometimes  represented  as  the 
creator  of  man. 

135,  Quod  si,  but  if. 
Praecipitem— i.  e.,  te. 
137.  Hebetes,  blunted,  by  use. 
139.  Claramque  facem  praeferre,  to  shed  a  bright 
light  upon. 

141.  Habetur,  is  held,  considered. 

142.  Quo  mini  te — i.  e.,  iactat. 

143.  Quae  fecit  avns,  which  your  ancestor  built. 

145.  Santonico.    The  Santones  were  a  Gallic 
tribe  noted  for  their  woolen  manufactures. 

146.  Praeter,  etc. — i.  e.,  on  the  roads  lined 
with  tombs  leading  out  of  Borne.    Cf.  I,  171. 

147.  Lateranus.  A  Lateranus  was  consul  94  A.  D. 

148.  Snfflamine,  drag-chain. 

149.  Testes,  nominative. 

161.  Clara  luce,  in  broad  daylight. 

152.  Trepidabit,  shun. 

153.  He  shows  no  respect  for  age,  but  salutes  his  aged  friend  with  the 
professional  coachman's  turn  ot'the  whip. 

154.  Tliis  whole  passage  refers  to  the  vulgarity  of  men  of  birth  and 
position  becoming  mere  horse-jockeys  and  grooms.- 

155.  Lanatas — i.  e.,  ores. 
Robum  =  robnrtum. 

156.  lurat,  swearf  by. 

157.  Eponam.     Epona  was  the  goddess  of  horses. 

Fades,  etc. — i.  e.,  pictures  of  Epona  and  kindred  subjects. 

Olida,  rank. 

Praesepia.     Cf.  I,  59,  c?/»  lona  donavit  praesepibus. 

158.  Pervigiles.    Cf.  Ill,  275,  cigilts  fenestrae. 
Instaurare,  to  frequent. 

159.  Syrophoenix,  the  host. 

160.  This  line  is  rejected  by  many  editors,     fdumaeae  portae  has  re- 
ceived no  satisfactory  explanation.     It  may  refer  to  a  gate  in  that  quarter 
of  Rome  where  such  taverns  were  plentiful. 


FIG.  41. — Fijrare  bearing 
the  scutum. 


SATIRE   VIII.  159 

162.  Oyanis  is  the  hostess. 

Succincta.    Cf.  Hor.  Sat.  II,  6,  107,  tuccinctus  cursitat  hospeg. 

168.  Thermarum  oalioes,  hot  drinks  of  wine  and  water  are  probably 
meant. 

InBoriptaque  lintea  seems  to  refer  to  the  curtains  hanging  in  front  of  the 
taverns,  with  signs  upon  them. 

170  fc  Praestare  Neronem  securum,  to  protect  the  Emperor  —  i.  e.,  his 
country. 

171.  Ostia,  accusative  plural.  Ostia  was  the  point  of  embarkation  for 
foreign  service. 

Caesar  refers  to  the  Emperor. 

173.  Percussore,  cut-throat. 

175.  Fabros  sandapilarum,  makers  of  cheap  coffins. 

176.  Oessantia,  silent,  no  longer  in  me. 

Galli.  The  Galli  or  priests  of  Cybele  were  not  noted  for  temper- 
ance. 

180.  A  slave  that  did  such  things  would  be  sent  to  work  in  the  Lucaniau 
fields  (agros  is  to  be  supplied),  or  put  into  the  Etruscan  chain-gang. 

181.  Troingenae.    Cf.  I,  100,  ipsos  Troiugenas. 

182.  Cerdoni.    Cf.  IV,  153,  postquam  cerdonibus  esse  timendus  coeperat. 
Voleaoa.    The  reference  is  probably  to  Volesus  Valerius,  founder  of  the 

Valerian  gens. 

186.  Sipario,  the  curtain  before  the  stage  in  the  theatre. 

Phasma  Catulli  refers  to  "  The  Ghost,"  a  mimus  (farce),  of  Catullus  (who 
should  not  be  confused  with  the  famous  lyric  poet  of  that  name). 

187.  Lanreolum,  the  name  of  one  of  the  mimit  in  which  the  hero,  also 
called  Laureolus,  was  crucified. 

189.  Frons,  shameless  ness. 
Durior,  translate  greater. 

190.  Triaourria,  tri-  intensifies  the  meaning. 

191i  Planipedes  \  the  actors  in  the  mimi  usually  appeared  without  either 
the  cothurnus  of  tragedy  or  the  soccitg  of  comedy. 

192.  Mamercornm  alapas,  mimic  blows  received  by  the  Mamerci. 

Funera,  probably  refers  to  "  moral  death."  Ribbeck  reads  munera  = 
services. 

194.  This  verse  is  probably  spurious.    OeW  must  refer  to  the  exalted 
seat  of  the  praetor  at  the  games. 

195.  Gladios,   death.      Gladios  and  pulpita  are  the  subjects  of  poni. 
Others  read  pone,  making  pulpita  its  object 

196.  Quid  =  utrum. 

Ut  sit,  a  clause  of  result.  Juvenal  in  almost  as  severe  on  the  amateur 
actor  us  on  the  amateur  horse-jockey. 

197.  Zelotypus,  the  jealous  hutband;  Btupidi,  tht  clown. 


J60 


NOTES. 


198,  Citharoedo  principe,  as  Nero  was.     If  the  prince  plays  the  lute,  the 
noble  will  play  the  clown.     For  the  cithara,  cf.  Fig.  42. 


Fio.  43.— Various  forms  of  tin1  cithara. 

Mimns,  an  actor  of  this  sort  is  represented  in  Fig.  43. 

199.  Lucius — i.  e.,  the  gladiatorial  games.     Even  here  the  degenerate 
noble  (Gracchus)  chooses  the  most  disgraceful  form  of  gladiatorial  equip- 
ment, for  lie  fights  not  with  the  arms  of  the  mur- 
millo,  nor  with  the  shield,  nor  with  the  scimiter, 
but  as  a  retiarius,  armed  with  a  trident  and  a  net, 
lightly  clothed,  without  a  helmet,  and  thus  easily 
recognized.    The  murmillo  is  probably  represented 
upon  the  sepulchral  monument  in  Fig.  41 ;  for  the 
retiarius  and  secutor,  cf.  Fig.  17. 

202.  Tli is  line  is  rejected  by  several  editors. 

203.  Oalea.    The  form  of  helmet  used  by  the 
gladiators  is  seen  in  Fig.  44. 

205.  Effmlit,  cast.  The  retiarius  gathered  the 
net  in  his  hand  and  attempted  to  throw  it  so  as  to 
entangle  his  opponent. 

207  f.  Credamus  tnnicae,  etc.,  we  must  believe  his 
tunic  when,  gold-embroidered,  it  stretches  out  from 
his  neck  and  the  gold  cord  flutters  from  his  tall  cap.     This  was  the  costume 
of  the  Sulii,  priests  of  Mars.     For  the  galenis,  cf.  Fig.  45. 

212.  Seneca,  the  philosopher,  was  Nero's  tutor,  and  was  murdered  by 
the  order  of  his  former  pupil. 

213.  Supplicio,  dative  with  pnrari. 

214.  Simla — serpens — culleua.     A  parricide  was  punished  by  being  put 
into  a  sack  with  a  dog,  a  snake,  a  cock,  nnd  an  ape,  and  then  cast  into 
the  sea. 

218.  Ant.    The  negative  idea  is  carried  over  from  nee. 
Spartan!  ooniugii.     Orestes  married  Ilerrnione,  daughter  of  Menelaus 
and  Helen. 


Fio.  43.— Mimus. 


SATIRE   VIII. 


161 


220i  Nero's  worst  crimes  were  his  artistic  ones.  For  the  intentional 
anti-climax,  cf.  Ill,  7-9. 

221.  Troica.    Nero  wrote  verses  on  the  Trojan  war. 

Quid  enim,  etc.  For  what  that  Nero  did  was  more  deserving  of  punish- 
ment at  the  hands  of  his  enemies  ? 


FIG.  44.— Gladiators'  armor. 

Verginins  (  Rufus)  took  up  arms  against  Nero  in  Germany,  (Juliut)  Vindex 
in  Gaul,  and  (iHervint)  Galba  in  Spain. 

223.  Cruda,  brutal. 

224.  Generosi, 

225.  Peregrina  ad  pulpita,    Suetonius  says  that 
aj'i'carcil  as     contestant  in  the  iraiut's  in  Greece. 

226.  Prostitui.    The  Latin  passive  sometimes  has  tins 

force  of  the  Greek  middle.  Fie.  45.— Oalcrus. 


162 


NOTES. 


FIG.  46.—  Dolabra. 


Apinm,  parsley. 

227.  Let  him  lay  all  these  trophies  of  his  disgraceful  victories  at  the 
feet  of  the  statues  of  his  ancestors. 

228  f.  Domiti.    Nero  was  the  son  of  Cn.  Domitius  Alienobarbus. 
Thyestes,  Antigone,  and  Melanippa  were  tragic  parts  played  by  Nero. 
229.  Syrma,  the  trailing  robe  worn  by  actors  in  tragedy. 
23L  Cf.  line  237,  note. 

234.  Ut,  as  if  you  were. 
Bracatorum  =  Gallorum. 

235,  Tnnioa  molesta.     Cf.  I,  155,  note. 

237.  Novus  Arpinas, Cicero,  the  novas  homo,  who  saved  the  State,  is  con- 
trasted with  the  men  of  old  family,  who  sought  to  destroy  it. 
240  f.  Tantum — nominis,  such  glory. 

241.  Leuoade  refers  to  the  battle  of  Actium  as  Thessaliae  campis  to  the 
battle  of  Philippi. 

242.  Abstnlit,  bore  off,  gained. 

243.  Caedibus  depends  on  udo. 
OUadio  is  ablative  of  instrument. 
Bed— libera — i.  e.,  Rome  was  free 

when  she  gave  the  title  to  Cicero. 
245.  Arpinas  alias,  C.  Marius. 

247.  Frangebat  vertice  vitem,  he  broke  with  his  head  the  centurion's  rod, 
which  seems  to  have  been  freely  used  to  punish  the  common  soldiers — i.  e., 
he  served  as  a  soldier,  and  had  the  rod  broken  over  his  head  if  he  was  slow 
at  his  work. 

248.  The  dolabra  is  shown  in  Fig.  46. 

252.  Qni.    Its  antecedent  is  corvi,  the  subject  of  volabant. 

253.  Nobilis  collega,  Catulut. 

254.  Deciorum,     P.  Decius  Mus  gavex  his  life  for  his  country  in  the  battle 
against  the  Latins,  340  B.  c. ;  cf.  Livy  VIII,  9 ;  his  son,  of  the  same  name, 
followed  his  example  in  the  battle  of  Sentinum.     Cf.  Livy  X,  28. 

258,  Finns,  of  more  value — i.  e.,  to  the  gods;  so  their  sacrifice  of  their 
lives  saved  the  State. 

259.  Ancilla  natus— i.  e.,  Servius  TulUus.    Cf.  VTI, 
199,  note. 

Trabeam,  the  royal  robe,  a  toga  ornamented  with 
horizontal  purple  stripes. 

Diadema.     Fig.  47  shows  the  form  of  the  diadema. 

281.  Prodita  clanstra— i.  e.,  the  bolts  that  they  had 
betrayed. 

Laxabant,  imperfect  of  "attempted  action." 

262.  Invenes— i.  e.,  the  sons  of  Brutus,  who  aided 
in  the  recall  of  the  Tarquins.  FIG.  47.— Diadema. 


SATIRE  X.  163 

264.  Quod.     Its  antecedent  is  illiquid. 

Cum  Coclite  Mucius.  llnrntius  Code*  defended  the  bridge  against  Por- 
BeniKi,  ct.  Livy  II,  10.  Mucius  Scaeeoki  burned  off  his  hand  when  arrested 
for  an  attempt  to  kill  the  same  king. 

Qnae—  natavit.  Cloelia  escaped  from  Porsenna  and  swum  the  Tiber  to 
Rome. 

265.  Fines,  in  apposition  with  Tiberinum  (flumeri). 

266  ff.  I.  e.,  Vindicius,  the  slave  that  discovered  the  plot  of  the  sons  of 
Brutus  to  the  senators,  deserved  to  be  mourned  as  Brutus  was,  while  these 
degenerate  sons  of  Brutus  deserved  the  punishment  that  they  received. 

268.  Adficiunt.    Its  subjects  arc  verbera  and  securis. 

Legom  prima  securis.  Their  execution  was  the  first  after  the  establish- 
ment of  laws — i.  e.,  of  the  republic. 

269.  Tberaites  was  a  cowardly  boaster  in  the  Greek  army  before  Troy. 
Cf.  II,  H,  212  ff.     lie  was  killed  by  Achilles. 

270^  Aeacidae,  Achilles,  grandson  of  Aeacus. 

272.  Ut,  although. 

273.  Asylo,     Romulus  was  said  to  have  obtained  his  citizens  by  opening 
an  asylum  for  criminals.    Cf.  Livy  I,  8. 


SATIRE  X. 

ON   THE    VANITY    OF    HUMAN   WISHES. 

INTRODUCTION. — How  few  know  what  real  good  is ;  how  many  strive  for 
that  which  serves  only  to  injure  them  !  Eloquence,  strength,  wealth,  all  have 
their  victims.  What  wonder  that  Democritus  laughed  and  Heraclitus  wept 
at  the  folly  of  men?  But  the  folly  of  those  times  i.s  far  exceeded  in  our 
own. 

Power  brings  envy  and  ill-will ;  Sejanus  was  second  to  the  Emperor 
alone ;  in  his  fall  he  was  hated  ami  despised.  Would  you  not  rather  be  a 
humble  magistrate  in  some  country  town  than  have  Sejanus's  power  and 
fate?  Crassus,  Pompey,  Caesar,  all  illustrate  the  same  thing. 

Eloquence  is  fatal  too.  Cicero's  Philippics  brought  upon  him  Antony's 
vengeance.  Demosthenes  at  the  forge  was  safe ;  danger  and  death  came 
when  he  had  learned  to  sway  the  people  at  his  will. 

Military  glory  is  both  delusive  and  destructive.  Hannibal  died  in 
poverty  and  exile ;  Alexander  found  room  for  all  his  greatness  in  a  coffin ; 
Xerxes  suffered  ignominious  defeat. 

Men  pray  for  length  of  days,  forgetful  of  the  infirmities  and  sorrows 
that  attend  it.  Nestor's  long  life  brought  grief,  and  Peleus  lived  to  mourn 
Achilles.  Had  IVuun  died  before  old  age,  lie  might  have  U-eii  spared 


1 64  NOTES. 

humiliation  and  disgrace.     Hecuba  lived  longer  still,  and  met  a  still  worse 
fate.    Look,  too,  at  M it hri dates,  Croesus,  Marius,  Pompey. 

Since,  then,  human  wishes  are  vain,  leave  your  happiness  in  the  hands 
of  the  gods,  whose  care  it  is.  If  you  must  offer  prayers,  pray  for  a  sound 
mind  in  a  sound  body  ;  for  the  spirit  of  peace  that  only  virtue  can  give. 

1.  Gadibus.    Cadiz  was  the  western  boundary  of  the  world  to  the  ancients. 

2,  Auroram  et  Gangen.     Usque  without  ad  is  not  usual  except  with  names 
of  towns. 

3.  Ms,  dative. 

Eemota  erroria  nebula— i.  e.,  to  remove  the  mist  of  error  and — 

4,  Batione,  ablative  of  manner. 

7.  Domos,  families. 

8.  Toga — militia,  in  peace  and  war. 

10.  Hlet    I  think  Macleane  is  right  in  referring  this  to  the  soldier,  and 
not,  as  most  commentators  do,  to  Milo  of  Croton,  who  tried  to  rend  a  tree- 
trunk,  but  was  held  fast  and  devoured  by  wolves. 

11.  Periit.    The  i  in  the  final  syllable  is  long. 

13.  Cuncta  patrimonia,  object  of  exuperans. 

14.  Quanto — i.  e.,  tanto — quanta. 

16.  Longinum.    Gaius  Cassius  Longinus  was  a  famous  jurist,  consul,  and 
praetor,  who  was  banished  by   Nero.     Lougiuum  =  domum  Longini,  so 
Cererem  for  aedem  Cereris. 

Praedivitis  Senecae,     Cf.  V,  109,  note ;  VIII,  212. 

17.  Lateranorum  ;  1'lautius  Lateranus  was  accused  of  participation  in  the 
conspiracy  of  Piso. 

18.  Cenacula,  garrets. 

19.  Licet,  although. 
Pnri,  rimple. 

21.  Ad  lunam,  ///  the  moonlight. 

22.  VacnuB,  empty-handed. 

24.  Maxima,  etc.  The  bankers  (argentarii)  had  their  offices  in  the 
Forum.  The  positions  of  the  most  important  buildings  are  shown  in  Fig. 
48.  The  heavy  black  linee  mark  existing  ruins. 

26.  Fictilibus.    Cf.  Ill,  168,  ficlilibus  cenare  pudet. 

Pocnla  gemmata.     Cf.  V,  43,  gemma*  adpocnla  transfert. 

28.  lamne  igitur  laudaa  =  quod  cum  ita  sit,  certe  iam  kiudabis. 

Alter,  Democritut. 

30.  Anctor)  Heraclitut,  of  Ephesus,  about  500  B.  c.,  who  was  called  both 
the  weeping  and  the  obscure  philosopher. 

34.  Democritus,  of  Abdera,  460-567  B.  c. 

Quamquam  with  the  subjunctive  is  usual  in  the  silver  age. 

TJrbibus  illis,  etc. — i.  e.,  in  the  cities  of  his  time  and  country  there  was 


1H5 


PIG.  48.— Roman  Fonun.  (The  plan  is  intended  to  ffive  an  idea  of  the  Forum 
during  the  early  empire.)  A.  Forum  proper;  ».  Temple  of  Cam  or  and 
Pollux  ;  C,  Baallica  Iiiliu  :  I).  Temple  of  Siitiirn  ;  K.  Portims  of  tin-  I>ei  Con- 
sented ;  F.  Temple  of  Vespasian;  (J.  Tahularium  :  H.  Temple  of  Ooocord; 
I,  Mamertinc  risou  ;  K.  Arch  of  Sc|)timius  Scvcms  cJ<«  A.  i>.)  :  I..  Itasjlira 
Porcia  ;  M.  Curia  Hostilia  (luirncd  .">  ».  r.)  :  N.  Curiii  lulia  :  (>.  Basilica 
Aemilia  ;  P.  Temple  of  Antoninus  and  Faustina:  (J.  Temple  of  Vesta;  R, 
Comitium  of  the  Republic  :  S.  C'apitoline  Hill  ;  T,  Palatine  Ilill ;  U,  Terrace 
(Rostra  r)  ;  V,  Rostra  vetera  (?)  ;  \V,  Rostra  lulia. 


166  NOTES. 

no  such  ridiculous  "pomp  and  circumstance";  suppose  Democritus  had 
seen  the  praetor  at  the  games  or  a  consular  triumph  ! 

38.  Tunica  lovis — i.  e.,  the  triumphal  tunic,  which  was  embroidered  with 
gold  and  bordered  with  purple.     It  was  kept  in  the  temple  of  Jupiter. 

39.  Aulaea,  properly  curtaint,  used  here  of  the  heavy  folds  of  the  tri- 
umphal toga. 

Magnae  coronae  tantum  orbem,  such  a  great  encircling  crown. 

40.  Quanta,  dative. 

41.  The  crown  was  so  heavy  that  it  was  not  worn,  but  carried  by  a  pub- 
lic slave,  who  took  his  place  beside  the  official  in  the  chariot,  and,  accord- 
ing to  the  common  tradition,  reminded  the  triumphator  that  he  was  but 
mortal,  atler  all. 

43.  Da,  picture  to  yourself.     Cf.  Ill,  137,  da  testem. 
Voluorem — i.  e.,  the  eagle. 

44.  Praecedentia,  etc.,  =  longum  agmen  pmecedentium  ojiciosorum. 
46.  Niveos,  white-robed.    The  white  toga  was  the  festal  garb. 

46.  In  looulos — i.  e.,  he  has  gained  their  friendship  by  the  "pensions" 
that  they  have  stowed  away  in  their  coffers. 

Sportola.    Cf.  I,  95. 

47.  Turn  qnoque,  even  in  those  times. 

49.  Ezempla,  object  of  daturos. 

50.  Vervecnm,  blockheads.     Abdera,  like  Boeotia,  was  famous  for  the 
alleged  stupidity  of  its  inhabitants. 

53.  Mandaret  laquenm,  to  commend  the  gallows  to  fortune,  means,  of 
course-,  to  express  scorn  of  her. 

Mediumque  ostenderet  unguem.  The  middle  finger  was  used  in  gestures 
of  contempt. 

54.  Vel,  If  the  reading  be  right,  must  mean  even.     The  MSS.  omit  vel, 
which  has  been  conjectured  in  order  to  avoid  the  hiatus. 

55.  Incerare.    Petitions  written  on  waxen  tablets  were  laid  on  the  knees 
of  the  statues  of  the  gods. 

67.  Invidiae,  dative. 

Honorum  pagina.  The  Scholiast  says  that  this  refers  to  a  bronze  tablet 
containing  a  list  of  titles. 

68  ft  Their  statues  are  pulled  down  and  dragged  through  the  streets, 
and  even  the  marble  representations  of  their  horses  and  chariots  are  broken 
in  pieces. 

59.  InpacU  securis,  nom.  sing. 

81,  Here  follows  a  picture  of  the  fate  of  the  bronze  Ptntue  of  Sejanus, 
the  ambitious  favorite  of  Tiberius,  who  is  selected  as  a  striking  example  of 
the  disasters  incident  to  "  potent ta."  He  is  the  subject  of  a  tragedy  by 
Ben  Jonson,  entitled  "  Stjanus." 

Strident,  so  gtridtre,  V,  160. 


SATIRE  X.  167 

64.  Sartago,  pan. 

65.  It  is  an  occasion  of  general  rejoicing. 

66.  Oretatum  =  candidum,  or  refers  to  a  custom  of  rubbing  creta,  white 
clay,  on  those  portions  of  tlie  sacrificial  victim  that  were  other  than  pure 
white. 

67.  What  do  the  people,  who  made  an  idol  of  Sejanus,  do  when  he 
t'all.s  £    Listen. 

69.  Crimine,  accusation. 

70.  Delator,  accuser. 
Teste,  witness. 

72.  Capreis,  the  modern  Capri,  where  Tiberius  retired  from  Rome  26  A.  D., 
leaving  the  active  conduct  of  the  State  to  Sejanus. 

Bene  habet  =  "  all  right.'1'1     Cf.  bene  est ;  bene  agitur. 

73.  Turba  Eemi.     Remut  is  often  used  by  poets  for  Romulus  for  the  sake 
of  the  metre. 

74.  Nortia.    An  Etruscan  goddess,  worshiped  especially  at  Vulsinii,  the 
birthplace  of  Sejanus. 

Tusoo— i.  c.,  Sejanus;  dative. 

75.  Secura,  from   meaning  safe  from  anxiety,  comes  to  mean  careless. 
The  whole  means,  if  the  old  emperor  had  been  caught  napping. 

76.  Diceret,  would  be  calling.    The  subject  is  turba  Remi. 

77  f.  Long  ago,  as  soon  as  we  lost  the  sale  of  our  votes,  we  (i.  e.,  turba 
Rsmi)  threw  off  the  cares  of  state.  The  irony  in  "  ex  quo  svffragia  nvlli 
vendimus,"  for  since  the  elections  u-ere  transferred  from  the  people  to  the 
senate,  5s  bitter  indeed. 

81.  Panem  et  ciroenses.  Cf.  Ill,  223,  si  potes  avelli  ctrcengibus ;  VIII, 
118.  This  phrase  has  become  proverbial. 

83.  Bruttidius  meus,    my  friend  Bruttidius.      Bruttidius  Niger  waa  a 
famous  orator  of  the  time ;  perhaps  he  is  meant. 

84.  Aiax— i.  e.,  Tiberiug,  who,  like  Ajax  conquered  in  his  struggle  with 
Ulysses,  may  rage  against  the  supposed  friends  who  seem  to  have  de- 
serted him. 

87.  A  side  blow  at  the  power  possessed  by  slaves,  and  the  ease  with 
which  their  testimony  might  ruin  their  masters. 

90.  Salntari  refers  to  the  morning  reception. 

91  f.  Uli—  ilium,  one — another. 

Curules — i.  e.,  curule  offices,  consulships,  praetorships.  Sejanus  practi- 
cally controlled  such  offices  after  Tiberius's  retirement  to  Capri. 

94.  Qrege  Chaldaeo.      The   Chaldaeans   were   famous    astrologers,  and 
Tiberius  was  much  given  to  that  sort  of  superstition. 

Certe,  at  least. 

95.  Castra  domestioa— i.  e.,  the  Praetorian  cohorts. 

96.  Et  qui,  even  those  who. 


108  NOTES. 

97.  Tanti.    Cf.  Ill,  54 ;  tanti  non  sit  omnis  harena. 

98.  Ut,  on  condition  that. 

99.  Qni  trahitur.    Cf.  line  66,  ducitur  unco. 

100.  Fidenarum  Gabiornmque.    These  were  small  towns  in  Latinm. 

101.  Weights  and  measures  were  under  the  control  of  the  aediles. 

102.  Ulubris.    Another  small  town  in  Latium. 

103.  Quid  optandum  foret.    Indirect  question,  object  of  ignorasse. 

105.  I.  e.,  he  was  piling  story  on  story,  only  that  his  fall  might  be  the 
greater. 

106.  Unde  =  ut  inde. 

107.  Fraeceps  is  used  as  a  noun.     Cf.  I,  149 ;  in  praetipibi. 
Immane  is  the  predicate. 

108.  Grasses,  Fompeios — i.  e.,  such  men  as  Crassus  and  Pompey.     Crassus 
was  a  member  of  the   so-called  first  triumvirate,  and  was  killed  in  an 
expedition  against  the  Parthians  53  B.  c.     Pompey  was  defeated  at  Pharsa- 
los  48  B.  c. 

Ulum.    Julius  Caesar. 

109.  Flagra.    Cf.  Eng.,  brought  them  under  his  lash. 

110.  Nulla  non,  every.    Non  nulla  would  mean  some. 

111.  Malignia,  because  granting  wishes  tiiat  were  really  harmful. 

112.  Generum  Oereris — i.  e  ,  Pluto. 

114  ff.  Look  at  another  form  of  ambition.    See  the  rewards  of  great 
eloquence. 

115.  Totis  quinquatribna.    The  festival  of  Minerva  (March  19-23)  was  a 
school  holiday. 

116  f.  I.  e.,  every  little  boy  that  goes  to 
school. 

117.  Vernula.     Cf.  I,  26;    verna   Canopi 
Crispinus. 

120.  Ingenio,  etc.     Genius  lost  head  and 
hands.     After  Cicero's  murder,  his  head  and 
liands  were  cut  off  by  the  order  of  Antony 
and  fixed  upon  the  rostra. 

121.  Oanaidici,  pettifoggers.      Cf.    I,  32 ; 
ca  undid  Mathonis. 

Rostra.    Cf.  Fig.  49. 

122.  A  line  written  by  Cicero.    Dryden  Fro-  49.— Rostra, 
imitates  it  in — 

"  Fortune  foretuned  the  dying  notes  of  Rome 
Till  I  thy  consul  sole  consoled  thv  doom." 

123.  Juvenal  says  that  if  Cicero  had  never  been  more  eloquent  than  in  the 
liiif  quoted,  he  mitrht  have  been  quite  safe  from  Antony.  Cf.  Cicero's  words  in 
the  M-cond  Philippic,  " Con tempsi  Catilinae  gladios,  non  vertimescam  tvos.1" 


SATIRE  X. 


169 


124.  Bidenda,  cte. — i.  e.,  I  would  rather  write  such  poor  poetry  and  nave 
my  life,  than  write  the  famous  second  Philippic  at  the  expense  of  my  head. 
Cicero's  attacks  on  Antony  in  the  Philippic  orations  were  the  immediate 
cause  of  his  murder. 

126.  Volveris  a  prima  qnae  proxima,  unrolled  next  to  the  font. 

Ilium,  Demosthenes. 

128i  Torrentem,  so  we  speak  of  a  torrent  of  eloquence. 

Moderantem  frena — i.  e.,  curbing,  guiding,  the  passions  of  the  people. 


Fio.  50. — Tropaeum.  Fio.  51. — Clirnis,  showing  the  temo. 

130.  This  description  of  the  father  of  Demosthenes  as  a  blacksmith  is  a 
rhetorical  exaggeration.     He  was  the  proprietor  of  a  sword  factory. 

131.  Gladios,  object  of  /><tr<tiite. 

133.  Truncis  tropaeis.    A  tropaeitm  in  early  times  consisted  of  the  armor 


Fio.  58.  —  Position  of 
Fio.  52.— Trireme,  showing  the  three  banks  rowers  in  a  trireme. 

of  oars. 

of  the  conquered  warrior  arranged  on  a  block  of  wood,  or  part  of  a  tree- 
trunk.     Of.  Fig.  50. 


170 


NOTES. 


135.  Curtnm  temone  iugum.     Curium  is  about  =  carens,  hence  the  use  ot 
the  ablative.     The  curfus,  with  the  temo  (pole)  and  the  bolt,  which  kept  the 
iugum  (yoke)  in  place,  is  seen  in  Fig.  51. 

Triremis.    Cf.  Figs.  52  and  53. 

136.  Aplnstre  =  a<f>A«rToi>,  the  fan-shaped  ornament  on  the  stern  of 
ship.     Cf.  Fig.  54. 

Arcn,  triumphal  arch,  cf.  cut,  page  23. 

137.  Maiora — i.  e.,  bona  maiora. 

138.  Grains  =  Graecus. 
Indnperator,  an  older  form  of  imperator. 
143  f.  Laudia  titulique  depend  on  cupido  ; 

haesuri  agrees  with  tituli ;  saris  is  the  dative 
with  haesuri  ,•  custodibus  is  in  apposition  with 
saxis. 

147.  Expends  Hannibalem,  weigh  Hannibal. 
Cf.  Hamlet,  Act  V,  Scene  I. 

148.  Africa,  etc. — i.e.,  Africa,  which  stretches 
from  the  Moorish  sea  to  the  Nile,  and  back  to 
the  land  of  the  Ethiopians. 

Mauro  Oceano  refers  to  that  part  of  the  At-    T 

FIG.  54.— Ship,  showing  the 
lantic  that  washes  the  west  coast  of  Africa.  aplustre. 

151.  Hispania.   The  Carthaginians  had  many 

colonies  in  Spain,  and  their  power  there  was  strengthened  by  Hannibal. 
The  following  lines  refer  to  his  campaign  in  Italy  after  the  fall  of  Saguntum 
in  219  B.  c. 

153.  Montem  rompit  aceto.     Cf.  Livy  XXI,  37;  ardentia  saxa  infuse 
aceto  pntrefariunt. 

155.  Poeno  milite.    Note  the  absence  of  a  preposition,  and  cf.  the  usage 
in  I,  54;  mare  percvssmn  puero. 

Portas— i.  e.,  the  gates  of  Rome. 

156.  Subnra.    Cf.  Ill,  5 ;  note. 

158.  Gaetula  belua,  elephant. 

Luscum  |  Hannibal  lost  one  of  his  eyes  through  disease  contracted  in  the 
marshes  south  of  the  river  Po.     Cf.  Livy  XXII,  2. 

159.  Ergo,  then.    Cf.  I,  3. 
Vincitur,  by  Scipio  at  Zama,  202  B.  o. 
161,  Mirandas,  to  be  stared  at. 
Ollens,  suppliant. 

'  162,  Bithyno  tyranno — i.  e.,  Prusias,  to  whose  court  Hannibal  fled. 
Libeat,  the  subjunctive,  because  there  is  an  idea  of  purpose  in  donee  = 
until. 

163,  Animae,  dative. 

Qnae  rea  hnmanas  miscuit  olim,  irh'n-k  once  threw  the  world  into  confusion. 


SATIRE  X. 


171 


164-168.  Die — anulns.  Hannibal  is  said  to  have  taken  poison  from  a 
ring,  which  is  here  called  the  avenger  of  Cannae.  There  is  probably  an 
allusion  to  the  story  that  after  the  battle  of  Cannae  (216  B.  c.)  a  peck  of 
rings  was  taken  from  the  slain  Roman  equites. 

168.  Pellaeo  inveni,  Alexander  the  Great,  who  "  sighed  for  more  worlds 
to  conquer."  He  was  born  at  Pella,  356  B.  c.,  and  died  at  Babylon,  323  B.  c. 

170.  Oyari,  Seripho.    For  the  former,  cf.  I,  73 ;  aude  aliquid  Gyaris 
dignum.    Seriphus  wo*  another  of  the  Cyclades. 

171.  A  fignlis  monitam  nrbem — i.  e.,  Babylon,  built  by  the  brick-makers. 

172.  Fatetnr,  discloses,  betrays. 

174.  Velifipatus  Athos.  Xerxes  cut  a  canal  between  Mount  Athos  and  the 
mainland,  the  remains  of  which  have  been  discovered  in  modern  times. 


FIG.  55.— Bridge  of  boats. 

175.  Oonstratnm  (.-.«/•')  Buppouitumque  mare  is  the  subject  ofereditvr. 

176.  Botis,  dative  with  suppotitvm.    The  reference  is  to  the  bridge  of 
boats  by  which  the  army  of  Xerxes  crossed  the  Hellespont    Fig.  55  repre- 
sents the  passage  of  Trajan's  army  over  the  Danube  by  such  a  bridge. 

177.  The  rivers  that  the  Medes  drank  dry  were  probably  rivers  by 
courtesy. 

178.  Madidis  alia.    There  are  two  explanations:  one,  that  he  struggled 
so  hard  that  the  wings  of  his  fancy  were  wet  with  sweat ;  another,  that 
they  were  made  damp  and  heavy  by  wine.     The  latter  is  preferable.    Cf. 
Ovid  Meta.  I,  'Ji'4 ;  Madidis  Arotus  evolat  alis. 

Sostratus.  unknown. 

179.  Hie— i.  o.,  Xerxes,  the  man  that  accomplished  all  thia. 


172 


NOTES. 


180  f.  Xerxes  assumed  ^ore  power  over  the  winds  than  even  their 
master  Aeolus. 

181.  Hoc,  accusative. 

182.  Ennosigaeum,  Homer's  name  for  Poseidon.     To  punish  him  for  de- 
stroying his   bridge  of  boats,  Xerxes  caused  fetters  to  be  thrown  into 
the  i»ea. 

18$.  With  all  his  assumed  control,  it  is  a  wonder  that  he  did  not  punish 
him  even  more  severely. 

184.  No  wonder  the  gods  rebelled  ! 

188.  Another  common  desire  is  longth  of  days. 

189i  Recto  vultu— i.  e.,  in  health,  opposed  to  pMidue. 

192.  Dissimilem  sui.  After  similis  Cicero  uses  the  genitive  of  living 
objects,  and  either  the  genitive  or  dative  of  things. 

Outia  is  a  man's  skin,  pellis  is  a  beast's  hide. 

194.  Thabraca,  a  town  in  Nuinidia ;  the  surrounding  forests  were  full  of 
monkeys. 

199.  LBve,  bald. 

200.  Misero,  dative  of  apparent  agent. 
Gingiva  inermi,  toothless  gums. 


Pie. M.— Ground-plan  of  the  theatre  of  Herod  at  Athens.  A,  Orchestra;  B, 
Ciivcn  :  ('.  Pulpttnm  (stnirc)  :  I).  1).  Parodoi  ;  I.  One  of  the  three  entrances 
throujih  the  ptiiiic-wtill  (ccneiia).  The  exact  use  of  the  various  rooms  adjoin- 
in-'  the  M;i're  is  nul  known. 


SATIRE   X. 


173 


202.  Such  n  disgusting  object  that  even  Cossus,  who  would  be  likely  to 
stand  a  great  deal  lor  the  sake  of  an  expected  legacy,  is  driven  from  the 
field.  This  may  l>o  the  (Vssus  mentioned  in  III,  184. 

209  f.  Partis  alterius,  the  other  sense — i.  e.,  hearing. 

210  fi  Cantante  citharoedo,  ablative  absolute.     Cantare  is  used  of  both 
vocal  and  instrumental  music. 

211.  Selenco.     Scleucus  is 
unknown. 

212,  Aurata  lacerna,  for  t  hi- 
elegance  of  theatrical  dress, 
cf.  Hor.  A.  P.  215. 

213.  Theatri,    Cf.  Fig.  56. 

214,  The    cornu  (a    large 
curved  born)  is  seen  in  Fig. 
55 ;  the  tuba  or  straight  horn, 
in    the    representation    of  a 
sacrifice,  in  Fig.  57. 

216.  Dicat,  subjunctive  in 
an  indirect  question. 

Quot  horas,  what  time.  Cf. 
Quota  hora  est  =  what  time  is 
it  f  Time-pieces  were  not  in 
common  use,  and  it  was  the 
duty  of  a  slave  to  announce 
the  hour  from  a  public  sun-  Fio.  57.— A  sacrificial  scene,  showing  the  tuba, 
dial  or  water-clock. 

218.  Agmine  facto.    The  same  phrase  III,  162,  also  in  Vergil. 

226.  This  line  occurs  also  I,  25. 

233.  Damno,  ablative  of  separation  with  the  c«>mp:ir::tiv<\ 


Fiu.  68.-  Kogua. 


Fio.  59.-  Kuiirral-urn. 


237.  Suos— i.  e.,  his  natural  heirs.    SUOB  is  the  subject  of  ease,  herede*  the 
predicate. 

240.  Ut,  although. 

Ducenda.    Cf.  I,  146 ;  dvcitvr  funv*. 

241.  Bogus.    Cf.  Fig.  58,  which  represents  the  funeral  pyre  of  Patroclus. 


174  NOTES. 

242.  Urnae — i.  e.,  aspiciendae  sunt.    For  the  form  of  the  urn,  cf.  Fig.  59 

243.  Haec  data  poenaj  here  data  has  its  usual  force;  this  penalty  is  on- 
signed.  For  the  technical  use  ot'poena*  dare,  cf.  Ill,  279. 

244.  Domus,  genitive. 

246i  Rex  Pylius — i.  e.,  Nestor,  who  was  said  to  have  lived  to  see  three 
generations  of  men. 

247.  A  cornice  secundae,  next  to  the  crow. 

248.  Qni,  in  that  he. 

249.  Dextra,    Units  and  tens  were  counted  on  the  left  hand,  hundreds 
on  the  right. 

253,  Antilochi  barbam  ardentem — i.  e.,  the  funeral  pyre  of  Antilochus.  The 
cut  on  page  61  represents  the  friends  of  Antilochus  lifting  his  body  into  a 
chariot. 

257.  Alins,  Laertes,  the  father  of  Ulysses,  of  Ithaca. 
Cui  fas,  whose  fate  it  was. 

258.  Incolumi  Troia,  ablative  absolute. 

Veniaset  is  the  conclusion  of  the  condition  expressed  in  si  foret  exstlnc- 
tus,  line  263. 

259.  Aasaraci,  the  great-uncle  of  Priam. 

260.  Cervicibus,  ablative  absolute  with  portantibus  implied. 
261  f.  Ut — inciperet,  result  clause,  imperfect  for  vividness. 

264.  Aediflcare  carinas  j  notice  the  loss  of  original  meaning  in  aedi-fao. 

265.  Dies  meaning  time  is  usually  feminine. 
267,  Miles  tremolos — i.  e.,  Priam. 

270.  Ab  ingrato  aratro.     The  plow  is  personified,  hence  the  use  of  the 
preposition. 

271.  Yet  Priam's  death  was  that  of  a  human  being,  while  Hecuba,  who 
outlived  him,  was  changed  into  a  cur,  and  died  a  beast's  death. 

273.  Begem  Ponti,  Mithridates,  King  of  Pontus,  130-63  B.  o. 
274  f.  Croesum.    The  story  of  Croesus,  King  of  Lydia,  560-548  B.  c.,  and 
Solon  is  told  by  Herodotus  I,  29  ff. 
276-282.  Marius  is  referred  to. 
278.  Hlo  cive,  ablative  with  beatius. 

282.  De  Tentonico  curru.    Marius  defeated  the  Teutons  102  B.  c.,  and  the 
Cimbri  in  the  following  year.     Cf.  VIII,  249. 

Vellet.    Cf.  «>t«AAe»',  was  about  to. 

283.  Provida,  foreseeing,  wise.     Pompey  was  ill  of  a  fever  at  Naples,  50 
B.  c.     Public  prayers  were  offered  for  his  safety, 

286.  Victo — i.  e. ,  after  his  defeat  by  Caesar.    Dative  with  abstulit. 

287,  Lentulus,  Oethegns,  and  Oatilina,  who  died  in  comparative  youth, 
escaped  this  ignominy. 

34 .'  Permittes,  the  future  has  the  same  force  as  in  optabunt  above. 
Expendere,  to  weigh  out,  so  to  decide. 


SATIRE  XL  175 

353.  Notnm  (->/> 

354.  Et  and  que  are  correlative. 
Sacellis,  shrine*. 

365.  Et  connects  exta  and  tomacula. 
Tomacnla,  mince-meat,  made  of  sacrificial  pork. 
356.  This  line  has  become  proverbial. 
358.  Spatium  extremum.     Cf.  lines  188,  275. 
Munera,  burdens. 

362.  Et — et — et  serve  to  co-  ordinate  the  ideas. 
Venere — cenis — pluma.    Ablatives  with  the  comparative  potioret. 
Bardanapalli,  the  last  king  of  Assyria.    He  furnished  a  typical  instance 
of  luxurious  living. 

365  £  These  lines  occur  also  XIV,  315,  316. 


SATIRE  XI. 

INTBODUCTION. — In  this  satire,  which  is  written  in  the  form  of  an  in- 
vitation to  dinner,  sent  to  his  friend  Persicus,  Juvenal  shows  the  folly  of 
those  who,  with  small  means,  attempt  to  imitate  the  luxury  of  the  rich. 

People  are  all  talking  of  Kutilus,  who  has  ruined  himself  by  his  ex- 
travagant luxury.  He  is  one  of  many.  Such  a  man  cheats  his  creditor* 
and  pawns  his  silver  or  his  mother's  portrait  to  purchase  table  delicacies. 
This  conduct  arises  from  ignorance  of  self,  and  of  individual  limitations. 
The  bankrupt's  only  regret  is  that  his  enforced  exile  deprives  him  of  the 
pleasures  of  the  circus.  Come  and  dine  with  me,  and  I  will  show  you  that 
I  practice  what  I  preach.  You  shall  have  a  simple  meal,  sucli  a  one  as  in 
former  times  would  have  contented  a  senator,  although  in  our  day  it  would 
be  despised  by  a  slave.  In  the  early  times  there  was  no  search  for  trras- 
ures  of  art ;  men  used  silver  in  their  armor,  earthenware  on  their  tables. 
Then,  when  Jupiter's  statue  was  of  clay,  the  gods  were  nearer  men. 
Now  the  most  luxurious  furniture  is  thought  necessary,  but  at  my  table 
you  will  find  simplicity  in  everything.  Lay  aside  the  anxieties  that  belong 
to  modern  city  Hfe,  and  seek  rest  and  refreshment  with  me. 

1.  Atticus,  may  refer  to  Ti.  Claudius  Atticus,  who  was  a  rich  man  of  the 
time  of  Nerva,  or  to  T.  Pomponius  Atticus,  the  friend  of  Cicero. 

LautuB(-^n«,  elegant. 

2.  Eutilus,  unknown.     Some  spendthrift  noble. 

3.  Apicius.    M.  F:\bius  Apicius  lived  in  the  time  of  Tiberius.     He  was 
famous  for  his  luxurious  table. 

4.  Convictua  =  convina. 


176  NOTES. 

Stationes,  clubs,  lounging  places. 

6,  Galeae— i.  c.,  for  military  service. 

7,  I.  e.,  the  tribune  had  not  put  him  into  bankruptcy,  and  so  dnr<m 
him  to  this,  but  he  had  not  interposed  to  save  him. 

8,  Scriptums  (ewe),  etc. — i.  e.,  to  sign  the  conditions  and  agree  to  the 
"  royal"  commands  of  the  trainer — i.  e.,  to  become  a  hired  gladiator.     Cf. 
Ill,  158. 

10i  Maoelli,  the  market.  The  creditor  was  sure  to  find  them  looking 
after  table  delicacies. 

12,  Egregius,  a  comparative  form,  as  if  from  egrex. 

13,  Et  connects  miserrimus  and  casurus. 

Perlucente  roina  j  the  metaphor  is  taken  from  a  building  BO  shattered  that 
the  light  shines  through  the  cracks. 

14,  Gustos,  abstract  for  concrete  =  relishes. 

15,  Animo, fancy. 

Interius  si  attendas,  if  you  look  more  closely. 

17.  Perituram,  to  be  squandered. 
Arcessere,  to  raise. 

18.  Oppositis  (pignori),  pawned. 

19.  Condire  gnlosom  fictile,  to  season  a  dainty -filled  dish — i.  e.,  to  load  a 
dish  with  dainties.     The  adjecthe  is  proleptie. 

20.  Miscillanea  ludi,  the  messes  of  the  gladiator's  school. 
.     21,  Paret,  subjunctive,  indirect  question. 

22,  Estj  the  subject  of  eat,  sumit,  and  trahit  (line  23),  is  implied  in  huec 
eadem  paret, 

Ventidio,  some  well-known  rich  man,  perhaps  Ventidius  Bassus. 

23  ff.  He  is  properly  an  object  of  contempt,  who  docs  not  see  that  a  safe 
differs  from  a  purse  as  much  as  Atlas  from  all  the  mountains  of  Libya. 

25.  Hie,  strict  grammar  would  require  qui. 

26.  Area.    Cf.  I,  90;  posita  luditur  area. 

27.  IYu»di  aeavTOf,  "  Tcnow  thyself"  ;  a  famous  saying  used  by  Socrates. 
Cf.  Xen.  Mem.  IV,  2,  24. 

29,  In  parte,  ///  the  ranks. 

30.  Thersites  knew  himself  too  well  to  ask  for  the  armor  of  Achilles. 

31,  Be  tradncebat  may  mean  made  himself  ridicttlou*,  or  simply  showed 
himself.     The  latter  seems  preferable.     The  story  of  the  contest  between 
Ajax  and  Ulysses  for  the  armor  of  Achilles  is  told  by  Homer,  Iliad  II. 

32,  Hagno  discrimine,  of  great  importance.     Ablative  of  characteristic. 

33.  Adfectas,  undertake.     The  indicative  is  used  because,  owing  to  the 
parenthesis,  neque — Ulixes,  the  sentence  becomes  independent. 

Console,  imperative. 

34.  Cortina  et  Matho,    The  former  is  unknown,  the  latter  is  mentioned 
1,32. 


SATIRE  Xl.  177 

Bncoae,  puffed-out  cheeks,  so  wind-bags,  blowers. 

37,  Gobio,  a  smalt,  cheap  fish. 

38.  Deficient*  orumina — i.  e.,  your  purse  growing  smaller  as  your  appe- 
tite grows  larger. 

43.  AnuluB,  the  badge  of  the  knight  or  senator. 
Pollio,  unknown. 

45.  Lnxnriae  is  the  dative  of  apparent  agent,  with  metuenda  supplied 
from  the  following  clause. 

46.  Oonducta  pecnnia,  conducere  =  to  borrow,  to  hire.     Cf.  Ill,  225. 
47  f.  Paulum  nescio  quid,  a  little  something. 

48.  Faenoris  auctor — i.  e.,  the  lender. 

49.  Qui  vertere  solum.    Literally,  those  who  have  changed  their  soil.    The 
meaning  is,  they  run  away  from  Rome. 

50.  Oedere  foro,  to  become  bankrupt,  cf.  to  go  out  of  the  street — i.  e.,  Wall 
Street. 

51.  To  move  from  one  part  of  the  city  to  another. 

53.  Anno  nno.    For  the  ablative,  cf.  VII,  235 ;  quot  vixerit  annit. 
Oircensibus.    Cf.  Ill,  223,  avelli  cirnensibus  ;  VIII,  118;  X,  81. 

54.  Morantur,  transitive,  seek  to  detain. 

56.  What  precedes  is  an  introduction  to  the  following  invitation. 
Pulcherrima  dictn^/ie  to  talk  about ;  so  Livy  says  speciosa  dictu.    What 
case  is  dictu  ? 

58.  OooultuB  ganeo,  a  glutton  in  secret. 

59.  Diotemi    Dictare  for  the  classical  imperare. 

60  f.  Habebis  Evandrum,  etc. — i.  e.,  I  shall  be  as  simple  a  host  to  you  as 
Evander  was  to  Hercules  ( Tiri/nthius)  or  to  Aeneas,  who,  though  inferior 
to  Hercules,  was  also  of  divine  descent. 

69.  Poaito  fuso,  laying  aside  her  spindle. 

70.  Tortoqne  oalentia  faeno,  warm  (fresh) from  the  nest. 

72.  Parte  anni,  through  half  the  year.  For  the  ablative,  cf.  VII,  235 ; 
XI,  53. 

73i  Signinum  Syriumque  pirum,  Signium  was  a  town  in  Latium.  Syrian 
pears  grew  at  Tarentum. 

74.  Aemula  Pioenis  mala.  The  apples  of  Picenum  are  mentioned  by 
Horace,  Sat.  II,  8,  272,  and  4,  TO ;  Picenis  cedunt  pomis  Tiburtia. 

76,  Autnmnum — 5.  e.,  the  crudeness  that  they  had  in  autumn. 

77,  lam  luiuriosa— i.  e.,  after  it  had  gone  beyond  the  still  simpler  fare 
ot  Curius. 

78,  Onrius  (Dentatus)  conquered  the  Samnites. 

79  ff.  Qnae  mine,  etc.     In  these  days  evon  the  slave  in  chains  despises 
such  fare,  remembering  the  delicacies  of  the  cookshop. 
82.  Snis,  genitive  singular  pf  svs. 
Kara  oratei  wide-barred  rack.    Horace  uses  rarut  of  a  net  (Epodes  II,  83). 


178 


NOTES. 


84,  Natalitinm,  translate  on  birthdays. 
85:  Si  quam  dabat  hostia — i.  e.,  if  there  bad 
been  a  recent  sacrifice. 

88.  Solito  maturing,  earlier  than  usual,  be- 
cause it  was  a  festal  day. 

89.  Erectum — i.  e.,  on  his  shoulder. 

90.  Tremerent,  the  subject  is  general,  they. 

The  verb  has  tran- 
sitive force. 

Pabios,etc.  The 
names  here  used 
belong  to  represent- 
atives of  the  severe 
simplicity  of  early 
Rome. 

93.  Habendam 
(testudinem). 

94.  Quails— nata- 
ret,  indirect   ques- 
tion. 

95.  Troingenis. 
Cf.  I,  100 ;  note. 


PIG.  60. 
Fulcrum. 


Fulcrum  is  prob- 
ably the  head-piece  of  a  couch ;  here  it  may  be  used 
for  the  couch  itself.  Cf.  Fig.  60. 

96i  Kudo  latere  and  parvis  Itctis  may  be  taken 
as  ablatives  of  characteristic  modifying  front  aerea, 
which,  as  the  important  idea,  is  made  the  subject; 
or  lectis  modified  by  parvis  and  by  nudo  latere  may 
be  considered  as  the  ablative  of  place  without  the 
preposition. 

97.  Vile,  cheap,  common,  roughly  fashioned. 
Coronati.    The  head  of  an  ass,  an  animal  sacred 

to  Bacchus,  was  often  crowned  with  vine  leaves, 
when  used  as  an  ornament. 

98.  Which  the  rude  country  boys  laughed  at. 
103  ff.  Ut  cassis— oetenderet  is  a  clause  of  purpose 

depending  onfrangebat.    Simulacra,  Quirinos,  and 
effiqiem  are  the  objects  of  ostenderet  (line  107). 


Phaleris.    Cf.  Fig.  61. 

104.  Mansuescere,  intransitive. 

105.  Imperii  fato — i.e.,  by  the  fate  that  watched  over  the  future  of  the 
Roman  Empire, 


SATIRE  XI. 


179 


Romulus  and  Remus  arc  called  Quirini, 
as  Castor  and  Pollux  are  called  Castores. 

106.  Clipeo    et   hasta,  ablatives  of  accompani- 
ment.    The  clipeus  was  a  round  shield,  as  seen  in 
Fig.  62. 

107.  Pendentis,  hanging,  hovering  in  the  air  be- 
tween heaveu  and  earth. 

108.  Tusco  catino,  much  of  the  earthen  table   Flo   o^orse  adorned 
ware  used  at  Rome  came  from  Etruria.  with  phalerae. 

Farrata— i.  e.,  food  made  from  meal. 

111.  Praesentior.    Cf.  Ill,  18 ;  quanta  praesentivs  estet  numen. 

112.  Cf.  Livy  V,  32 :  Eodem  anno  M.  Caedicius  de  plebe  ntintiavit  tribunis, 
se  in  nova  via,  ubi  nunc  sacellum  est  supra  aedem,  I'estae,  nocem  noctis  silentio 
audisse  clariorem  Humana,  quae  magistratibus  did  iuberet,  Gallog  adventure. 

114.  His — i.  e.,  by  such  means. 

116.  Violatus,    Cf.  Ill,  20. 

118.  Hos  agrees  with  usus.    Others  read  hoc. 

120  ff.  It  became  the  fashion  in  Rome  to 
collect  rare  and  costly  tables.  Two  specimens 
are  shown  in  Figs.  63  and  64.  Juvenal  here 
has  in  mind  one  of  the  orbes  (round  tables,  the 
tops  of  which  were  of  a  single  section  of  ex- 
pensive foreign  wood  or  marble),  supported  on 
a  single  shaft  (hence  called  monopodia),  con- 
sisting of  an  ivory  leopard,  rampant.  Cf.  I, 
137 ;  de  tot  pulchris  et  latit  orbibus. 

124.  Porta  Syenes.    Syene  was  a  town  on  the 

Nile,  on  the  border  between  Egypt  and  Ethio-    FIO-  62.— Figure  bearim.'  il 
pia.  cfipeus. 

125.  Mauro  obscnrior  Indus,  the  Indian  duskier  than  the  Moor. 

126.  Deposuit,  shed.    Juvenal's  natural  history  is  at  fault. 
Nabataeo  saltu.     Probably  Napata,  the  capital  of  Ethiopia,  is  meant. 

127.  Orexis,  appetite. 

128  f.  I.  e.,  a  silver  table-leg  is 
to  them  no  more  than  an  iron  finger- 
ring,  such  as  were  worn  by  the 
common  people. 

131.  Adeo  nulla,  so  far  am  I  from 
having.  Cf.  Ill,  84. 

133.  Quin,  nay  even. 

136.  Structor.     Cf.  V,  120. 

137.  Pergnla,    (carving)    school. 
Cf.  V,  122. 


FIG.  63.— Orbis. 


180 


NOTES. 


Trypheri,  unknown. 

138.  Pygargns,  a  white-backed 
antelope. 

139.  Scythicae  volncres,  pheas- 
ants. 

Phoenicopterus,  flamingo. 

140.  He  says  that  this  very 
fine  supper  made  of  elm  is  cut  up 
with  a  dull  knife,  and  the  clatter 
is  heard  all   over  the  Subura. 
The  carving- teachers  seem  to 
have  used  wooden  models. 

Oryx,  gazelle. 

142.  Subducere,  to  steal. 
Afrae  avis)  »o  Hor.,  Epod.  2, 

53.    Probably  a  Guinea-hen. 

143.  Noster,  my  servant. 

144.  Inlmtus,  tainted  with— 
i.  e.,  accustomed  to. 

Ofellae,  diminutive  ofq/a  —  a 
MfOp. 

146.  A  frigore  tutus,  warmly 
clad,  not  dressed  in  the  Eastern 
fa-hion. 

•147,  Mangone,  slave-dealer. 

148.  Hagno — i.  e.,  may  no  poculo,  but  the  whole  passage  non — mag  no  ia 
rejected  by  several  editors.  Weidner's  conjecture  mangone  .  .  .  Armenia 
suits  the  context  very  well. 

155.  Ardens  purpura,  the  dress  of  the  sons  of  free  citizens. 

159.  Difflua,  drawn  off,  bottled. 

179.  In  the  omitted  passage  Juvenal  has  described  some  of  the  less 
reputable  forms  of  amusement. 

181.  Dubiam  palmam — i.  e.,  Vergil's  poetry  vies  with  that  of  Homer. 

190.  I.  e.,  leave  all  your  cares  outside  the  door. 

191.  Domain,  household. 

Ulis,  for  the  omission  of  ab,  cf.  I,  54,  mare  percussum  puero. 

193.  Mappae.    A  napkin  or  scarf  was  dropped  by  the  praetor  as  a  signal 
for  the  games  to  begin. 

194.  Idaeum   sollemne,    The  Megalesia  were  in  honor  of  Cybele,  the 
idaean  mother.     Cf.  Ill,  137,  note. 

Golnnt — i.  e.,  the  people  at  Rome. 

Similisqne  trinmpho — i.  e.,  similis  triumphanti. 

195.  Praeda,  a  victim,  because  the  horses  cost  him  so  much. 


Fie.  64.— Orbia. 


SATIRE  XII.  181 

Pace,  by  the  leave  of.  It  is  a  bold  statement,  but  under  Vespasian  the 
Circus  is  said  to  have  had  seats  for  250,000  persons. 

198.  Eventum,  success. 

Viridis  panni.  Ct'.  note,  VII,  114.  In  republican  times  there  were  two 
parties  among  the  charioteers,  the  red  and  the  white ;  later  two  others  came 
into  existence,  the  blue  and  the  green ;  Domitian  added  the  gold  and  the 
purple.  These  colors  appeared  \n  the  tunics  of  the  drivers,  and  the  whole 
city  seems  to  have  divided  itee'.f  into  partisans  of  the  various  colors.  The 
drivers  consisted  for  the  most  part  of  slaves  or  freedmen,  who  were  trained 
in  regular  schools.  The  chariots  were  drawn  by  two  or  by  four  horses, 
rarely  by  three.  The  charioteers  frequently  became  very  rich,  their  profits 
coming  from  prizes  and  from  their  share  of  the  money  wagered  in  the  race. 
The  greatest  of  Roman  jockeys,  Diocles,  left  his  son  a  fortune  of  about  a 
million  and  a  half.  For  the  charioteer's  costtme,  cf.  page  54.  The  green 
seems  to  have  been  the  favorite  color  at  this  time. 

Quo  colligo,  whence  I  gather. 

201.  Consulibus,  L.  Aemilius  I'aulus  and  C.  Terentius  Varro,  216  B.  o. 

Audax  aponaio,  bold  betting. 

203.  I.  e.,  it  is  better  for  old  people  like  us  to  take  sun-baths  and  give 
up  evening  dress. 

204.  Salva  fronte,  without  shame,  without  violating  the  proprieties. 
Quamquam— sextain,  although  it  be  only  eleven  o'clock.    The  usual  hour 

was  2  P.  M. 

208.  Oommendat,  enhances,  gives  zest  to. 


SATIRE  XII. 

INTRODUCTION. — A  letter  to  Corvmus,  describing  the  safe  arrival  of 
Juvenal's  friend  Catullus,  with  sotne  intentional  exaggeration  of  his  dan- 
gers and  fears.  The  Satire  closes  with  a  statement  of  the  disinterested 
character  of  Juvenal's  enthusiasm,  which  leads  to  a  description  of  the  arts 
of  the  professional  legacy -hunter. 

I  have  made  ready  a  sacrifice  to  celebrate  my  friend's  safe  return.  If  I 
were  richer,  the  offering  should  be  costlier.  He  has  passed  through  great 
dangers,  and  was  in  great  terror,  so  great  that  he  was  willing  to  throw  all 
his  possessions  overboard ;  fancy,  in  these  days,  a  man  who  will  give  up 
his  wealth  to  save  his  life !  Finally,  the  mast  must  be  cut  away.  At  last 
they  have  arrived  at  the  harbor  of  Ostia.  Make  ready,  then,  for  the  sacri- 
fice. Does  all  this  joy  seem  suspicious?  No,  it  is  not  mercenary,  for 
Catullus  has  three  children,  and  is,  therefore,  not  a  good  subject  for  legacy- 
hunters.  Let  a  childless  rich  person  have  thu  slightest  illness,  and  men 
will  go  to  the  most  extravagant  lengths  to  show  their  grief  and  fear ;  will 


182  NOTES. 

offer  a  hundred  oxen,  would  offer  an  elephant  if  one  were  to  be  found — nay, 
even  a  slave  or  a  child !  May  such  men  enjoy  the  reward  they  deserve, 
wealth  and  lack  of  love  ! 

1,  Natali  die,  (my)  birthday.     Ablative  with  the  comparative.    Birth- 
days are  mentioned  as  festivals,  V,  37  ;  XI,  84. 

Lux  for  dies  is  common. 

2,  Caespes,  turf  (altar). 

3.  Eeginae,  Juno /  dative. 

4.  Vellus,  fleece. 

Pugnanti  Gorgone  Maura.  Minerva,  who  put  the  head  of  the  Gorgon, 
killed  by  Perseus,  on  her  shield.  Some  traditions  placed  the  Gorgon 
Medusa  in  Africa,  hence  Maura.  Pugnanti  Gorgon e  does  not  mean  fight- 
ing against  the  Gorgon,  butjighting  with  the  Gorgon-shield. 

6.  Coruscat,  about  the  same  as  vibrat. 

10.  Affectibus  =  amori  ;  post-classical.   Adf-  is  more  common  in  Juvenal. 

11.  Hispulla,  noted  for  size  and  weight. 

13.  Clitumni,  in  Umbria. 
Sangnis— i.  c.,  a  blooded  beast. 

14.  A  grandi  ferienda  ministro.    This  is  quoted  as  one  of  the  rare  instances 
of  a  and  the  ablative  to  express  the  agent  with  the  gerundive.     I  am  in- 
clined to  think  that  wherever  real  agent,  without  any  notion  of  "  person 
interested  "  is  expressed,  the  ablative  with  the  preposition  is  used,  other- 
wise the  dative. 

16.  I.  e.,  surprised  to  find  himself  still  alive. 

17.  Et  =  etiam. 

19.  Nube  una — i.  e.,  there  were  no  breaks ;  the  whole  sky  was  dark. 
Antemuas,  the  yard-arms.     Probably  "  St.  Elmo's  fire  "  is  referred  to. 

21.  Conferri,  to  be  compared  to. 

22.  Omnia  fiunt,  etc.    It  was  a  real  poet's  shipwreck,  with  no  harrowing 
detail  omitted. 

24,  Discriminis,  danger. 

25.  Cetera — i.  e.,  what  follows. 

27.  Quam,  its  antecedent  is  pars. 

28.  Ab  Iside.    The  Egyptian  goddess  Isis  was,  in  imperial  times,  the 
favorite  divinity  of  traders ;  votive  tablets  to  her  were  a  source  of  income  to 
the  painters.    Cf.  Hor.  Odes  I,  5, 13 ;  A.  P.  20.    She  is  represented  in  Fig.  72. 

30.  Medina  alveus,  the  middle  of  the  hold. 

31.  Alternum  latu8(i/(>«<  one  side  and  then  the  other. 

32.  Arbori  incertae,  the  reading  is  doubtful.     The  MSS.  have  arboris ; 
arbori  is  Lachmann's  conjecture. 

33.  Decidere  is  a  law-term  meaning  to  compound,  to  compromise. 
lactu,  by  throwing  overboard.     Cf.  Ill,  125. 


SATIRE  XII.  183 


34.  Coepit,  its  subject  is  implied  in  rectoris. 

39.  Teneris—  Maecenatibos,  an  effeminate  Maecenas.    Cf.  I,  66,  note. 

40.  Quarum  depends  on  pecus  (  —  wool),  which  is  the  object  of  infecit 
(=  tinged). 

41.  Bed  et,  but  also. 

42.  Baeticus.    The  Baetis  was  the  modern  Guadalquiver. 

43.  Lances,  dishes,  plate. 

44.  Parthenio,  unknown. 
Urnae,  used  here  of  a  measure. 

45i  Fholo.    Pholus  was  one  of  the  centaurs. 
Coniuge  Fusci,  unknown. 

46.  Bascaudas,  a  Keltic  word,  from  which  Eng.  basket  is  derived ;  prob- 
ably vessels  covered  with  wicker-work  are  meant. 

Escaria,  from  esca,  so  dishes  of  some  sort. 

Multum  caelatd,  much  chased  ware.     Caelati  is  partitive  genitive. 

47.  Emptor  Olynthi,  Philip  of  Macedon,  who  gained  possession  of  Olyn- 
thus  by  bribing  two  of  its  citizens. 

48  f.  What  other  man  (than  Catullus),  what  man  in  ichat  part  of  the 
world,  would  dare  to  prefer  his  safety  tr>  his  silver,  his  weal  to  his  wealth  ? 

50  f.  These  verses  are  often  considered  as  an  interpolation,  apparently 
on  the  pnnciple  that  whatever  in  Juvenal  savors  of  the  commonplace  is 
spurious.  I  see  no  reason  for  rejecting  them. 

51.  VitiO|  avarice. 

53.  Damna,  sacrifices. 

Uluc  reooidit,  he  was  reduced  to  this. 

55.  Angustum;  cf.  "i»  a  strait." 

Quando,  etc.— i.  e.,  when  we  throw  away  part  of  the  ship  to  save  the 
rest. 

57.  Dolato,  rough-hewn. 

59.  Taeda, />/">/£. 

60.  Ventre  lagonae  |  cf.  Montani  venter,  IV,  107. 

61.  Sumendas,  to  be  used. 

63.  VeotoriB,  the  traveler. 

64.  Meliora— pensa,  kindlier  threads,  a  happier  lot. 

65.  Staminis  albi,  white  threads  were  favorable. 

67.  Miserabilis  modifies  prora  (line  69). 

68.  Velo  sno— i.  e.,  the  sail  that  belonged  to  the  prow,  the  dolon,  or 
foresail. 

71.  Atqne  connects  grains  and  sublimis. 

Noveroali— praelata  Lavino,  preferred  (by  him)  to  hi*  step-mother's  Lavi- 
nium.  lulus  leaving  Lavinium  was  guided  to  the  site  of  Alba  Longa  by  a 
white  sow  with  thirty  piga.  Cf.  Verg.,  Aen.  Ill,  390. 

Lavino,  the  usual  form  is  l/acinio. 


184 


NOTES. 


73.  Phrygibns— i.  e:,  the  Trojans  with  lulus. 

74.  Clara,  refers  to  scrofa. 

75.  The  artificial  harbor  formed  at  Ostia  by  Claudius,  42  A.  D.    Cfc  Fig. 
65,  a  restoration  by  Canina. 


Flo.  65.— Artificial  harbor  at  Ostia. 


78.  Tyrrhenamqne  pharon— i.  e.,  a  lighthouse  like  that  on  the  island  of 
Pharos,  near  Alexandria.  Cf.  Fig.  66,  which  is  from  a  medal  of  the  Em- 
peror Com  modus. 

Porrectaqne  braochia  ruraum,  the  breakwaters  ran  out  into  the  sea  and 
then  curved  inward,  as  seen  in  Fig.  65,  upper  left-hand  corner. 

78.  Italiam— i.  e.    the  shore. 

79.  I.  e.,  more  wonderful  than  any  natural  harbor. 


SATIRE  XII. 


185 


FIG.  66.— Pharos. 


80.  Interiors,  the  inner  harbor  built  by  Trajan.     Fig.  67,  from  a  coin 
struck  in  103  A.  n.,  shows  the  warehouses  surrounding  this  inner  harbor. 

Pervia,  naoiyable. 

Cumbae,  dative  with  pereia. 

81.  Tuti  stagna  sinus,  the  quiet  waters  of  a  safe  bay. 
Vertdoe  raso.     Men  cut  off  their  hair  as  a  votive 

offering.     Cf.  Ill,  186. 

83.  Linguia  animisque  faventes— i.  e.,  with  a  strict 
religious  silence.     Cf.  Hor.,  Odes  111,  1,  2. 

84.  Serta,  garlands. 

Farra — i.  e.,  the  sacrificial   meal  with   which  the 
knives  were  sprinkled. 

85.  Mollis  focos,  the  turf  altars. 

90.  I.  e.,  violets  of  every  color. 

91.  Longos,  etc  ;  cf.  pone  domi  laurus,  X,  65. 

92.  Matntinis— i.  e.,  lighted  before  daybreak. 
Operator  =  operam  tint,  celebrates. 

Festa  (iatiua). 

93  ff.  This  sounds  like  legacy-hunting,  but  Catullus  has  three  children, 
BO  you  see  my  devotion  is  disinterested. 

95.  Libet  expectare,  I  sJwulJ  like  to  see. 

96.  Claudentem  oculos,  blind. 

98.  Pro  patre— i.  e.,  for  a  man  that  is  a  father. 

Sentire  calorem — i.  e.,  to  feel  the  approach  of  fever.     We  might  say  to 
have  a  chill. 

99.  Coepit,  singular  because  each  subject  is  thought  of  separately. 

100.  Legitime,  in  due  form. 
Libellis  =  votorum  tabulis. 

101.  Portions,  either  of  the  house  or  of  some 
temple. 

Hecatomben — i.  e.,  a  hundred  oxen ;  he  goes 
on  to  say  that  they  would  make  it  elephants 
if  they  could. 

102.  Qnatenus,  since. 

103.  Sidere,  */•//. 

104.  Fnrva  gente— i.  e.,  from  India. 
Petita  agrees  with  btlmi. 

105.  In  the  R>it>tlian  forests  and  the  land 
where  Turnus  reigned. 

106.  Caesaria  armentnm.    Herds  of  elephants  were  kept  by  the  emperors 
for  use  in  the  public  shows. 

107.  Siquidem  almost  —for. 

Tyrio  Hannibali.     Carthage  was  a  colony  from  Tyre. 


Flo.  67.— Inner  harbor  at 

Ostia 


186 


NOTKS. 


108.  Nostris  ducibnB— c.  g.,  Scipio. 

Regique  Molosso,  Pyrrhus,  King  of  Epirus. 

lid  Partem  aliqnam  belli,  an  important  part  of  the  war. 

111.  A'ovius  and  Hister  Pacuvius  (legacy-hunters)  would  not  hesitate  to 
offer  up  elephants  at  the  shrines  of  their  patron*. 

115.  Alter,  the  latter,  as  shown  by  the  use  of  his  name  again  in  line  125. 

119.  Iphigenia,  etc. — i.  e.,  he  would  be  as  ready  to  sacrifice  his  ovvii 
daughter  as  was  Agamemnon,'  even  without  the  hope  that  a  deer  would  be 
furnished  at  the  last  moment  to  take  the  maiden's  place,  as  the  tragedians 
represented  in  the  case  of  Iphigenia.  Cf.  Fig.  68. 

121,  Civem,  fellow-citizen. 

Nee  compare,  etc. — i.  e.,  how  much  better  to  sacrifice  one's  daughter  for 


Fio.  68.— Sacrifice  of  Iphigenia. 


SATIRE  XIII,  187 

a  legacy  than  for  a  thousand  ships ;  referring,  of  course,  to  the  Greek  fleet 
in  the  story  of  Iphigenia. 

122.  Libitinam,  the  goddess  of  funerals,  so  death;  cf.  Hor.,  Odes  III, 
30,  6,  multa  pars  mei  vitabit  Libitinam. 

123.  Inolnsns  caroere  nassae,  imprisoned  in  the  net.    The  nassa  was  a  sort 
of  lobster-pot,  as  seen  in  Fig.  69. 

127.  lugulata  Mycenis—  i.  e.,  the  sacrifice  of  his  "  Iphigenia." 

128.  Nestora  totum,  a  sort  of  cognate  accusative ;    for  the  sense,  cf. 
X,  246. 


FIG.  69.— Nassa. 


SATIRE   XIII. 

INTRODUCTION. — Juvenal  writes  to  his  friend  Calvinus,  who  is  much 
distressed  by  the  loss  of  a  small  sum  of  money  through  breach  of  trust. 
The  strength  of  the  Satire  lies  in  its  ethical  teaching,  and  its  vigorous  de- 
scription of  the  terrors  of  a  guilty  conscience. 

Crime  is  its  own  punishment;  then,  too,  you  are  rich  enough  to  bear 
this  loss  with  equanimity.  Why  are  you  so  overwhelmed  by  a  misfortune 
which  in  these  evil  days  is  so  common  ?  In  the  golden  age,  when  there 
were  fewer  gods,  there  was  more  virtue ;  now  an  honest  man  is  a  rarity. 
Men  break  their  oaths  without  hesitation,  some  believe  in  no  gods,  others 
hope  to  escape  divine  vengeance.  Consider  how  many  suffer  more  serious 
losses  than  yours ;  look  at  the  criminal  courts.  No  one  wonders  at  that 
which  is  common,  why  wonder  at  dishonesty  in  Koine?  Do  you  seek 
revenge?  That  is  unphilosophical,  the  mark  of  a  petty  mind.  Leave  your 
enemy  to  the  punishment  of  his  own  conscience ;  it  will  give  him  no  peace, 
will  torture  him  under  all  circumstances,  but  it  will  not  deter  him  from 
further  crimes,  and  you  will  some  day  have  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  him 
the  victim  of  his  own  ill-doing. 

1.  Exemplo — malo,  ablative  of  characteristic. 

2.  Be  iudioe,  etc.     Each  index  (juryman )  was  furnished  with  three  tablet* 
marked  respectively  A.  (absolve),  C.  (condemno),  and  A'.  L.  (non  liquet  = 
not  proven),  one  of  which  ho  cast  into  the  urn,  whence  they  were  taken 
and  counted  by  the  praetor. 

3.  Inproba  gratia,  corrupt  influence. 


188 


NOTES. 


5  ff.  You  have  the  sympathy  of  your  friends,  your  wealth  is  still  p'c»it, 
nnd  you  have  plenty  of  company  in  your  misfortunes. 

6.  Crimine,  charge. 

8.  lacturae,     The  paradox,  '•'•burden  of  a  loss,"  is  probably  intentional. 

10i  Et  e  medio,  etc.,  taken  from  the  middle  of  Fortune's  heap — i.  e.,  taken 
at  random. 

13.  Quamvis  levium,  however  slight. 

16.  There  is  some  doubt  as  to  the  subject  of  stupet.  I  think  it  is  not 
Juvenal,  but  Calvinus. 

17i  Fonteioi  One  Fonteius  was  consul  59  A.  i>.,  another  67  A.  D.  ;  the 
latter  is  probably  meant. 

20.  Sapientia  means  philosophy  as  contrasted  with  experience  (vita). 

23.  Cesset,  fail. 

25.  Pyxide,  box,  here  a  box  containing  poison.  The  peculiar  lid  of  the 
pyxis  is  sewn  in  Fig.  70. 

27i  Thebarum  portae,  Boeotian  Thebes  hud  seven  gates,  and  the  Nile  had 
seven  mouths. 

28.  Nunc  aetas.  Ovid  calls  the  iron  age  the  fourth ;  no  wonder,  then, 
that  no  metal  could  be  found  base  enough  to  designate  the  present. 

Agitur,  is  passing.  Saecula,  the  subject  of  an  implied  aguntur,  is  the 
antecedent  of  quorum. 

31.  Fidem  \fides  means  that  which 
may  be  trusted ;  we  make  as  much 
noise  about  honor  and  religion — 

32.  Faesidium.     Faesidius   was   a 
rich  lawyer ;  hence  agentem^  plead- 
ing. 

Vocalia  sportula — i.  e.,  those  per- 
sons whose  applauding  voices  had 
been  bought  by  the  sportula. 

33.  Bulla,  worn  by  children.    Cf. 
V,  164,  note  (Fig.  30). 

37.  Eubenti— i.  e.,  with  the  blood  of  victims. 

39  f.  Saturn  fleeing  from  Jupiter,  who  had  deprived  him  of  his  crown, 
came  to  Latium  and  taught  the  people  agriculture. 

41.  Privatus,  a  simple  citizen,  one  without  office. 

Idaeis  antrisj  Jupiter's  early  boyhood  was  passed  on  Mount  Ida,  in 
Crete. 

42  ff.  The  simplicity  of  those  early  times  was  found  in  heaven  as  well 
as  on  earth. 

43.  Puer  Eiacus,  Ganymede,  who  came  from  the  Troad. 
Hercnlis  uxor,  Hebe. 

44.  Ad  cyathos— i.  e.,  as  cup-bearet. 


Fio.  70.— Pyxis. 


SATIHK  XIII. 


189 


45.  Liparaea;  Vulcan's  forge  was  sometimes  located  in  Lipara,  a  vol- 
canic island  north  of  Sicily.     Ct'.  I,  8,  note.     Fig.  71,  from  11  bas-relief, 
represents  Vulcan  in  his  workshop  affixing  the  handle  to  a  shield. 

46.  Nee  turba  deorum.    The  Roman  pantheon  became  very  much  crowded 


FIG.  71.— Vulcan's  workshop. 

in  later  times  by  the  importation  of  a  host  of  Asiatic  and  Egyptian  divini- 
ties, and  the  deification  of  emperors,  heroes,  and  abstract  ideas. 

48,  Atlanta.    '•'•Poor  Atlas"  was  supposed  to  support  the  heavens  on 
his  shoulders. 

49.  Triste  profundi  imporium,  the  yloomy  empire  of  the  abyss. 

60.  Ant,  the  negation  continues. 

Sioula — ooniuge,  Proserpina,  whom  Pluto  carried  off  from  Enna  in  Sicily. 
Cf.  Ovid,  Met.  V,  391  if. 

61.  Rota,  samm,  and  vnltnris  atri  poena  refer  to  Ixion,  Sisyphus,  and 
Tityus  respectively. 

63,  Admirabilis,  a  wondet. 

64.  Qno  (aevo). 

57.  Notice  the  incidental  reference  to  the  simplicity  of  living. 

69.  Lanugo,  down. 

61.  Follem,  purse. 

62,  Tuscis  libollis.    The  Etruscans  were  famous  for  their  skill  in  augury. 
Cf.  Livy,  I,  34. 

64.  An  honest  man  in  these  days  is  a  wonder  and  a  prodigy. 
Binwmbri  seems  to  mean  half -man,  half -beast,  or  it  may  be  two-Jmided. 
68.  Uva  is  often  used  for  a  "  cluster"  of  bees. 

70.  Miris  seems  tame,  but  mini-is  (Person's  conjecture,  followed  by  Rib- 
beck)  is  improbable. 

71.  Decem  sestertia,  about  |400. 

73.  Arcana  —  intrusted  without  witnesses  or  receipt. 

74.  Quam  patulae,  etc.— i.  e.,  so  large  a  sum  that  there  was  no  room  for 
it  in  his  money-chest. 


190  NOTES. 

76,  Quanta  voce,  how  loudly. 

78.  Tarpeia   folmina,  the   thunderbolts  of   Tarpeian  (i.  e.,   Capitoline) 
Jupiter. 

79.  Frameam,  the  Teutonic  word  for  lance.     Cf.  Tacitus,  Germ.  VI,  and 
Fig.  72. 

Cirrhaei  vatis,  Apollo.     Cf.  VII,  64. 

80.  Venatricis  puellae,  Diana. 

82.  Herculeos  arous,  the  bow  that  Hercules 
gave  to  Philoctetes. 

84,  Et,  too,  as  well. 

Flebile — i.  e.,  deeply  as  it  would  pain  me. 
Flebile  agrees  with  sinciput. 

85.  Qne  connects  elixi  and  madentis. 

88.  For  nature  brings  about  the  changes  of 
day  and  night,  and  of  the  seasons.  Fl°-  72'~F^eahurling  the 

93.  Isis.    The  Egyptian  goddess  Tsis  was  a 

popular  divinity  at  Rome  during  the  empire.    Cf.  XII,  28,  note,  and  Fig.  73. 
Bistro.    The  sistrum  was  a  sort  of  musical  instrument.     Cf.  Fig.  73. 

94.  Vel,  even. 

Abnego,  deny — i.  e.,  disclaim  knowledge  of. 

96.  Sunt  tanti — i.  e.,  are  not  too  much  to  pay  (for  wealth). 

97.  Ladas,  a  famous  runner  at  the  Olympic  games. 

Anticyra  was  a  town  noted  for  hellebore,  which  was  considered  a  specific 
for  madness.  Cf.  Hor.,  A.  P.  300. 

98.  Arohigene.    Archigenes  was  a  specialist  in  mental  disorders. 
99i  Esuriens,  the  olive  branch  brings  fame  but  no  food. 
Pisaeae,  the  Olympic  games  were  held  near  Pisa,  in  Elis. 

100.  Tit,  although. 

107.  Ad  delubra  vocantem — i.  e.,  to  hear  his  oath.  So  eager  is  he  to  take 
the  false  oath,  that  he  hurries  on  before  you,  and  is  even  ready  to  insist  on 
your  going. 

109.  Superest,  supports. 

110.  Fiducia  is  contrasted  with  audacia. 

Mimum.  Mimus  may  mean  the  play-writer,  the  play  itself,  or  a  single 
role  in  the  play. 

111.  Oatnlli.    Cf.  VIII,  186. 

112.  Stentora,  the  Greek  herald  whose  voice  was  equal  to  that  of  fifty 
men. 

113.  Gradivus  Homericus  ;  Mars,  as  Homer  says,  shouted  as  loudly  as  ten 
thousand  men  (II.  V,  859). 

116,  Oarbone  tuo — i.  e.,  on  thy  altar. 

Oharta  solnta  refers  to  the  paper  parcel  in  which  the  incense  was  brought. 

118,  Omenta,  entrails. 


SATIRE   XITI. 


191 


192 


NOTES. 


119.  Vagelli,  unknown. 

120.  Hear  what  a  plain  man,  no  philosopher,  can  say  for  your  comfort. 

121.  Et  qui,  even  he  who. 

122.  Tunica.    The  Cynics  wore  a  heavy  cloak  and  no  tunic. 

125.  Your  case,  however,  is  simple,  and  may  be  intrusted  to  a  mere  tyro. 
Philippi.    Probably  some  physician  of  little  reputation. 
132.  Vestem'  diducere  summam,  to  tear  (only)  the  upper  part  of  his  gar- 
ment. 

135.  Fora,  courts. 

136.  If,  after  their  agreements  have  been  read  over  and  over  (deciens 
seems  to  be  used  for  any  large  number)  by  the  other  side  (i.  e.,  by  their 
opponents). 

137^  They,  whom  their  own  signature  (littfra)  and  best  sardonyx  seal 
(gemma)  convict,  assert  that  the  writing  of  the  invalid  (zupervacui)  tablet 
is  not  binding. 

140.  0  delioias,  my  dear  fellow. 

141t  Quia  tu,  etc. ;  because  you,  forsooth,  are  of  an  exceptional  breed ! 

145,  Conductum,  hired. 
Sulpure  atque  dolo,  one  idea. 

146.  Primes  com,  etc.,  a  proof  that  the  house  was  set  on  fire. 

148.  Adorandae  robiginis,  genitive  of  characteristic.  Robigo  =  rust,  and 
thus  antiquity. 

152.  Bratteolam,  one  of  the  leaves  or  plates  of  gold  with  which  the  statue 
was  overlaid. 

155.  Deduoendum — i.  e.,  one  that  ought 
to  be  thrown. 

Cum  quo,  etc.    Cf.  VIII,  214,  note. 

157.  Quota  pars,  how  small  a  part/ 
Cf.  Ill,  61,  quota  portio. 

Qallicus.  Rutilius  Gallicus  wasprae- 
fectus  urbi  in  the  time  of  Domitian. 

162.  Tumidum  guttur,  goitre,  a  com- 
mon disease  in  the  Alps. 

165.  Which  twists  its  tufts  in  damp 
curl — i.  e.,  the  hair  twisted  into  wet, 
curly  tufts. 

167.  Thracum  volucres — i.  e.,  cranes;  their  contests  with  the  pygmies 
arc  mentioned  by  Homer,  II.  Ill,  3  ff.  Cf.  Fig.  74. 

168i  The  tradition  concerning  a  race  of  pygmies,  like  other  popular 
traditions,  seems  to  have  had  a  certain  basis  in  fact.  Recent  investigations 
seem  to  prove  the  existence  in  Africa  of  a  race  of  fully  developed  human 
beings  whose  stature  does  not  exceed  four  feet.  Juvenal's  disbelief  in  the 
canal  at  Mount  Athos  has  been  shown  to  have  been  unfounded  (cf.  X,  174), 


FIG.  74.— Pygmies  aud  cranes. 


SATIRK  XI  1  1.  193 

and  it  may  be  that  the  much-  ridiculed  story  of  Hannibal's  use  of  heated 
vinegar  to  soften  the  rocks  in  his  passage  of  the  Alps  (cf.  X,  153  ;  Livy 
XXI,  37)  is  not  so  absurd,  after  all. 
176i  Nostro  arbitrio,  as  we  choose. 

179.  Invidiosa,  odious. 
Minimus  sangnis,  a  drop  of  blood. 

180.  Vindicta,  revenge. 

Bonum,  substantive  in  the  predicate. 
181i  Indocti,  supply  dicunt. 

184.  Chrysippus,  etc.      Philosophers  such  as 
the.se  will  teach  you  that  revenge  is  ignoble. 

185.  Senex,  Socrates. 

187i  Plurima  vitia.     Vitia  are  faults  of  nature, 
errores  faults  of  practice. 

Felix  is  used  as  a  masculine  substantive  = 


190.  Voluptaa  is  in  the  predicate. 

191.  Continue,  straightway,  unhesitatingly. 

194.  Attonitos,  terrified. 

Surdo  verbere,  the  unheard  blow,  so  occnltum  flagellum,  the  unseen  lash. 

195.  Tortore  is  in  apposition  with  auimo,  which  is  in  the  ablative  abso- 
lute with  quatiente. 

Flagellum.    Cf.  Fig.  75. 

197i  Gaedicius  is  said  to  have  been  a  cruel  judge  in  the  time  of  Nero. 

Bhadamanthus  with  Minos  and  Aeacus  gave  judgment  in  the  lower 
world.  Cf.  I,  10. 

199  ff.  This  story  of  Glaucus  is  told  by  Herodotus,  VI,  86.  He  wanted 
to  keep  from  the  sons  money  entrusted  to  him  by  their  father,  and  con- 
sulted the  oracle  as  to  the  probable  effect. 

204.  Moribus,  principle. 

205.  Adyti,  of  the  sanctuary. 

206.  Extinctns—  i.  c.,  his  destruction  with  that  of  his  whole  race  proved, 
etc.     Extinctus  is  the  participle. 

207.  Quamvis  longa,  however  far  removed. 

210.  Cedo  (an  old  imperative  form),  cotne,  tell  me  (what  penalties  he 
incurs). 

212.  Ut  morbo  —  i.  e.,  as  if  he  were  ill. 

213.  Cibo,  ablative  absolute  with  crescente. 
Bed,  (nit  even. 

214.  Albani  senectus—  i.  e.,  old  Alban  wine. 

215.  Densissima  ruga,  cf.  dtn*if#ima  lectica,  I,  120. 

216.  Acri  Falerno.     The  Falcrnian  wine  was  sharp,  and  was  usually 
mixed  with  honey. 


194  NOTES. 

221,  Imago,  apparition,  called  sacra,  because  connected  with  the  idea  of 
an  avenging  deity. 

224.  Prime  qnoque,  the  very  first. 

228.  Velut  hoc  dilata  sereno,  as  if  but  deferred  by  this  clear  weather. 

229.  Vigili  cum  febre,  with  sleepless  fever. 

233.  Balantem,  bleating. 

234.  Nooentibus  =  noxiis,  criminals. 

236.  Malorum,  masculine. 

237.  Superest,  cf.  line  109,  note. 

239.  Ad  mores  damnatos,  to  the  practices  condemned  by  conscience. 

242.  Attrita,  hardened. 

244i  Dabit,  etc.,  will  step  into  the  snare — i.  e.,  will  be  caught. 

245.  Uncum,  cf.  X,  66,  Seianus  dutitur  unco. 

246.  Eupem  scopnlosque  |  cf.  I,  73. 

248.  Nominis  is  used  for  the  man  himself. 
Laetus,  with  joy. 

249.  Tiretdan  —  caecum,  for  Tiresias  was  the  blind  prophet  of  Thebes. 


SATIRE  XIV. 

THE   EFFECT    OF    EVIL   EXAMPLE. 

INTRODUCTION. — Parents  often  unconsciously  teach  their  children  to  be 
gamblers  or  gluttons.  Can  Rutilus,  who  treats  his  slaves  with  cruelty, 
expect  his  sen  to  be  humane  I  It  is  easier  to  teach  vice  thaj  virtue.  Rev- 
erence the  innocence  of  childhood,  else  you  will  have  no  right  to  censure 
your  son's  faults  when  he  grows  up.  Will  you  not  make  as  great  efforts  to 
keep  your  home  pure  for  the  sake  of  your  child  as  you  make  to  keep  it 
clean  for  the  sake  of  your  guests  ?  Children,  like  birds,  show  their  train- 
ing in  after-life.  Crctonius  is  extravagant,  his  son  is  still  more  so.  An- 
other man  is  tolerant  of  superstitions,  his  son  becomes  a  fanatic.  Most 
faults  the  young  are  ready  to  learn  ;  avarice  must  be  forced  upon  them,  and, 
alas !  it  is  but  too  often  taught,  first  by  little  acts  of  meanness,  then  by 
greater  ones.  What  folly  is  such  avarice  !  In  early  times  a  little  land  was 
enough  to  support  a  family,  now  we  must  have  more  than  that  for  a 
pleasure-garden.  Hear  the  advice  of  the  simple  Samnite  father.  Now 
the  father  urges  his  son  on  in  the  race  for  wealth.  The  rising  generation 
learns  its  lesson  well,  and  is  apt  in  forgery,  even  in  murder.  "I  never 
taught  him  that,"  you  say.  No,  but  you  planted  the  seed  that  produces 
such  a  harvest.  The  follies  of  the  avaricious  are  more  amusing  than  any 
drama.  There  arc  various  forms  of  madness,  and  your  indifference  to 
danger  in  the  pursuit  of  wealth  is  one.  Then,  too,  what  hard  work  you 


SATIRE  XIV. 


195 


Flo.  76.— Fritillus. 


have  to  keep  what  you  have  Drained  !    My  mlvice  is :  Be  content  with  little ; 
if  you  begin  to  seek  much  you  will  end  l>y  wanting  more. 

li  Fuscine,  unknown. 

2,  Macnlam  haesuram,  a  lasting  stain. 

6.  Bnllatus.      Cf.    V,   164  (Fig.   30)  ; 
XIII,  33. 

Anna,  implements  ;  cf.  armiger,  I,  92. 
Fritillo,  dice-box.     Cf.  Fig.  76. 

7.  Eadere  tubera  terrae,  to  peel  truffles. 

8.  Eodem  inre,  in.  the  same  sauce  (as  the 
mushrooms). 

9.  Mergere,  to  dip. 

Ficednlas,  small  birds,  beccqficots. 

10.  Gula,  as  well  as  parent*  (line  9),  is  ablative  absolute  with  monstrante. 
13.  Lauto—  paratu.    The  usual  word  is  apparatus  ;  cf.  Hor.,  Odes  I,  38, 

1,  J'ersicos  odi  puer  apparatus. 

15.  Aequos,  almost  =  indulgent. 

16.  Atqne  connects  praecipit  and  putat  /  Rtitilus  ia  the  subject  of  both. 
Bucheler's  conjecture  ofvtque  here  m\d  jn/tet  in  line  17  seems  good. 

Nostra  materia— i.  e.,  of  the  same  material  as  ours. 

17.  Putat  seems  awkward ;   it  must  have  something  of  the  idea  of 
praecipit. 

20,  Antiphates,  etc. — i.  e.,  the  dreaded  tyrant  of  his  household.  Anti- 
phates  was  the  fierce  king  of  the  Laestrygones.  Horn.,  Od.  X,  80. 

22.  Thievish  slaves  were  branded  on  the  forehead  with  the  letter  F  (fur). 

24.  Quern,  its  antecedent  is  the  subject  of  suadet,  implied  in  laetus. 

Inscripti,  branded  slaves.     The  eryastulum  is  the  slaves'  prison. 

35.  Mehore  luto,  Jiner  clay. 

Titan,  Prometheus,  who  was  often  considered  as  the  creator  of  man. 
Cf.  IV,  133. 

37.  Trahit,  its  object  is  reliquos. 

Orbita  means  the  track  made  by  the  wheel,  then  path,  covne. 

40.  Imitandis  turpibus  ac  pravis,  ablative  of  specification. 

41  f,  Catiline  has  many  imitators,  Brutus  and  Cato  none. 

42.  Quocumque,  any. 

Axe,  sky.    Cf.  VIII,  116  ;  Gallicus  axis. 

43.  Bruti  avunculus,  Cuto  the  Younger. 

51.  Be  dederit,  shall  shotc  himself.  For  filiut  in  the  next  line  we  might 
expect  filivm. 

53.  Omnia  does  not  modify  vestigia. 

54.  Oorripies,  u  catch  w/>,"  so  blame,  reprove. 

55.  Tabulas  mntare,  to  alter  your  will. 


196  NOTES. 

661  Frontem  may  he  the  brow  of  authority  as  Mr.  Lewis  translates  it, 
but  1  think  it  means  impudence,  as  usually.  Cf.  German  Stirne.  So  too 
forehead,  e.  g.,  With  what  forehead  do  you  speak  this  to  me?  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  Beggars'  Bush,  1,  2. 

57.  Vacuum  cerebro,  empty  of  brains. 

58.  Oucurbita,  cupping-glass,  so  called  from  the  likeness  of  its  shape  to 
that  of  a  gourd  (cf.  Fig.  77).     It  is  called  ventosa,  from  the  movement  of 
the  air  as  it  is  drawn  out  to  form  the  vacuum.     It  was  (and  is)  used  in 
diseases  of  the  brain  to  relieve  the  pressure  of  blood. 

Quaerat,  is  looking  for — i.  e.,  needs ;  subject  is  caput. 

59  S,  You  are  anxious  to  have  your  home  swept  and  garnished  when 
guests  are  expected :  have  you  no  care  that  it  should  be  morally  pure  in  the 
eyes  of  your  son  ? 

59.  Tnorum  (servorum). 
61.  Arida,  dry,  withered. 
Gum,  preposition. 

Tela,  web. 

67.  Scolris,  sawdust. 

71.  Si  facia,  if  you  bring  it  about. 

74.  Pullos,  her  young.  FIG.  77.— Cucurbita. 

76.  Sumptia  pinnis— i.  e.,  as  soon  as  they  can  fly. 

??•  Kelictis — i.  e.,  having  eaten  such  food,  the  vulture  carries  a  portion 
of  it  back  to  her  young  ones.  Of  course,  crucibm  refers  to  the  bodies  of 
criminals. 

79.  Quoque,  also. 

81.  Famulae  lovis,  the  eagle  was  the  bird  of  Jupiter. 
Generosae  aves  is  simply  another  name  for  cables. 

82.  Cubili,  the  nest. 

86.  Aedificator,  cf.  I,  94;  (Juis  totidem  erexit  villas?  X,  225;  Hor.  Epist. 
1, 1, 100. 

Oretonius,  the  orthography  of  the  name  is  doubtful.     Modo—  nuno — nnnc. 

87.  Caietae  (modern  Gaeta),  on  the  coast  of  southern  Liitium,  a  favorite 
place  for  villas. 

Tiburis.    Cf.  Ill,  192;  proni  Tiburis  arce. 

88.  Praenestinis.     Of.  Ill,  190 ;  gelida  Praeneste. 

89.  Graeda  marmoribus  j  instrumental  ablative.     The  principal  sources  of 
the  supply  of  Greek  marble,  largely  used  by  the  Romans  during  the  em- 
pire, were  Hymettus,  Pentelicus,  and  the  island  of  Paros. 

Longeqne — i.  e.,  from  Numidia,  Phrygia,  and  Egypt. 

90.  Fortunae  |  there  was  a  famous  temple  of  Fortune  at  Praeneste. 
Herculis,     Martial  mentions  the  temple  of  Hercules  at  Tibur. 

91.  Gapitoliai  for  the  plural,  cf.  X,  65 ;  due  in  C'apitolia. 
Posides  was  a  favorite  freedman  of  Olaudius. 


SATIRE  XIV. 


197 


95.  The  Roman  villas  were  often  very  extensive ;  cf.  Fig.  78. 

96  ft.  So,  too,  in  religious  matters ;  it'  the  father  has  a  leaning  toward 
Jewish  superstitions,  the  son  becomes  an  actual  convert. 

97.  I.  e.,  no  statues. 

100.  This  was  the  chief  complaint  against  the  Jews  at  Rome,  that  they 
held  themselves  bound  to  obey  the  Jewish  rather  than  the  Roman  laws. 
Some  slight  similarity  may  be  seen  in  the  alleged  recognition  by  tho 
Roman  Catholics  in  the  United  States  of  the  Church  as  a  higher  authority 
than  the  State. 


FIG.  78. — Ground-plan  of  the  so-called  villa  cubnrbana  of  Diomedes,  at  Pompeii. 
1.  Entrance  ;  2.  Peristylium  ;  3.  Tiibliinim  ;  4.  Gallery  :  5.  Oecue  ;  6.  Court ; 
7.  Crjrptnporttca* ;  8.  Court;  9.  Tcpidarium  ;  10.  Calidarium ;  11.  Sleeping- 
room;  12.  Staircase. 

103.  Monstrare  and  dedncere  (line  104)  depend  on  some  such  word  as 
sclent  implied  in  the  preceding  verbs. 

Eadem  sacra  colenti — i.  e.,  to  one  of  their  own  sect.     The  reference  is  to 
the  esoteric  churai-ti-r  of  the  Jewish  teaching. 

104.  Quaesitum  fontem — i.  e.,  tho  fountain  of  truth. 

105.  In  causa,  a  rare  use,  =  causa  (nominative). 
Lux  ignava,  a  lazy  day. 

106.  Attigit.    Most  editors  say  that  the  subject  is  pater  ;  it  seems  to  me 
that  it  is  septima  quaeque  lux. 

107.  Sponte,  of  their  own  accord. 


198  NOTES. 

108.  Quoque,  even,  modifies  inviti. 

109  ff.  For  avarice  is  called  wise  economy. 

111.  Nee  dnbie,  unhesitatingly. 

Frngi.    Cf.  Ill,  167,  note. 

114.  Hesperidum  serpensj  the  dragon  that  guarded  the  golden  apples  of 
the  Hesperides. 

Ponticus  (serpent),  the  dragon  that  guarded  the  golden  fleece. 

117,  Cf.  Hor.,  Epist.  I,  1,  65: 

"  Rem  facias,  rem, 
Si  possis,  recte,  si  non  quocumque  modo  rem." 

119.  Animi.     This  seems  to  be  a  locative,  as  in  aeger  animi,  etc.    Others 
read  animi  f  elicit. 

122.  Sectae,  sect — i.  e. ,  doctrine. 

124.  Sordes,  acts  of  meanness. 

125.  Hoz  modifies  docet. 

126,  The  food  of  slaves  was  served  out  to  them  by  measure  ;  this  man 
uses  false  measures. 

127,  Sustinet,  bear,  endure. 

129.  Minutal,  a  minced  compound,  hash. 

130.  He  saves  all  the  scraps  for  another  meal. 

131.  Lacerti,  n  coarse,  cheap  fish. 

132.  Signatam,  sealed  up,  preserved. 
Dimidio  pntrique  siluro,  a  tainted  half  shad. 

133.  Fila,  shreds  or  slices. 

Numerata — i.  e.,  after  he  has  counted  them. 

134.  Aliquis  de  ponte,  any  beggar.     Cf.  IV,  116,  dirusque  a  ponte  satelles  ; 
V,8. 

135.  Quo  =  quam  ad  rem,  so  VIII,  9. 
Divitias;  supply  hates. 

137.  Egentii  vivere  fato  is  the  subject  of  sit.    Fato  is  the  ablative  of 
manner,  egentis  supplying  the  place  of  the  adjective. 
142.  Cf.  Hor.  Sat.,  II,  6,8: 

"  O  !  si  angulus  ille 
Proximus  accedat  qui  nunc  denormat  agellum." 

144.  Densa  oliva,  cf.  densissima  lectica,  I,  120. 

145.  If  you  can  not  buy  your  neighbor's  fields,  you  turn  your  cattle  in 
among  his  growing  corn. 

146.  Famelica  (from  fames),  starved. 

148.  Novalia,  standing  crops.     Ifovale  originally  means  newly-plowed. 

151.  Venales  fecerit,  has  forced  to  be  sold. 

152.  Quam  foede  bncina  feaiae,  some  verb,  as  sonabit,  may  be  understood. 
Fama  —  common  rtport. 

153  ff.  Quid  nocfit  haec,  etc.     What  does  that  harm  me  i    I  don't  care  a 


SATIRK   XIV.  100 

bean-shell  for  the  applause  of  the  whole  county  if  I  must  gain  it  by  reaping 
small  harvests.  • 

166.  Scilicet,  etc.,  is  ironical. 

160.  Sub  Tatio—  i.  e.,  in  the  times  of  early  Rome. 

161  •  Mox,  afterward. 

Fractis  ac  passis,  indirect  objects  of  dabantur. 

162.  Gladios  Molossos,  cf.  XII,  108. 

163.  Tandem,  at  last. 

Ingera  bina,  a  little  over  an  acre. 
165.  Meritia  minor,  less  than  their  deserts. 

Ant,  etc.,  nor  that  their  country  had  been  ungrateful  and  broken  faith 
with  them. 

167.  Casae,  cottage. 

168.  Unus  vernnla.    A  single  slave-child,  who  played  about  the  house 
with  the  master's  children. 

169.  Fratribus;  dative. 

170.  Sorobe,  ditch. 

180.  Marsus  (cf.  Ill,  169),  Hernicus,  Vestinns.    These  people  all  belonged 
to  the  Sabellian  stock,  famous  tor  severity  and  simplicity. 

182.  Hoc — i.  e.,  such  a  course. 

183.  Qratae  post  munus  aristae,  etc. — i.  e.,  after  the  welcome  gift  of  grain, 
men  despised  the  acorns  that  had  been  their  former  food. 

185.  Fecissej  for  the  tense,  cf.  Ilor.  Odes,  I,  1,  4,  colltgisse  iuvat. 

186.  Per  glaciem,  through  the  winter. 
Perone,  a  rough  boot. 

187.  Inversis — i.  e.,  with  the  hair-side  in. 

188.  Qnaecnmque  est.    Purpura  =Jine  clothing,  so  he  adds,  of  any  sort. 

189.  Minoribus,  their  children. 

191.  Ceras,  writing  tablets,  coated  with  wax.     Cf.  Fi_'.  4. 

192.  Bnbras  maiorum  leges.     The  title  at  the  head  of  tin-  law  \\  ;t.-  in  red 
ink;  hence  the  laws  themselves  were  sometimes  culled  ;•.//./•/<•..•,  \\hriuv 
the  English  word  rubric. 

193.  Vitem  posce  libello,  ask  for  the  vine-stsif  (of  the  centurion,  cf.  VIII, 
247)  in  a  petition — i.  e.,  seek  a  centurion's  commission. 

194  f.  But  use  your  personal  influence  as'wcll,  nnd  be  sure  that  the 
officer  in  charge  (Laelius)  sees  what  a  great  rough  fellow  you  are. 
Buzo — i.  e.,  the  comb,  made  of  box-wood. 

195.  Alas,  shoulders. 

196.  Brigantnm ;  the  Brigantes  occupied  the  north  of  England. 

197.  Aqnilam.    The  eagle  was  curried  by  the  first  centurion  of  the  first 
cohort.     Various  forms  of  the  standard  are  shown  in  t  iff.  79. 

199.  Trepidum  solvunt  ventrem,  seems  to  refer  to  a  certain  "gone"  feel- 
ing sometimes  produced  by  fear. 


200 


NOTES. 


FIG.  79.— Roman  standards. 

201.  Pluris  dimidio,  at  more  by  half.    The  genitive  plvris  is  probably 
used  by  analogy  with  such  forms  sis  t  inti,  quanti,  which  are  really  loca- 
tive, but  came  to  be  considered  as  genitive. 

202.  Certain  trades  of  a  disagreeable  sort  (e.  g.,  tanning)  were  relegated 
to  the  less  thickly  settled  right  bank  of  the  Tiber. 

206.  love  poeta.    Poetn  almost  —  avctore. 
208.  Aspae,  nurses.     Cf.  Hor.,  Epist.  I,  4,  8. 

212  ff.  I.  e.,  your  son  thus  taught  will  outdo  you  as  Ajax  and  Achilles 
surpassed  their  fathers. 
Fraesto,  I  warrant. 

219,  Exigua  modifies  svmma. 

220.  Elatam,  home  out  to  burial.    She  is  sure  to  be  murdered  if  her 
down-  makes  it  worth  while. 

223.  Uli— i.  c.,  that  son  of  yours. 

228.  Producit,  educates. 

229.  This  line  has  no  grammatical  connection  with  the  context,  and  is 
doubtless  spurious.     Weidner  reads  conduplicandi. 

231.  Quern  refers  directly  to  curricula,  which  really  represents  the  son — 
i.  e.,  the  Uli  of  line  223. 

232.  Metis  j  the  met  it  were  the  conical  posts  set  up  at  each  end  of  the 
tpiii't  or  dividing  wall  in  the  circus.     Cf.  Fig.  80. 

235,  Stultnm — i.  c.,  esse  turn. 

237.  Circnmscribere,  to  cheat. 

239.  Quantns  implies  tnntus. 

Decionim.     Cf.  V11I,  ^54;  plebeiat  De  riorum  animae. 


SATIRK  XIV. 


201 


240.  Si  Graecia  vera,  if  (freece  ttll*  tht  truth.    Cf.   X,  174;    Graecia 
iiletiil'l.r. 

Menoeceus  is  said  to  have  given  his  lite  for  Thebes. 

241.  Quorum — i.  e.,  Thel>aitoruw.    The  Thebans  sprang  from  the  dragon's 
teeth  sown  by  Cadmus.     Cf.  Ovid,  Metaph.  Ill,  104  ft. 

247.  Alumnus,  originally  a  participle  from  alo. 

248.  Matfiematicis,  dative. 

249.  Colus,  ticc.  pi.  fern. 

251.  Cervinai  the  sta#,  like  the  crow,  was  proverbial  for  long  life. 

252.  Archigeuen.     Cf.  XIII,  97;  «t  won  eget  Archigene. 

Mithridates  was  said  to  liave  comi>ounded  a  very  efficacious  antidote  to 
poisons,  and  to  have  taken  so  much  of  it  that  when  he  wanted  to  poison 
himself  he  could  not. 

253.  Aliam  decerpere  fioum—  i.  e.,  to  see  another  autumn. 

254.  Medicamen— i.  e.,  as  preventive  antidote. 

257.  Aequare,  compare. 

258.  Quanto  capitis  discrimine,  what  danger  of  Itfe. 

260.  Fiscua  is  here  used  in  a  general  sense  for  money. 

Ad  vigilem  Castora.  The  temple  of  Castor  was  used  as  a  safe-deposit 
building. 

261.  Ex  quo,  since.    The  temple  of  Mars  seems  to  have  been  either 
robbed  or  burned. 


Fie.  80.— Circus  M&xiraus  at  Rome. 


202  NOTES. 

262  f.  Florae,  Cereris,  Cybeles.  The  games  referred  to,  accompanied  by 
dramatic  representations,  occurred  on  the  following  dates :  The  Floralia, 
April  28-May  3 ;  the  Cerealia,  April  12-19 ;  the  Megalesia  (cf.  XI,  193), 
April  3-10. 

265  £  Your  struggles  to  gain  wealth  are  as  amusing  as  those  of  a 
gymnast. 

265.  Petauro.     The   petaurus  was   probably   some  sort  of  a  spring- 
board. 

266.  Eectum  funem,  tight-rope.     Cf.  Fig.  14. 

267.  Corycia.    Corycus  was  a  promontory  in  Cilicia,  famous  for  saffron, 
which  seems  to  be  meant  by  sacci  olentis  (line  269). 

268.  ToUendus,  tossed  about. 

269.  Perditus,  desperate,  reckless. 

270.  Pingue  passum,  rich  raisin-wine. 

271.  MunitipeB  lovis;  Jupiter  was  said  to  have  been  born  in  Crete.     Ac- 
cording to  another  legend,  he  was  hidden  in  a  cave  on  Mount  Ida  in  that 
island.     Cf.  XIII,  41 ;  Idaeis  Ivppiter  antris. 

272.  Hie,  the  rope-dancer. 

Ancipiti  planta,  doubtful,  hesitating  foot. 

273.  Brnmamqne  famemque  are  the  objects  of  cavet. 
276.  Plus  hominum,  the  greater  part  of  mankind. 

278.  Carpathian!.     Carpathos  was  an  island  between  Crete  and  Rhodes. 
Qaetula,  used  for  the  African  coast. 

279.  Calpe,  Gibraltar. 

280.  Herculeo  gurgite — i.  e.,  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  where  it  was  thought 
the  sun  sank  beneath  the  waves  and  hissed  a*  it  sank. 

281.  Tenso  folle,  with  full  purse. 

282.  Aluta,  money-bay. 

283.  Invenea  marinos— i.  e.,  the  mermen. 

284  ff.  Madness  does  not  always  show  itself  in  the  same  way :  Orestes 
fancies  he  sees  the  Eumenides,  Ajax  thinks  he  hears  Agamemnon  and 
Ulysses ;  so  a  man  may  need  a  keeper  even  though  he  does  not  tear  his 
clothes. 

289.  Tabula  (cf.  XII,  58 ;  dolato  ligno)  is  ablative  of  instrument ;  unda 
ablative  of  separation. 

291.  A  contemptuous  description  of  money. 

294.  Fascia  nigra,  black  belt  (of  clouds). 

295.  Aestivnm  tonat ;  it  is  only  summer  thunder. 

297.  He  swims  with  his  right  hand  and  holds  his  girdle  (zonam),  con 
taining  his  money,  in  his  left  hand  and  his  teeth. 

298.  Modo,/ws<  now — i.  e.,  a  few  hours  ago. 
Suffecerat  )  notice  the  tense. 

299.  Tagus.    Cf.  Ill,  55 ;  omnis  harena  Tagi. 


SATIRE  XIV.  203 

Pactolns,  in  Lydia ;  like  the  Tagus,  it  was  supposed  to  have  gold  in  the 
sand  of  its  bed. 

300.  Sufficient  j  ei  is  understood  as  indirect  object,  the  subject  Is  panni. 

302,  Picta  tempestate.  Cf.  XII,  27,  note.  A  rude  picture  of  the  ship- 
wreck was  carried  about  to  excite  pity. 

305.  Anna,. fire-buckets. 

306.  Licinus,    Cf.  I,  109 ;  possideo  plus  Pallante  et  Licinis. 
Attonitus,  anxious. 

307.  Electro,  amber. 

308.  Testudine.    Cf.  XI,  94 ;  qualis  testudo  nataret. 

Delia,  jars  (made  of  clay).  They  were  sometimes  very  large,  having  a 
capacity  of  several  barrels.  Fragments  three  inches  thick  have  been  found 
at  Antium.  Diogenes,  the  Cynic,  is  said  to  have  used  a  dolinm  as  a  house. 
When  Alexander  the  Great  saw  him  he  pitied  his  poverty  and  told  him  to 
express  some  wish  that  he  might  grant  it.  Diogenes  asked  only  that  the 
great  ruler  would  stand  out  of  his  light. 

Nudij  perhaps  because  the  Cynics  did  not  wear  the  tunic.  Cf.  XIII, 
122;  a  Ci/nicis  tunica  distantia. 

310.  Flnmbo  oommissa,  patched  up  with  lead. 

311.  Ula  refers,  as  often,  to  something  well  known. 
315.  This  line  occurs  X,  365. 

318.  In  quantum;  for  the  usual  prose  construction  quantum;  cf.  English, 
to  ask  a  reward,  and  to  ask  for  a  reward. 

319.  Epicurus  is  said  to  have  gathered  his  scholars  about  him  in  his 
garden;  the  Epicurean  school  of  philosophy  is   sometimes  called   "the 
Garden,"  as  the  Stoic  is  called  "  the  Porch."    Cf.  XIII,  120  ff. 

320.  Ante,  temporal  adverb.     Socrates  died  399  B.  o.,  Epicurus  270  B.  o. 

321.  Nature  and  true  philosophy  always  teach  the  same  lesson. 

322.  Te  clndere,  to  hem  you  in. 

323.  Effice,  procure. 

324.  Bis  septem  ordinibns — i.  c.,  for  the  knights,  who  occupied  the  first 
fourteen  rows  of  seats  in  the  theatre,  in  accordance  with  the  law  of  Otho, 
passed  65  B.  c.     Cf.  Hor.  Epist.  1,  1,  67. 

Dignatur,  thinks  fitting. 

325.  If  you  frown  and  pout  at  this. 

326.  Dnos  eqnites— i.  o.,  two  equestrian  fortunes. 

329.  Narcissi.  The  favorite  t'reedman  of  Claudius.  His  wealth  was 
proverbial.  He  gained  such  control  of  his  imperial  master,  that  Claudius 
had  Messalina  put  to  death  at  his  bidding. 


204  NOTES. 

SATIRE  XV. 

A   CASE   OF   CANNIBALISM. 

INTRODUCTION. — The  superstitions  of  the  Egyptians  are  well  known; 
they  revere  certain  animals  and  abstain  from  certain  vegetables,  but  they 
eat  human  flesh.  When  Ulysses  told  his  stories  of  cannibals,  they  were 
thought  incredible,  but  I  have  such  a  tale  of  recent  times.  Ombi  and 
Tentyra  were  waging  a  religious  war.  The  Om  bites  were  attacked  in  the 
midst  of  a  festival  by  their  enemies;  first  their'fists  were  their  weapons, 
then  they  hurled  such  stones  as  the  weak  muscles  of  the  present  race  of 
men  can  lift,  then  swords  and  arrows  are  used.  One  man  as  he  falls  in 
flight  is  seized  and  his  flesh  devoured.  True,  the  Vascones  ate  human 
flesh  when  a  long  siege  had  brought  famine,  but  that  was  before  the  philos- 
ophy of  Zeno  had  taught  men  that  some  things  are  worse  than  even  death. 
Other  peoples  of  whom  like  tales  are  told  had  excuse,  but  this  Egyptian 
tribe  bad  none.  Nature  teaches  men  mercy  and  pity,  thus  they  are  dis- 
tinguished from  the  beasts.  This  common  sympathy  holds  peoples  to- 
gether, but  now  it  seems  that  men  may  be  more  cruel  than  the  beasts 
themselves.  What  would  Pythagoras  have  said  to  such  a  tale  ? 

It  Volnsi,  unknown. 

2,  Crocodilon,  Cicero,  de  Nat.  Deor.  I,  36,  mentions  the  crocodile  among 
the  objects  of  Egyptian  animal-worship  ;  he  says  of  the  ibis,  "  Ibes  maxi- 
mam  vim  serpentium  conficiunt." 

4,  Cercopitheci,  long-tailed  ape. 

5.  Dimidio  Memnone.    The  Greeks  related  that  music  proceeded  from  the 
colossal  statue  of  Memnon  at  sunrise.     For  dimidio,  cf.  VIII,  4. 

61  Thebe,  nom.  sing.     The  usual  form  is  Thebae. 

Centum  portis ;  ablative  of  characteristic. 

7.  Aeluros,  cats.  I  have  not  ventured  to  change  the  text,  but  am  strongly 
inclined  to  think  that  the  reading  of  the  MSS.  caeruleos  (=  sea-Jish)  [P.  has 
aeruleos]  is  correct. 

9.  Gaepe,  onion. 

15.  Alcinoo.     When  Ulysses  was  telling  his  adventures  at  the  court  of 
Alcinous,  king  of  the  Phaeacians,  and  described  the  cannibal  Laestrygoues 
and  Cyclopes,  some  of  his  hearers  declared  they  were  ready  to  believe  all 
his  other  adventures  more  readily  than  these. 

16.  Moverat — i.  e.,  had  roused,  even  while  he  was  sjtcaking. 
Aretalogus,  used  of  a  degenerate,  parasitic  philosopher,  it  came  to  mean 

boaster,  babbler. 

19.  Gonoorrentia,  clashing. 


SATIRE  XV.  205 

20,  Cyaaeis  (fiuctibn*)  is  probably  dative.     The  Cyaneae  were  islands 
in  tin;  Bosporus. 

21,  Percussnm  agrees  with  Eljieiiora. 
Circes,  genitive. 

22,  Some  of  Ulysses's  companions  were  changed  to  swine  by  the  wand 
of  Circe. 

24.  Minimum  temetura,  very  little  wine. 

27.  Nuper  cousule  luuco.    lunuus  was  consul  127  A.  n. 

28.  Super,  above — i.  c.,  higher  up  the  river. 

Copti.    Coptos  was  near  the  Nile,  about  ten  miles  north  of  Thebes. 

29.  Cothurnis— i.  e.,  than  the  terrible  deeds  of  tlie  tragic  drama.    Ct 
Fig.  33. 

30.  A  Pyrrha — i.  e.,  from  the  time  of  the  flood.     Cf.  I,  81,  note. 
Syrmata,  tragic  robes  —  tragedies. 

33.  Finitimos,  neighbors ;  but  O'mbi  and  Tentyra  were  about  one  hun- 
dred miles  apart.  Perhaps  Juvenal  made  a  mistake,  and  perhaps  he  did 
not  intend  to  be  exact. 

Simultas,  feud. 

36.  Volgo,  dative. 

40.  Primoribus  ao  ducibus,  dative. 

42.  Sentirent,  subject  is  their  neighbors. 

43.  Pervigili  tore.    Cf.  VIII,  158,  and  Fig.  8. 
Quern;  its  antecedent  is  toro. 

44.  Horrida  sane,  etc.     These  lines  are  au- 
thority for  the  statement  that  Juvenal  had 
visited  Kgypt. 

46.  Barbara  turba,   the  barbaritm  horde —  PJQ  81  _Tibicen. 
1.  e.,  the  Egyptians  in  general. 

Canopo,  a  town  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nile,  famous  for  dissolute  luxury. 

47.  Adde  connects  what  follows  with  line  40. 

48.  Blaesis,  properly  used  of  persons  that  lisp,  applies  here  to  those 
whose  utterance  was  thick  from  intoxication. 

lude,  among  the  one  people  ;  Hinc  (line  51),  among  the  other. 

49.  Tibicine.     Cf.  Fig.  81. 

52.  Tuba  =  signal,  so  beginning.    Cf.  I,  169. 

54.  Make,  cheeks. 

55,  Viz  cuiquam  aut  nulli,  scarcely  any  one,  or  (rather)  no  out. 
57.  Alias — i.  e.,  changed,  unrecognizable. 

60.  Calcent.     Why  not  indicative  < 

61.  Quo,  to  what  purpose. 

63.  Incliuatis  lacertis— i.  e.,  stooping  down. 

65.  Turnus  et  Aiax;  these  ancient  heroes  hurled  mighty  rocks. 

66.  Tydides,  Diomedes. 


206  NOTES. 

72.  A  deverticulo,  after  this  digression*. 

73.  Aucti  and  pars  altera  refer  to  the  same  party — i.  e.,  the  Ombites. 

75.  Praeatant,  its  subject  is  ii,  to  be  supplied  as  the  antecedent  of  qui  in 
line  76. 

82.  Veribus,  spits. 

Usque  adeo,  so  very. 

84.  Hie,  adverb. 

86.  Te— i.  e.,  Volusius;  others  make  it  refer  to  the  fire. 

88.  SuBtinuit.    Cf.  English,  "  I  can  not  bear  to  do  it,"  and  XIV,  127. 

90.  Frima  gnla,  the  first  palate — i.  e.,  the  first  one  that  tasted  the  dread- 
ful food. 

93.  Vascones,  the  Basques.    The  inhabitants  of  Calagurris  were  reduced 
by  famine  to  cannibalism. 

94.  Produxere  animas  =  produxere  vitam. 

95.  Bellorum  ultima,  the  extremities  of  war. 
Casus  ertremi,  the  climax  of  misfortune. 

97.  Huius,  such. 

Quod  nunc  agitnr — i.  e.,  when  men  are  driven  to  it  by  famine.  The 
antecedent  of  quod  is  exemplum  ;  agere  means  to  trtat  of. 

98.  ffiout,  as,  for  instance. 
Mihi,  dative  of  apparent  agent. 
Gens,  subject  of  lacerabant. 

100,  Hostibus — miserantibus,  ablative  absolute. 
102.  Ease,  from  edo. 

104.  Urbibus;  this  seems  to  be  the  reading  of  the  best  MS.,  and  is  cer- 
tainly better  than  viribus  or  ventribus. 

105.  Quibus  =  iis  quibvs. 

108.  Bed  Cantaber,  etc. — i.  e.,  how  can  we  expect  Zeno's  stern  philosophy 
from  the  Cantabrians,  especially  in  ancient  times? 

109.  Metelli.    Q.  Metellus  Pius  fought  against  Sertorius  in  Spain. 
110  ff.  In  these  times  culture  extends  over  the  whole  world. 

110.  Nostras  Athenas  =  Romam. 

112.  Thyle  stands  for  the  northern  limit  of  the  world. 

113.  Nobilis  ille  popnlua— i.  e.,  Calagurris. 

114.  Zacynthos  (commonly  Saguntum),  u  town  in  Spain,  the  attack  upon 
which  by  Hannibal  was  the  ostensible  cause  of  the  second  Punic  war. 

115.  Tale,  habet  must  be  understood ;   its  subject  as  well  as  that  of 
excusat  is  populus-et- Zacynthos. 

ExcuBat  =  allege  in  excuse. 

Maeotide  ara.  Diana  had  an  altar  in  the  Tauric  Chersonese,  on  which 
shipwrecked  strangers  were  sacrificed. 

117.  Ut  iam— credas.    Cf.  XIV,  240 ;  X,  174. 
Carmina  is  nominative. 


SATIRE  XV. 


207 


119i  Modo  is  variously  explained.     I  think  it  IB  temporal  =just  now. 
120.  Hos,  the  Egyptians. 

122.  Terra  Memphitide  sicca — i.  e.,  if  the  land  of  Memphis  were  oppressed 
with  drought. 

123.  Invidiam,  insult.     Could  they 
offer  greater  insult  to  the  Nile  under 
the  greatest  provocation  than  to  com- 
mit such  a  crime  ?  FIG.  Si. — Phaselus. 

124.  Qua— i.  e.,  rabie. 

125.  Sauromatae  and  Agathyrsd,  Scythian  tribes. 

127.  Fictilibus  phaselis.    Some  of  the  Egyptian  boats  were  made  of  a 
sort  of  clay ;  were  shaped  like  a  bean  (phaselus,  cf.  Figs.  82  and  83),  and 
gaudily  painted. 

128.  Pictae  testae,  used  contemptuously  of  such  a  boat  as  those  de- 
scribed above. 

134.  Causam  dicentis,  pleading  his  case.  Squalorem  refers  to  the  custom 
of  a  defendant  putting  on  a  mourning  garment.  With  this  reading  amid 
and  rei  both  depend  on  squalor  em.  Others  with  less  authority  read  casum 
lugtntis. 

136.  Circumscriptorem,  a  technical  term  for  an  unfaithful  guardian.     Cf. 
XIV,  237. 

Cuiua,  antecedent  is  pupillum. 

137.  Puellares  capilli.    Boys  wore  tbeir  hair  long  until  they  put  on  the 
toga  iiiriUs. 


FIG.  83. — Egyptian  phaselus. 

Incerta  j  the  boy  is  so  young  that  his  long  hair  makes  him  look  like  a 
girl. 

140.  Minor  igne  rogi,  too  small  for  the  funeral  pyre.  The  bodies  of  very 
young  children  were  buried  not  burned.  For  the  construction,  cf.  Itttut 
Procula  minor.  III,  203. 

Face  dignns  arcana.  In  the  Eleusinian  mysteries  there  was  a  procession 
with  torches. 

15 


208  NOTES. 

141.  Such  as  the  priest  of  Ceres  wishes  him  to  oe—\.  e.,  pure  and  good. 

142.  Aliena  sibi,  foreign,  of  no  interest  to  Aim ;  so  Terence  Ifaut.  77, 
huma/ti  nil  a  me  alien um  puto. 

143.  VenerabUe  may  mean  "reverential"  (Macleane),  but  there  seems 
little  authority  for  the  use. 

Soli,  we  (i.  e.,  men)  alone. 

147.  Guius,  ite  antecedent  is  sensttm. 

Prona,  etc. — i.  e.,  beasts. 

149.  Animas  -animum.     Anima  =  life  ;  animus  =  intellect. 

152.  Proavis,  dative  of  apparent  agent. 

156i  Nutantem,  staggering. 

157,  Defendier,  archaic  form  of  the  infinitive  defendi. 

159,  But  men  have  less  kindliness  toward  each  other  than  the  brutes 
themselves. 

160.  Cf.  Hor.  Epod.  VII,  11. 

164.  Convenit,  impersonal. 
Ursis,  dative. 

165.  Fernun  letale,  death-dealing  weapon. 

166.  Parnm  est,  it  is  not  enough. 
Cum,  although. 

167.  Coquere,  to  forge. 

168.  Extenders,  has  about  the  force  of  producere  above. 

171.  Crediderint.     Weidner  says  that  sed  crediderint  seems  to  stand  for 
ted  qui  crediderint. 

173.  Pythagoras  was  a  strict  vegetarian. 

174,  Indulsit,  permitted. 


SATIRE  XVI. 

THE   ADVANTAGES    OF    MILITARY   LIFE. 

INTRODUCTION. — Great  are  the  prizes  of  the  soldier  that  is  born  under  a 
lucky  star.  He  may  beat  his  civilian  enemy  without  fear  of  justice,  for, 
though  the  centurion  may  hear  the  complaint,  his  fellow-soldiers  will  sec 
to  it  that  their  comrade's  accuser  is  made  to  smart  for  bis  temerity.  Then, 
too,  it  is  easier  to  find  men  that  will  give  false  witness  in  a  civil  court  than 
those  that  will  witness  to  the  truth  against  a  soldier.  Civilians  must  wait 
the  law's  delay ;  the  soldier's  case  is  speedily  tried.  Another  of  his  ad- 
vantages is  that  he  may  dispose  of  his  own  property  without  his  father's 
control,  so  that  a  rich  soldier  may  have  his  own  father  for  a  legacy-hunter. 
His  promotion,  too,  is  in  accordance  with  his  deserts,  for  it  is  the  general's 
interest  that  the  bravest  be  advanced. 


SATIRE  XVI. 


209 


1.  Galli,  some  unknown  friend  of  Juvenal. 

2.  Subeuntur,  subire  —  enter. 
Oaatra.    Of.  Figs.  84  and  85. 

3.  Excipiat,  optative  subjunctive. 
Secundo  sidere  =  under  favorable  aunpictt, 
6.  Genetrix,  Juno  had  a  temple  at  Samos. 
81  Ne,  quod  non  would  be  more  usual. 
Togatus,  civilian. 

10,  EXCUESOS  -dentes,    Of.  Ill,  301. 

11,  Offam,  a  bruise. 

12,  Medico  nil  promittente—i.  e.,  the  physician  gives  no  assurance  of 
recovery. 

Kelictum  modifies  oculum. 

13,  Bardaicus  iudex,  etc.    If  a  civilian  seeks  redress  against  a  soldier,  he 


Flo.  84.— Plan  of  Roman  fortified  camp.    A.  Ports  praetoria;  D.  Porta  decnumna; 
F.  Praetorium. 


210 


NOTES. 


FIG.  85.— Rnins  of  a  Roman  camp- at  Gamzigrad,  in  Servia. 

has  a  rough  centurion  for  judge.  Bardaicus  is  an  adjective,  said  to  be  de- 
rived from  Bardaei,  an  Illyrian  people  that  used  a  heavy,  coarse  boot. 

14.  Grandes,  etc.,  refers  to  the  size  of  the  centurion. 

15.  More  Oamilli.    L.  Furius  Camillus  during  the  siege  of  Veil  (405-396 
B.  o.)  kept  the  soldiers  under  arms  all  the  year  round.     There  is  no  his- 
torical account  of  such  a  special  rule  as  is  here  referred  to. 

17.  It  is  quite  just  then  that  centurions  should  be  judges  where  soldiers 
are  concerned,  and  doubtless  I,  as  a  civilian,  shall  receive  redress;  but  I 
shall  make  enemies  of  all  his  fellow-soldiers,  and  they  will  see  to  it  that 
the  revenge  I  obtain  brings  consequences  worse  than  the  original  harm. 

20.  Chore;  Weidner  says  this  form  is  used  for  cohort,  in  contempt. 

21.  Curabilis,  needing  remedy — i.  e.,  severe. 

23.  Mnlino  corde,  asinine  intellect. 
Vagelli,  unknown. 

24.  Oum  duo  crnra  habeas,  etc.     These  words  are  variously  explained : 
With  all  your  injuries  you  have  two  sound  legs  left,  don't  risk  them  against 

to  many  soldier^  boots  ;  or  you  have  two  legs  (to  run.  away  with) ;  or  since 
you  have  only  two  legs,  don't  try  conclusions  with  so  many.  1  think  the 
last  is  preferable. 

25.  Clavonun,  Juvenal  speaks  of  the  heavy  nails  in  the  soldiers'  boots, 
III,  248. 

Quis,  etc. — i.  e.,  as  a  witness. 

Procral  must  be  ironical,  for  the  Praetorian  camp  which  "seems  to  be 
meant  was  close  to  the  city.  Cf.  V,  153,  note. 


SATIRE   XVI. 


211 


26.  Pylades.  The  friendship  between  Pylades  and  Orestes  was  pro- 
verbial, like  that,  between  Damon  and  I'ythias. 

29.  Da  testem,  firoduce  your  witites*  ;  so  III,  137. 

31.  Dignum,  etc. — i.  e.,  phenomenally  brave  and  loyal.  The  ancient 
Romans  wore  beard  and  hair  long ;  cf.  capillato  consule,  V,  30. 

33.  Fagannm,  villayer  and  so  civilian. 

34.  Pudorem,  honor,  good  name. 

35  ff.  The  soldier  has  another  advantage  in  that  bis  lawsuit  is  settled 
quickly,  while  that  of  a  civilian  is  drawn  out  by  tedious  delays. 

36.  Sacramentorum  almost  =  militum.  The  sacramentum  was  the  oath 
of  allegiance  taken  by  the  soldier. 

38.  Sacrum  saxum,  the  boundary  stone. 

39.  I.  e.,  where  I  have  sacrificed  every 
year,  at  the  feast  of  the   Termiiialia,  on 
the  23d  of  February. 

40.  Pergit  non  reddere,  insists  upon  not 
returning. 

41.  Cf.  XIII.  137. 

42.  Qui  lites  iuchoet,  which  bet/ins  the 
lawsuits  of  a  ivhale  people — i.  e.,  a  civilian's 
suit  must  wait  a  whole  year  before  it  is 
even  reached  on  the  docket. 

44.  Subsellia,  judicial  benches,  cf.  1.  14. 
Tantum  sternuntur,  are  only  spread  with 
coverings — i.  c.,  not  actually  used. 

47.  Lenta  fori  harena,  the  tedious  arena 
of  the  court. 

48.  Balteus,  ^word-belt.    Cf.  Fig.  86. 

50.  Suf&amine,  drag-chain.     Cf.   VIII, 
148,  rotnm  astrinijit  sufflamine. 

51,  The  soldier  is  also  free  from  some  forms  of  the  patria  potestas — e.  g., 
he  may  dispose  of  his  own  property  even  during  the  lifetime  of  his  father. 

63.  Plaouit,  it  has  been  decided.     Census,  property  ;  genitive. 

56.  Captat,  pays  court  to.     Cf.  X,  202.     Hunc  refers  to  Coranus. 

Favor.  The  MSS.  all  have  labor,  but  it  seems  inexplicable.  Favor  is 
Ruperti's  conjecture.  Favor  aequus  is  the  favor  he  has  earned. 

57,  Et  pulchro,  etc.,  seems  to  mean,  makes  his  toil  sweet  by  giring  it  itt 
deserved  rewards. 

58i  Eeferre  (with  the  genitive),  to  be  advantageous  to. 
60.  Phaleris  |  phalera  seems  to  have  been  used  for  a  necklace  aa  well 
as  for  a  part  of  the  ornamental  trappings  of  the  war-horse.     Of.  Fig.  61. 
Torquibus,  a  gold  collar,  or  neck-chain.     Cf.  Fig.  41. 
The  fragment  emls  abruptly  ;  the  last  sentence  is  incomplete. 


Fio.  86.— Soldier  wearing  the 
bulteus. 


LIST    OF    PASSAGES    IN    WHICH    THE 

PRESENT  EDITION  DIFFERS  FROM 

BtCHELER'S   TEXT. 


I.     122. 
III.       38. 

praegnans 
et  cur  non  omnia  ? 

B. 

praegnas 
et  cur  non  ?  onima 

218. 

Phaecasiatorum 

Ilaec  Asianorum 

IV.      67. 
V.      38. 

siiiriiuiu 
berullo 

sagina 
berullos 

39. 

42. 

phi  alas 
illic 

phiala 
illi 

116. 
169. 

fumat 
iacetis 

spumat 
tacetis 

VII.       16. 

40. 

Gallia 
maculosaa 

gallica 
Maculonia 

114. 

Lacernae 

Lacertae 

121. 
134. 

lagonae, 
stlataria 

lagonae. 
stlattaria 

136. 

illia 

illi 

159. 

laevae 

laeva 

165. 
198. 

quod 
fles 

quid 
flat 

V11I.       68. 
90. 
112. 

primum 
regum 
nun 

privum 
rerum 
ban 

162. 
176. 
207. 
234. 

Cyanis 
Galli 
credaraus  tunicae 
Bracatorum 

Cyane 

galli 
credamus,  tunicae 
bracatorum 

239. 
X.       54. 
150. 
193. 

gente 
vel 
altosque 
pendent!  sque 

monte 
quae 
aliosque 
pendentesque 

DIFFERENCES   FROM   BtfCHELER. 


213 


XL 

55.  effugientem 
57.  vel 

B. 

et  fugientem 
nee 

XII. 

82.  arbori 

arboris 

116.  et 

aut 

XIII. 

65.  miranti 

inirandis 

224.  exanimes 

exanimis 

XIV. 

16.  atque 
17.  putat 
24.  inscripti,  erpastula 
47.  reverentia.     Si  quid-ne 
119.  felices 

Utque 
putet 
inscripta,  crgastals 
reverentia,  si  quid-nee 
felicis 

152.  foede 

foedae 

217.  longi 
254.  rosas.     Mcdicamen 

longae 
rosas,  medicamen 

296.  cadit 

cadet 

XV. 

75.  praestant,  instantibus  Ombis 

praestantibus  omnibus  installs 

INDEX   OF   PROPER  NAMES. 


Acestes,  VII,  235. 

Achaei,  III,  61. 

Achilles,  I,  163;    VII,  210;    VIII, 

271 ;  X,  256  ;  XI,  30  ;  XIV,  214. 
Acilius,  IV,  94. 
Aeacus,  1, 10. 
Aeacides,  VIII,  270. 
Aegueus,  XIII,  81,  246. 
Acgyptos,  XV,  2,  45,  116. 
Aegyptius,  I,  130. 
Aemiliani,  VIII,  3. 
Aemilius,  VII,  124. 
Aeneas,  1, 162  ;  V,  139  ;  XV,  67. 
Aeoliac  rupes,  I,  8  ;  X,  181. 
Aethiops,  VIII,  33  ;  X,  150. 
AJer,  V,  152  ;  VIII,  120  ;  XI,  142. 
Africa,  VII,  149;  X,  148. 
Agamemnon,  XIV,  286. 
Agametiinonidcs,  VIII,  215. 
Aganippe,  VII,  6. 
Agathyrsi,  XV,  125. 
A-ave,  VII,  87. 
Aiax,  VII,  115;  X,  84;  XIV,  213; 

XV,  65. 

Alabanda,  111,  70. 
Alba,  IV,  fl. 
Albanus,  IV,  100, 145 ;  V,  33 ;  XIII, 

214. 

Albina,  III,  130. 
Alcinous,  XV,  15. 
A'cithoe,  VJI,  12. 


Alexander  (Pellaeus  tuvenis),  X,  168 ; 

XIV,  311. 

Allcdius,  V,  118.  • 

Allobrox,  VII,  214. 
Allobrogici,  VIII,  13. 
Alpcs,  X,  166;  XIII,  162. 
Amydon,  III,  69. 
Anchemolus,  VII,  235. 
Anchises,  VII,  234. 
Ancon,  IV,  40. 
Ancus,  V,  57. 
Andros,  III,  70. 
Antaeus,  III,  89. 
Anticyra,  XIII,  97. 
Antigone,  VIII,  2<J9. 
Antilochus,  X,  253. 
Antiochus,  III,  98. 
Antiphatcs,  XIV,  20. 
Antonius,  VIII,  105;  X,  123. 
Aonidae,  VII,  59. 
Apicius,  XI,  3. 

Apollo,  I,  128;  VII,  37;  XIII,  203. 
Aquinum,  III,  319. 
Arabarches,  I,  130. 
Arcadicus,  VII,  160. 
Archigenes,  XIII,  98;  XIV,  252. 
Aricinus,  IV,  117. 
Armenia,  VIII,  169. 
Annillatus,  IV,  53. 
Arpinas,  VIII,  237,  245. 
Artorius,  III,  29. 


INDEX   OF   PROPER  N  A. Ml  IS. 


215 


Arviragus,  IV,  127. 

Asia,  V,  56 ;  X,  266. 

Asiani,  VII,  14. 

Assaracus,  X,  259. 

Asturicus,  III,  212. 

Athcnae,  III,  80;  VII,  205 ;  X,  127; 

XV,  110. 
Athos,  X,  174. 
Atlas,    VIII,    32;    XI,    24;   XIII, 

48. 

Atrcus,  VII,  73. 
Atrides,  IV,  65. 
Atticus,  XI,  I. 
Aventinus,  III,  85. 
Augustus  (mensis),  III,  9. 
Augustus  ( priticeps),  X,  77. 
Aurelia,  V,  98. 
Aurora,  X,  2. 
Aurunca,  I,  20. 
Auster,  IV,  59;  V,  100;  XII,  69; 

XIV,  268. 
Automedon,  I,  61. 

Bneticus,  XII,  42. 
Baiae,  III,  4;  XI,  49. 
Baiana,  XII,  80. 
Barduicus,  XVI,  13. 
Barea,  III,  116;  VII,  91. 
Basilus,  VII,  145. 
Batavi,  VIII,  51. 
Bellona,  IV,  124. 
Bencventanus,  V,  46. 
Bithynus,  VII,  15;  X,  162. 
Bithynicus,  XV,  1. 
Blaudus,  VIII,  40. 
Boccar,  V,  90. 
Bootes,  V,  23. 
Bracati,  VIII,  234. 
Brijruntes,  XIV,  196. 
Britannus,  IV,  126  ;  XV,  111. 
Britannicus,  X,  14. 
Brittones,  XV,  124. 
Bruttidius,  X,  83. 


Brutus,  IV,  103;  V,  37;  VIII,  182; 
XIV,  43. 

Cacus,  V,  125. 

Caedicius,  XIII,  197  ;  XVI,  46. 
Caesar,  IV,  51,  135;  V,  4 ;  VII,  1 ; 
.    VIII,    171  ;    X,    86 ;    XII,    106 ; 

XIV,  330. 
Caicta,  XIV,  87.     ' 
Calenum,  I,  69  (sc.  vinum). 
Calpe,  XIV,  279. 
Calvinus,  XIII,  5. 
Camcnae,  III,  16;  VII,  2. 
Camerinus,  VII,  90 ;  VIII,  88. 
Camillas,  XVI,  15. 
Campania,  X,  283. 

Cannae,  VII,  163  ;  X,  165  ;  XI,  200. 
Canopus,  I,  26  ;  XV,  46. 
Cantaber,  XV,  108. 
Capena,  III,  11. 
Capito,  VIII,  93. 
Capitolia,  X,  65 ;  XIV,  91. 
Cappadocea,  VII,  15. 
Capreac,  X,  72,  93. 
Carpatlnum,  XIV,  278. 
Currinas,  VII,  205. 
Carthago,  X,  277. 
Carus,  I,  36. 
Cassandra,  X,  262. 
Cassius,  V,  £7. 

Castor,  XIII,  152  ;  XIV,  260. 
Catilina,  VIII,  231 ;  X,  28J ;  XIV,  41. 
Catincnsis,  VIII,  16. 
Cato,  XI,  90. 
Catullus,  IV,  113;  VIII,  186;  XII, 

29,  37,  93;  XIII,  111. 
Catulus,  III,  80. 
Cecropides,  VIII,  46,  58. 
Celadus,  VII,  215. 
Celacuo,  VIII,  130. 
Ceres,  III,  820  ;  X,  112  ;  XIV,  219, 

263;  XV,  141. 
Cethegus,  VIII,  231 ;  X,  Mt 


216 


INDEX  OF  PROPER  NAMES. 


Chaerippus,  VIII,  95. 

Chaldaeus,  X,  94. 

Charybdis,  V,  102;  XV,  17. 

Chatti,  IV,  147. 

Ohiro,  III,  205. 

Chrysippus,  XIII,  184. 

Chrysogouus,  VII,  176. 

Cicero,  VII,  139,   214;  VIII,  244; 

X,  114. 

Cilix,  IV,  121 ;  VIII,  94. 
Cimbri,  VIII,  249 ;  XV,  124. 
Circe,  XV,  21. 
Circeii,  IV,  140. 
Cirrha,  VII,  64. 
Cirrhaeus,  XIII,  79. 
Claudius,  V,  147 ;  XIV,  330. 
Clio,  VII,  7. 
Clitumnus,  XII,  13. 
Cluvienus,  I,  80. 
Codes,  VIII,  264. 
Codrus,  III,  203,  208. 
Concordia,  I,  116. 
Coptus,  XV,  28. 
Coranus,  XVI,  54. 
Corbulo,  III,  251. 
Corcyraeus,  XV,  25. 
Cordus,  I,  2. 

Corinthos,  VIII,  113, 197. 
Corsica,  V,  92. 
Corus,  X,  180 ;  XIV,  268. 
Corvinus,  1, 108 ;  VIII,  5 ;  XII,  1, 93. 
Corybas,  V,  25. 
Corycius,  XIV,  267. 
Coryphaeus,  VIII,  62. 
Cosmus,  VIII,  86. 
Cossus,  III,  184 ;  VIII,  21 ;  X,  202. 
Cotta,  V,  109  ;  VII,  95. 
Cous,  VIII,  101. 
Crassus,  X,  108. 
Creta,  XIV,  270. 
Creticus,  VIII,  38. 
Cretonius,  XIV,  86,  92. 
Crispus,  IV,  81. 


Croesus,  X,  274 ;  XIV,  328. 

Cumae,  III,  2,  321. 

Curius,  VIII,  4 ;  XI,  78. 

Curtius,  XI,  34. 

Cyanis,  VIII,  162. 

Cyaneae,  XV,  20. 

Cybele,  XIV,  263. 

Cyclops,  XV,  18. 

Cycnus,  VIII,  33. 

Cynicus,  XIII,  121,  122;  XIV,  309. 

Cyzicus,  IV,  141. 

Daci,  IV,  111. 

Daedalus,  III,  25. 

Damasippus,  VIII,  185. 

December,  VII,  97. 

Decius,  VIII,  254,  258 ;  XIV,  239. 

Demetrius,  III,  99. 

Democritus,  X,  34. 

Demosthenes,  X,  114. 

Deucalion,  I,  81. 

Diana,  III,  320  ;  XV,  8. 

Diomedeus,  I,  53. 

Diphilus,  III,  120. 

Dolabella,  VIII,  105.     . 

Domitius,  VIII,  228. 

Doricus,  IV,  40. 

Drusus,  HI,  238  ;  VIII,  21,  40. 

Egeria,  HI,  17. 
Electra,  VIII,  218. 
Elpenor,  XV,  22. 
Ennosigaeus,  X,  182. 
Epicurus,  XIII,  122 ;  XIV,  319. 
Epona,  VIII,  157. 
Eriuys,  VII,  68. 

Esquiliae,  III,  71 ;  V,  78 ;  XI,  51. 
Etruscus,  V,  164. 
Euganeus,  VIII,  15. 
Eumenides,  XIV,  285. 
Euphranor,  III,  217. 
Euphrates,  I,  104 ;  VIH,  51. 
Europe,  VIII,  34. 


INDEX  <)P  PROPER  NAMES. 


Eurus,  X,  180;  XI,  119;   XII,  63; 

XIV,  186. 
Evatider,  XI,  61. 

Fabius,  VII,  95  ;  VIII,  14,  191 ;  XI, 

90. 

Fabrateria,  III,  224. 
Fabricius,  IV,  129;  XI,  91. 
Faesidius,  XIII,  32. 
Falernutn,  IV,  138;  XIII,  216  (se. 

vinum). 

Faustus,  VII,  12. 
Fidenae,  X,  100. 
Fides,  1, 115. 
Flaccus,  VII,  227. 
Flaminius,  I,  61, 171. 
Flavius,  IV,  37. 
Flora,  XIV,  262. 
Fonteius,  XIII,  17. 
Fortuna,   III,  40;  VII,  197;  VIII, 

74 ;  X,  52,  73,  366 ;  XIII,  10,  20, 

86;  XIV,  90,316. 
Fronto,  I,  12. 
Frusino,  III,  224. 
Furiae,  XIII,  51. 
Fuscinus,  XIV,  1. 
Fuscus,  IV,  112 ;  XII,  45. 

Gabba,  V,  4. 

Gabii,  III,  192 ;  VII,  4  ;  X,  100. 

Gades,  X,  1. 

Gaetulus,  V,  53  ;  X,  158  ;  XI,  140  ; 

XIV,  278. 

Gaetulicus,  VIII,  26. 
Galba,  VIII,  5,  222. 
Galla,  I,  125,  126. 
Gallia,  VII,  16, 148  ;  XV,  111. 
Gallicus,  VIII,  116;  XIII,  157. 
Gallinarius,  III,  307. 
Gallitta,  XII,  99, 118. 
Gallius,  XVI,  1. 
Gallus,  VII,  144 ;  XI,  113. 
Ganges,  X,  2. 


Ganymedes,  V,  59. 

Gauranus,  VIII,  86. 

Gerrnunim,  XIII,  164. 

Geticus,  V,  50. 

Gorgo,  Xll,  4. 

Gorgoneus,  III,  118. 

Gracchus,  VIII,  201,  210. 

Gradivus,  XIII,  113. 

Graecia,  X,  174 ;  XIV,  240. 

Graeculus,  III,  78. 

Graecus,  III,  61,  114;  XIV,  89. 

Graius,  VIII,  226;  X,  138;  XI,  100; 

XV,  110. 
Gyara,  I,  73. 
Gyaros,  X,  170. 

Haemus,  111,  99. 

Hannibal,  VII,  161 ;  X,  147. 

Hector,  X,259. 

Hfliudes,  V,  88. 

Helvidius,  V,  36. 

Helvina,  III,  320. 

Ileracleus,  I,  52. 

Hercules,  111,  89;  V,  125;  X,  361; 

XIII,  43,  151;  XIV,  90. 
Herculeus,  VIII,  14;  XIII,  82;  XIV, 

280. 

Hermes,  VIII,  53. 
Hermarchus,  III,  120. 
Hernicus,  XIV,  180. 
Hesperides,  XIV,  114. 
flirpinus,  VIII,  63. 
Hispania,  VIII,  116;  X,  151. 
Hispulla,  XII,  11. 
Hister,  VIII,  170 ;  XII,  111. 
Homericus,  XIII,  118. 
Homerus,  VII,  88 ;  X,  246 ;  XV,  69. 
Horatius,  VII,  62. 
Hylas,  1, 164. 
Hymettus,  XIII,  185. 

larbas,  V,  45. 

Idaeus,  III,  138 ;  XI,  194  ;  XIII,  41. 


218 


INDEX  OF   PROPER  NAMES. 


Idumaeus,  VIII,  160. 

Iliacus,  XIII,  43. 

llias,  X,  261 ;  XI,  180. 

Illyricus,  VIII,  117. 

Indieus,  XV,  163. 

Indus,  XI,  125. 

Iphigeniu,  XII,  119. 

Isaeus,  III,  74. 

Isis,  XII,  28;  XIII,  93. 

Italia,  III,  171 ;  X,  154 ;  XII,  78. 

Ithacus,  X,  257 ;  XIV,  287  ;  XV,  26. 

ludueus,  III,  14. 

ludaicus,  XIV,  101. 

lulus,  VIII,  42 ;  XII,  70. 

luncus,  XV,  27. 

luno,  VII,  32 ;  XIII,  40. 

luppiter,  V,  79;  VIII,  156;  X,  38, 

188,  268;   XI,   116;   XII,   6,  89; 

XIII,  41,  114;  XIV,  81,  206,  271. 

Lacerna,  VII,  114. 

Lachesis,  III,  27. 

Ladas,  XIII,  97. 

Laeliua,  XIV,  195. 

Laenas,  V,  98. 

Laestrygones,  XV,  18. 

Lamia,  IV,  154. 

Lappa,  VII,  72. 

Lateranus,  VIII,  147, 151, 167 ;  X,  17. 

Latinus,   I,  36,  171;  V,  55;   VIII, 

256. 

Latium,  XII,  103. 
Latius,  XI,  115. 
Laurens,  1, 107. 
Laureolus,  VIII,  187. 
Lavinum,  XII,  71. 
Lentulus,  VII,  95 ;  VIII,  187 ;  X,  287. 
Lcpidus,  VIII,  9. 
Leucas,  VIII,  241. 
Libitina,  XII,  122. 
Liburnus,  III,  240  ;  IV,  75. 
Libye,  V,  119  ;  XI,  25  (Libya). 
Licinus,  1, 109 ;  XIV,  306. 


Ligusticus,  III,  257. 
Lipuraeus,  X11I,  45. 
Longinus,  X,  16. 
Lucanus,  VII,  79 ;  VIII,  180. 
Lucilius,  1, 165. 
Lucrinus,  IV,  141. 
Lucusta,  I,  71. 
Lycius,  XI,  147. 

Machaera,  VII,  9. 

Maecenas,  I,  66  ;  VII,  94 ;  XII,  39. 

Maedus,  VII,  132. 

Macoticus,  IV,  42. 

Maeotis,  XV,  115. 

Mamercus,  VIII,  192. 

Marius,  I,  49  ;  VIII,  120. 

Maro,  VII,  227  ;  XI,  180. 

Mars,  I,  8;  X,  83;  XIII,  79;  XIV, 

261 ;  XVI,  5. 

Marsua,  III,  169  ;  XIV,  180. 
Massa,  I,  35. 

Matho,  I,  32;  VII,  129;  XI,  34. 
Maurus,  VII,  120;  X,  148;  XI,  125; 

XIV,  196. 
Medus,  X,  177. 
Megalesiacus,  XI,  193. 
Melanippe,  VIII,  229. 
Meleager,  V,  115. 
Memnon,  XV,  5. 
Memphitis,  XV,  122. 
Menoeceus,  XIV,  240. 
Mentor.  VIII,  104. 
Meroe,  XIII,  163. 
Metellus,  XV,  109. 
Micipsa,  V,  89. 
Minerva,    III,    139,    219;    X,    116; 

XIII,  82. 

Minturnae,  X,  276. 
Mithridates,  XIV,  252. 
Modia,  III,  130. 
Molossus,  XII,  108 ;  XIV,  162. 
Montnnus,  IV,  107,  131. 
Monychus,  1, 11. 


1NDKX   OF    PROPER  NAMES. 


2J9 


Moyses,  XIV,  102. 
Mucius,  I,  154;  VIII,  264. 
Musa,  VII,  37. 
Mycale,  V,  141. 
Mycenae,  XII,  127. 
Myron,  VIII,  102. 

Nabataeus,  XI,  126. 

Narcissus,  XIV,  329. 

Natta,  VIII,  96. 

Neptunus,  XIII,  81,  152. 

Nero,  IV,  38,  137;  VIII,  72,  170, 

193,212,  223;  X,  15;  XII,  129. 
Nestor,  XII,  128. 
Niliacus,  I,  26. 

Nilus,  X,  149;  XIII,  27;  XV,  123. 
Nortia,  X,  74. 
Novius,  XII,  111. 
Numa,  III,  12,  138;  VIII,  156. 
Numantini,  VIII,  11. 
Numidae,  VII,  182. 
Numitor,  VII,  74 ;  VIII,  93. 
Nysa,  VII,  64. 

Oceanus,  X,  149;  XI,  94,  113 ;  XIV, 

283. 

Octavius,  VIII,  242. 
Olynthus,  XII,  47. 
Ombi,  XV,  35,  75. 
Orestes,  I,  6 ;  VIII,  220. 
Orontes,  III,  62. 
Osiris,  VIII,  29. 
Ostia,  VIII,  171. 
Otho,  III,  159;  XIV,  824. 

Paccius,  VII,  12. 
Pacius,  XII,  99. 
Pactolus,  XIV,  299. 
Pacuvius,  XII,  112, 125, 128. 
Palaemon,  VII,  215. 
Palfurius,  IV,  53. 
Pallas,  I,  109. 
Pansa,  VIII,  96. 


Parcae,  XII,  84. 

Paris,  VII,  87 ;  X,  264. 

Parrhasius,  VIII,  102. 

Parthenius,  XII,  44. 

Paulus,  VII,  143;  VIII,  21. 

Pax,  1, 115. 

Pedo,  VII,  129. 

Pegasus,  IV,  77. 

Peleus,  X,  256 ;  XIV,  214. 

Pelides,  III,  280. 

Pellaeus,  X,  168. 

Pelopea,  VII,  92. 

Persicus,  III,  221;    XI,  67;   XIV 

328. 

Phaeaces.  V,  151 ;  XV,  28. 
Phaecasiatus,  III,  218. 
Phalaris,  VIII,  81. 
Pharius,  XIII,  85. 
Phiale,  X,  238. 
Phidiacus,  VIII,  103. 
Philippica,  X,  125. 
Philippus,  XIII,  125. 
Philomela,  VII,  92. 
Phoebus,  VII,  233. 
Pbolus,  XII,  45. 

Phryx,  VII,  236 ;  XI,  147 ;  XII,  73. 
Picens,  IV,  65. 
Picenus,  XI,  74. 
Picus,  VIII,  181. 
Pierius,  VII,  8,  60. 
Pisaeus,  XIII,  99. 
Piso,  V,  109. 
Pluton,  Xm,  50. 
Poenus,  X,  155. 
Polio,  VII,  176. 
Pollio,  XI,  48. 

Polyclitus,  III,  217 ;  VIII,  108. 
Polyphemus,  XIV,  20. 
Polyxena,  X,  262. 
Pompcius,  IV,  110;  X,  108,  283. 
Pomptinus,  III,  3(>7. 
Ponticus,  VIII,   1,  75,  179;    XIV, 

114. 


220 


INDEX  OP  PROPER  NAMES, 


Pontus,  IV,  43 ;  X,  273. 

Posides,  XIV,  91. 

Praeneste,  III,  190. 

Praenestinus,  XIV,  88. 

Priamus,  X,  258. 

Prochyta,  III,  5. 

Procula,  III,  203. 

Proculeius,  VII,  94. 

Prometheus,   IV,  133;    VIII,  133; 

XV,  85. 

Protogenes,  III,  120. 
Punicus,  XIV,  161. 
Pylades,  XVI,  26. 
Pylius,  X,  246. 
Pyrenaeus,  X,  151. 
Pyrrha,  XV,  80. 
Pyrrhus,  XIV,  162. 
Pythagoras,  XV,  173. 
Pythagoreus,  III,  229. 
Pythia,  XIII,  199. 

Quintilianus,  VII,  186, 189. 

Quintilla,  VII,  75. 

Quirinus,  III,  67;  VIII,  259;  XI, 

105. 
Quiris,  III,  60,  163 ;  VIH,  47 ;  X, 

45, 109. 

Remus,  X,  73. 

Rhadamanthus,  XIII,  197. 

Rhenus,  VIII,  170. 

Rhodii,  VIII,  113. 

Roma,  III,  41,  83,  137,  165,  183,  314, 

319 ;  IV,  38 ;  V,  90 ;  VII,  4,  138 ; 

VIII,  237,  243;  X,  122,  279;  XI, 

46,  197. 
Romanus,  III,  119 ;  V,  58 ;  X,  138 ; 

XIV,  100,  160. 
Romuleus,  XI,  104. 
Rubellius,  VIII,  39, 
Rubrenus,  VII,  72. 
Rubrius,  IV,  105. 
Rufus,  VII,  213,  214. 


Rutilus,  XI,  2;  XIV,  18. 
Eutulus,  1, 162 ;  VII,  68 ;  XII,  105. 
Rutupinus,  IV,  141. 

Sabellus,  III,  169. 

Sabinus,  III,  85. 

Saguntinus,  V,  29. 

Salamis,  X,  179. 

Saleius,  VII,  80. 

Samius,  XVI,  6. 

Samos,  III,  70. 

Samothrax,  III,  144. 

Santonicus,  VIII,  145. 

SardanapalluK,  X,  362. 

Sarmata,  III,  79. 

Sarmentus,  V,  3. 

Sarranus,  X,  38. 

Saturnus,  XIII,  40. 

Sauromata,  XV,  125. 

Scaurus,  XI,  91. 

Scylla,  XV,  19. 

Scythicus,  XI,  139. 

Secundus,  VII,  204. 

Seianus,  X,  63,  66,  76,  89,  90. 

Seleucus,  X,  211. 

Seneca,  V,  109  ;  VIII,  212;  X,  16. 

Senones,  VIII,  234. 

September,  XIV,  130. 

Seriphos,  X,  170. 

Sen-anus,  VII,  80. 

Setinus,  V,  34 ;  X.  27. 

Sibylla,  III,  3 ;  VIII,  126. 

Siculus,  V,  100;   VII,  236;   XIII, 

50. 

Sicyon,  III,  69. 
Signinus,  XI,  73. 
Silanus,  VIII,  27. 
Siren,  XIV,  19. 
Socraticus,  XIV,  820. 
Sol,  XIII,  78. 
Solon,  X,  274. 
Sora,  III,  223. 
So.stratus,  X,  178. 


INDEX  OF  PKOPEK  NAMES. 


221 


Spartanus,  VIII,  101,  218 ;  XIII,  199. 

Statius,  VII,  83. 

Stcntor,  XIII,  112. 

Stoicus,  III,  116 ;  XIII,  121  •,  XV, 

109. 

Stratocles,  III,  99. 
Subura,  III,  5;    V,  106;   X,  156; 

XI,  51, 141. 
Sulla,  I,  16. 
Sycambri,  IV,  147. 
Syenc,  XI,  124. 
Syria,  VIII,  169. 
Syrius,  XI,  73. 
Syrophoenix,  VIII,  159. 
Syrus,  III,  62. 

Tagus,  III,  55;  XIV,  299. 

Tarpeius,  XII,  6 ;  XIII,  78. 

Tutius,  XIV,  160. 

Tauricus,  XV,  116. 

Tauromentanus,  V,  93. 

Telamon,  XIV,  214. 

Telephus,  I,  5. 

Telesinus,  VII,  25. 

Tentyra,  XV,  35,  76. 

Tereus,  VII,  12. 

Terpsichore,  VII,  35. 

Teucri,  VIII,  56. 

Teutonicus,  X,  282. 

Thabraca,  X,  194. 

Thales,  XIII,  184. 

Thebae,  VII,  12;  XI11,  27;  XIV, 

240. 

Thebais,  VII,  83. 
Thebe,  XV,  6. 
Theodoras,  VII,  177. 
Thersites,  VIII,  269 ;  XI,  81. 
Theseis,  I,  2. 
Thessalia,  VIII,  242. 
Thrax,  III,  79;  XIII,  167. 
Thrasea,  V,  86. 
Thrasymachua,  VII,  204. 
Thyestes,  VIII,  228. 


Thyle,  XV,  112. 
Thymele,  I,  36 ;  VIII,  197. 
Tiberinus,  V,  104;  VIII,  265. 
Tiberis,  III,  62;   VII,  121;    XIV, 

202. 

Tibur,  III,  192  ;  XIV,  87. 
Tiburtinus,  XI,  65. 
TigellinuB,  I,  155. 
Tireslas.  XIII,  249. 
Tirynthius,  XI,  61. 
Titan,  XIV,  35. 
Titanis,  VIII,  132. 
Tongilius,  VII,  180. 
Tralles,  III,  70. 
Trebius,  V,  19, 135. 
Troia,  X,  258. 
Troianus,  IV,  61. 
Troicus,  VIII,  221. 
Troiugenae,  I,  100;  VIII,  181;  XI, 

95. 

Trypherus,  XI,  137. 
Tullius,  VII,  199. 
Tullus,  V,  57. 
Turaus,  XII,  105 ;  XV,  65. 
Tuscus,  VIII,  180;  X,  74;  XI,  108; 

XIII,  62. 
Tydides,  XV,  66. 
Tyrius,  I, -27  ;  VII,  134 ;  XII,  107. 
Tyrrhenus,  V,  96;  XII,  78. 

Ucalegon,  III,  199. 
Ulixes,  XI,  81 ;  XV,  14. 
Ultor,  XIV,  261. 
Ulubrae,  X,  102. 
Umbricius,  HI,  21. 

Vagcllius,  XIII,  119;  XVI,  28. 
Vascones,  XV,  98. 
Veiento,  III,  185;  IV,  118, 128. 
Venafranus,  V,  86. 
Ventidius,  VII,  199  ;  XI,  22. 
Venus,  IV,  40;  VII,  25;  X,  86S; 
XVI,  5. 


222 


INDEX   OF   PROPER  NAMES. 


Venusinus,  I,  51. 
Vergilius,  VII,  69. 
Verginius,  VIII,  221. 
Verres,  111,53;  VIII,  106. 
Vesta,  IV,  61. 
Vestinus,  XIV,  181. 
Vettius,  VII,  150. 
Victoria,  1, 115. 
Vindex,  VIII,  222. 


Virtus,  1, 115. 
Volesus,  VIII,  182. 
Volsci,  VIII,  245. 
Volsinii,  III,  191. 
Voluaius,  XV,  1. 

Vulcanus,    I,    9 ;    X,    132;    XIH, 
45. 

Zacynthos,  XV,  114. 


Virro,  V,  39, 43, 99, 128, 134, 149, 156.    Zeno,  XV,  107. 


ALPHABETICAL   LIST   OF   OBJECTS 
ILLUSTRATED, 


rut.  PAGK 

Abacus    .                                 19  129 

Abolla 15  1-J6 

Actors 33  146 

Ancil'm 49 

Autilochos 61 

Aplustre 54  170 

Appian  Way 1 

Appian  Way  (restoration) 10  !•_'<' 

A  roll  of  triumph 

Armor 44 

Artoptao 2C 

Atrium 

Auriga 

Balteus .80  211 

Bread 25  140 

Bridge  of  boats 55  171 

Bronze  jugs 5  115 

Bulla 30  148 

Calamus.        .                                 31  145 

Oalidarmm 78  197 

Cump(plan) 84 

Camp  (ruins) 85               103,  210 

Campugnu 

Castra 84, 85  209,  -.'!•• 

Cera  (mask) 84  153 

Cerae  (tablets) 4  114 

Chlamys 39  150 

Circus  Muxinuis  (ivstorution) 60 

10 


224  J^IST  OP  OBJECTS  ILLUSTRATED. 

FIG.  PAQ« 

Circus  Maximus  (view) „  80                      201 

Cithara 42                      160 

Claudius 84 

Clipeus ...  62                      179 

Cloaca  maxima 28 

Cothurnus 33                       146 

Cryptoporticus        ........  78                      197 

Cucurbita        ^                                 77                      196 

Culcitae 24                       138 

Culina .29  142 

Currus 51                61,169 

Diadema 47                      162 

Dice-box 76                      195 

Dolabra 46 

Domitian 

Domitian  (coin)      . 

Dooms 35                       152 

Flagellum 75                      193 

Forum 48                       165 

Framea 72                      190 

Fritillus 76                      195 

Fulcrum 60 

Funambulus 14 

Funeral  urn ....59  173 

Gladiators 16,17  127 

Gladiators  (armor) 44 

Harbor  at  Ostia  (plan) 65 

Harbor  at  Ostia  (coin) 67 

Hermes 37 

Inkstand         .........  31                      145 

Impluvium .35 

Iphigenia 68 

Isis ^3                       191 

Jugs 6                       115 

Jupiter  Ammon 

Jupiter  Olympius ^* 

Juvenal  .                         Frontispiece. 


LIST  OF  OBJECTS  ILLUSTRATED.  225 

rio.  TAOK 

Lanista 17  127 

Lcctica 2  112 

Lectus 23,  60  138,  178 

Medusa 83 

Mensa 23,  B3,  64      138,  179,  180 

Mill 38  156 

Mimus 43  160 

Nassa 69  187 

Nereids 6 

Nile  (view) 96 

Nile  as  river- god  (coin) 102 

Oecus 86,78  152,197 

Oil-flask.        .                        20  181 

Orbi* 63,  64  179,  180 

Orpheus 17 

Ostia  (harbor) 65,67  184,185 

Papyrus 31  146 

Parthenon       .........    40  157 

Peristylium 35, 78  152,  197 

Phalerae 61  179 

Pharos 66  186 

Phaselus  (bean) 82  i'"7 

Phaselus  (vessel)    ........    83  207 

Phokion .89  168 

Pinnirapus 16  127 

Piscina 86  152 

Praetorium 84  -'"'.' 

Pygmies 74  192 

Pyxis 70  188 

Raeda 11  122 

Reading 81,  62 

Retiarius 17  127 

Rogus '     ....     68  173 

Rostra  (?) .    49  168 

Rota 22  186 

Rowers 68  M,  !•  ' 

Sacrifice 67  95,  178 

Sacrifice  of  Iphigenia 68  188 

Sambuca.                                                                           .    12  124 


226  LIST   OP  OBJECTS   ILLUSTRATED. 

FIG.  PAGE 

Scutum 41  158 

"Secutor 17  127 

Sijfnu 79  200 

Sinus 6  116 

Sistrum 73  191 

Soccus 43  160 

Squilla 27  140 

Standards 79  200 

Strigils    .                 20  131 

Stylus 3,4,31       113,114,145 

Taberna .      7  117 

Tablets    .        . 4,  31  114, 145 

Tablinum 35, 78  152,  197 

Temo 51  169 

Tepidarium 78  197 

Theatre  at  Aspendos 18  128 

Theatre  of  Herod 56  172 

Thyrsus 32  140 

Tibicen 81  205 

Toga 6  110 

Tomb  of  Caecilia  Metella 9  119 

TombofScipio 105 

Tombs  on  the  Appian  Way 10  120 

Torques 41  158 

Torus 8  118 

Triclinium 23  24,  138 

Trireme 52,  53  69,  169 

Tritons 6 

Triumphal  arch 23 

Tropaeum 50  169 

Tuba 57  173 

Tympanum 13  124 

Urna 59  173 

Villa  suburbana 78  197 

Vomer 21  133 

Vulcan's  workshop 71  189 

Writing  materials 81  145 

THE   END, 


LIVY    AND     HORACE 


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